Whole Dude – Whole Concept – Page 28 – Defines man in all his dimensions to account for human existence in the Natural World.

Whole Tragedy – Accidental Death during Aerial Shell Fireworks Display

Tragedy at Aerial Shell Fireworks Display, Thapar Stadium, Army Ordnance Corps Centre, Trimulgherry, Secunderabad.

Tragedy at Thapar Stadium Secunderabad: The decision to include Aerial Shell Fireworks Display during Corps Raising Day Celebrations of 1983 caused the unfortunate death of Havildar B. Rama Rao of AOC Centre (No. 2 Training Battalion) Music Band. This Fireworks Display did not include a plan for hazard management and hence it failed to recognize the hazards, did not evaluate hazards and did not take adequate action to control risks associated with Fireworks Display. The Fireworks Show did not plan or meet the criteria for a safe-zone.

Tragedy at Thapar Stadium Secunderabad. The main entrance of Thapar Stadium is on Wellington Road. AOC Farm is on Wellington Road. The Mortar Bomb that caused a fatal accident was launched from the AOC Farm. The chief concern is about the lack of a protective barrier and the size of the Mortar Bomb Shell used for Aerial Shell Fireworks Display during AOC Raising Day Celebration 1983.

Tragedy at Thapar Stadium. A view of Thapar Stadium, AOC Centre where the Aerial Shell Fireworks Display during 1983 caused the death of Havildar B. Rama Rao of AOC Centre Music Band. Havildar Rao of No. 2 Training Battalion was seated among the spectators and had come to watch the Fireworks Display.

Tragedy at Thapar Stadium, Secunderabad. The Stadium is also known as Ordnance Centre Cricket Ground, Mahatma Gandhi Nagar, West Marredpally, Secunderabad where sporting events are conducted on a regular basis. We need a Memorial to pay tribute to Non-Commissioned Officer/Havildar. B. Rama Rao of No. 2 Training Battalion, a member of AOC Centre Music Band who died during Aerial Shell Fireworks Display on AOC Raising Day Celebrations of 1983. We need to pay this memorial tribute in recognition of the error in the decision to conduct Fireworks without establishing a Safety-Zone.

I am reporting about an event that resulted in the death of Hav. (Havildar) B. Rama Rao, a non-commissioned officer of the Indian Army serving in No. 2 Training Battalion, Army Ordnance Corps Centre, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India at Thapar Stadium during April, 1983 where over 1, 500 people including army personnel, their wives, and children had gathered to celebrate Army Ordnance Corps (AOC) Raising Day. I am writing about an unfortunate, tragic event that was witnessed by a multitude of spectators who came to Thapar Stadium to witness what they had hoped would be a spectacular Aerial Shell Fireworks display. I would like to briefly describe the history of Army Ordnance Corps (AOC) and its Centre in the Cantonment Area of Secunderabad. I would also describe about the infantry weapon known as ‘Mortar’, and the Physics of Aerial Shell Fireworks and the Pyro Technological principles involved in Fireworks. I would give a brief explanation of the medical aspects of this death event which may help us to understand death as a dying process. It is important to understand as to why an innocent spectator got killed at Thapar Stadium. We may bury our dead but we must never, ever bury our mistakes. Spiritualism seeks the establishment of Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in the lives of human beings. There will be no Peace until we recognize and admit our errors of judgment that initiate our wrongful actions that disrupt Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility.

ARMY ORDNANCE CORPS OF INDIAN ARMY:

The Flag of Indian Army Ordnance Corps. Its Motto: “SHASTRA SE SHAKTI.” To project Military Might and Power, we need Weapons and Ammunition.

The AOC has a chequered history since the year 1775 when the Board of Ordnance was formed under the British Empire in India in the then Bengal Presidency. On April 01, 1884 The Ordnance Commissariat Department or the Ordnance Department in India came into existence. In 1922 the Indian AOC came into being. India won its Independence on August 15, 1947 and in 1950 India became a Republic. The Indian AOC was re-designated as the AOC which could be described as the material manager of the Indian Army. The Corps motto is: “SHASTRA SE SHAKTI” which describes the purpose of AOC as that of shaping the Army’s ‘Punch’. AOC provides and supplies the munitions required for war. Its inventory includes a diverse range of equipment, armaments, ammunition, explosives, clothing, and tentage. One of the major responsibilities of the Corps is the management of ammunition safety; security of ammunition, and repairs and disposal of unserviceable ammunition. The AOC Centre at Trimulgherry or Tirumala Giri, Secunderabad Cantonment was established in June 1953.

Headquarters Army Ordnance Corps Centre Secunderabad. During 1983, Brigadier AM Bhattacharya was its Commandant, the first Commandant of AOC Centre who held the rank of Brigadier.

AOC Centre Secunderabad is a huge training establishment that imparts training to various personnel who belong to or recruited to join the Indian Army to serve in Army Ordnance Corps.

Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: Shakti Motivational Hall AOC Centre Secunderabad. Shakti means Power. We need to learn the use of Power with a sense of Respect. To use Power with a sense of Respect, we have to learn about the Science that operates the Weapons and Ammunition that we use to display Power.

Thapar Stadium at AOC Centre is also known as Army Ordnance Centre Cricket Ground, Mahatma Gandhi Nagar, West Marredpally, Secunderabad/Hyderabad. During 1965-66 the first Ranji Trophy Cricket Match between Hyderabad and Mysore (now Karnataka) was played here. Later, a second Ranji Trophy Cricket Match was played in 1992-93 between Hyderabad and Kerala. Thapar Stadium has hosted several First-Class Cricket Matches and has been the venue for several other sporting events.

Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: Lieutenant General T A D’ Cunha, Director General of Ordnance Services is seen in this photo image taken during AOC 8th Reunion Celebration at AOC Centre Secunderabad. The decision to include Aerial Shell Fireworks Display during Corps Raising Day Celebrations of 1983 was not a decision made by Brigadier A M Bhattacharya, Commandant AOC Centre Secunderabad for the Centre had no weapons and ammunition to conduct Aerial Shell Fireworks and had no personnel trained in Pyrotechnical Displays.

Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: This is a photo image from 228th Corps Day Celebration at AOC Centre Secunderabad. The venue is the Open Air Theater of AOC Centre.

Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: This is a photo image taken at 235th Raising Day Celebrations at AOC Centre Secunderabad.

AOC celebrates Corps Day every year and the Corps Raising Day is celebrated once every five years. Hav. B. Rama Rao of No. 2 Training Battalion during 1983 was the leading member of the AOC Music Band that performs at various AOC official functions both at the Centre and at various locations of AOC across the country. He was married, and his family lived with him at the Centre. His musical talent and artistic performances were liked and appreciated and he was also liked for his pleasant bearing, and amiable nature. I would like to add that he was in perfect health when this totally unexpected event prematurely ended his life.

THE SCIENCE OF PYROTECHNICS:

Aerial Shell Fireworks Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: There are applications of Physics to create the myriad effects of Fireworks. The size of the Shell is related to the size of Shell burst that produces the display.

Fireworks are devices that use explosive, flammable/combustible chemical materials to create spectacular displays of light, noise, and smoke. Pyrotechnics is the art and technology of making and using fireworks. We need to understand the Science behind the spectacle of an entertaining fireworks show. The art of fireworks display dates back to ancient China. In India, traditional festivals like ‘Deepavali’ or ‘Diwali’ include the use of decorative fireworks such as rockets, fountains, sparklers and Roman candles. The celebrations of Victory and Peace like the Fourth of July celebration in the United States, New Year Day celebrations and the firework shows at sporting events are inventions of this century and they speak of the immense popularity of entertaining people with fireworks show. Fireworks makers fill the night sky with myriad effects in displays that are popular all over the world. Aerial fireworks developed out of military rockets and explosive missiles.

Aerial Shell Fireworks Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: The distance traveled by the Projectile and its initial velocity is important. There should be a safety barrier between the spectators and the site where the Projectile may fall to the ground if it does not explode in the sky. The angle of the trajectory is important. Army Ordnance Directorate, New Delhi during 1983 unfortunately failed to recognize the requirement of a safe-zone.

Until late 18th century, fireworks lacked the essential characteristic of color. For producing color, we need specific emitters of colored light. Chlorate an invention of the late 18th century and an industrial product of the early 19th century gave the ability to add colors to the fireworks. With the addition of various metallic salts to Potassium Chlorate brilliant colors could be produced. Chemical compounds such as Potassium Chlorate, Potassium Nitrate, and Potassium Perchlorate contain the Oxygen necessary for combustion of the pyrotechnic mixture. The nitrate, carbonate, or sulfate salts of Strontium produce red color; Copper salts produce blue color; Barium salts produce bright green color; and Sodium salts produce yellow flash. Magnesium and Aluminum powder add extra brilliant sparks and flash. The colors, fiery flashes, and star-burst effects of Aerial Fireworks come from ‘stars’, small pellets of firework composition which contain all the necessary ingredients for generating colored light or other special effects like creating images and letters in the air.

Aerial Fireworks Display Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: The addition of color is important to create splendid Fireworks Display. Brilliant colors are produced by addition of chemical compounds. For the Color, we need specific emitters of Colored Light. This Chromaticity diagram shows some Emission Bands.

Aerial Shell Fireworks Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: The addition of Copper salts produces brilliant Blue Color.

Aerial Fireworks Display Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: Aerial Fireworks Display when properly planned and executed would provide great visual entertainment.

MILITARY SCIENCE – MORTARS:

Mortar Infantry Weapon – Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: The use of Mortars as Infantry Weapon has increased during World War II during Open Warfare. The image shows the use of 60 mm Mortar by the U.S. Army in Afghanistan.

Aerial Shell Fireworks Display – Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: Shell is a payload-carrying Projectile which contains an explosive or other filling. This Photo image shows Mortar Bombs with High Explosive material. This photo image of Mortar Shells or Projectiles helps the readers to know the size, and shape of the type of heavy, Shell that was used in the conduct of Aerial Shell Fireworks Display at Thapar Stadium during 1983 Corps Raising Day Celebrations.

Aerial Shell Fireworks Display – Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: To use Power or Shakti we must learn about the Weapon and Ammunition that we use. This image depicts the various component parts of a Mortar Bomb or Projectile.

Mortars could be simply called as a small cannon. Mortars are gun like weapons that were first developed for the close support of infantry and therefore classed as infantry weapons. Mortar is a short-range weapon with smooth bore, short barrel, low muzzle velocity, and it fires heavy shells or projectiles with high-arched trajectory. Shell is a payload-carrying projectile which contains an explosive or other filling. Mortars have a role as an adjunct to artillery. It consists principally of a steel tube and supporting bipods and a base plate. During the trench warfare of World War I, greatly improved mortars came into use. Mortars as infantry weapons were employed extensively by all countries in a variety of calibres during open warfare of World War II. Small, portable mortars became standard 20th- century infantry weapons, especially for trench or mountain warfare. In mountain and jungle country, the high-angle, or high-arched trajectory fire enables infantry to reach targets inaccessible to other supporting weapons. Mortars because of their light weight and inconspicuousness could be brought into action quickly in difficult terrain to engage military targets that cannot be hit by direct, and observed fire. Modern mortars provide more mobile and less vulnerable weapons than field artillery or howitzers. Mortars are inexpensive to manufacture, simple to operate, and robust and easy to maintain. Medium mortars with a calibre of 70-90 millimetres (about 3-4 inches), a range up to 4, 000 metres, and a bomb weight of up to 5 Kg are favored. The fin-stabilized projectiles fired from mortars have arrow-like stability. These projectiles are designed to encounter less air resistance and thus retain more of their velocity in flight.

PHYSICS OF AERIAL SHELL FIREWORKS:

Aerial Shell Fireworks Display – Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: This photo image shows the preparation of Fireworks Mortar Tubes. There is a relationship between the size of the Shell, the Length of the Mortar Tube, the Initial Velocity and the Distance traveled by the Shell. We can predict as to where the Shell may land and calculate the Risk involved to Spectators watching the Show.

The Science of Pyrotechnics involves many Physics applications that must be considered to produce dazzling displays. Aerial Shells contain the chemicals that when ignited produce the brilliant flash of colored light. These Shells are loaded into mortars and are fired into the sky. The size of the Shell is important and six-inch Shells are used at small shows. Shells usually travel about 100 feet vertically for every inch they are in diameter depending on the angle they are fired from. There is a relationship between the initial velocities and the distances traveled by the Shells. Six inch Shell has the initial velocity of 203.5 feet/second. Fireworks are launched from rows of steel tubes (mortars) secured in troughs of sand. The tubes or mortars are three times as long as the Firework Shells but have the same diameter. The Shell fits snugly into its ‘Launch’ tube to allow the pressure created by the ‘Lift Charge’ to launch it into air. There is a ‘Bursting Charge’, a firecracker charge at the center of the Shell. ‘Fuse’ provides a time delay to allow the Shell to explode at the right altitude. When the ‘Lift Charge’ fires to launch the Shell, it ignites the Shells’ ‘Fuse’. The Shell’s Fuse burns while the Shell rises to its correct altitude, and then it lights the ‘Bursting Charge’ making the Shell to explode. Understanding of these basic principles of Physics will help to formulate a policy of Hazard Management for Aerial Shell Fireworks displays.

HAZARD MANAGEMENT FOR FIREWORKS DISPLAYS:

It involves, 1. Recognition of hazards, 2. Evaluation of risks, and 3. Control of risks.

I. Hazards associated with Lift or Propelling Charge:-

1. Premature Ignition or Ignition Problem.

2. Delayed Ignition or “Hangfire.”

3. Ignition Failure or “Misfire.”

II. Functioning Problems:-

1. Explosion within the Mortar tube; a. Mild explosion, b. Powerful explosion or Shell detonation.

2. Explosion just above the Mortar tube.

3. Delayed Explosion.

4. Failure to Explode – Shell or Shell components fall to ground; ignited or unignited; Shell, or burning debris reaches ground.

These hazards have to be recognized for proper planning of Fireworks Displays. If there is no protective barrier like a lake or waterfront, the size and the make of the Aerial Shell used for the display would be of critical importance. For Fireworks Display at Thapar Stadium, the Shell size must not exceed six inches, and Shells with metal casing would pose serious risks to the spectators if the unexploded Shell reaches the ground.

AOC RAISING DAY CELEBRATION DURING 1983 AT THAPAR STADIUM:

AOC Raising Day Celebration at AOC Centre, Secunderabad takes place over several days and it includes a variety of events such as a Ceremonial Parade, ‘Sainik Sammelan’ (a ceremonial gathering of all Unit personnel in Uniform to hear and discuss about Regimental issues and concerns about general welfare), ‘Bara Khana’ (a feast in which all ranks participate in Uniform) and a Live Entertainment Show. For the Celebration during 1983, the Ordnance Directorate at New Delhi decided the addition of an Aerial Shell Fireworks Display at Thapar Stadium where all ranks with their families could be entertained. However, the AOC Centre Secunderabad had no ammunition, or mortar tubes, or personnel trained in Pyrotechnics. A trained team headed by a Junior Commissioned Officer, along with the necessary equipment was dispatched to Secunderabad on Temporary Duty to organize the Fireworks Display at Thapar Stadium. The Pyrotechnic Team that had arrived in Secunderabad made no attempt to discuss the issue of Hazard Management with the Regimental Medical Officer. Apparently, a decision was made by the Ordnance Directorate not to directly involve AOC Centre Secunderabad in the conduct of the Aerial Shell Fireworks Display. There was no malicious intent. The Show was intended to amuse people and organizing a rehearsal of the event would spoil the sense of fun in watching the Show. The Team had arrived with ammunition and equipment that was tested at a different location and did not conduct further testing at Secunderabad prior to the actual Show.

After spectators got seated at Thapar Stadium, the lights were turned off, and the night sky was clear and dark for an ideal display of Aerial Fireworks. The mortar tubes were positioned on AOC Farm located just outside the boundary of Thapar Stadium. The very first Mortar Bomb Shell that was fired got launched into the air, had reached its right altitude, and unfortunately failed to explode. The Shell experienced a Functioning Problem and the unexploded Shell rapidly descended vertically, towards the ground with its tip pointing downwards, where people were seated. The crowd of spectators were absolutely stunned and were speechless when this unexpected event hit them like a bolt from the sky. The Shell found its victim and Havildar B. Rama Rao was that unsuspecting victim. I was among the spectators in a section designated for the Officers of the AOC Centre. I simply dashed towards the bleachers, the site of mishap, and found Hav. Rao within an instant after he was hit. He recognized me as he was fully conscious. I found the Mortar Bomb standing right on top of his head with its tail fin pointing upwards. He had no words to speak, and he was not in pain. I could clearly see the sense of mortal fear expressed on his face. This sense of fear had an overwhelming force of its own and it would not let the person experience the sensation called Pain. All his vital signs were normal, and he was able to stand on his own. The Shell penetrated his skull bone and remained very firmly seated in the head. There was no external bleeding from the head injury. I must frankly admit that I was shocked beyond all belief to find the type of Mortar Bomb that got planted into his head. It was eight inches long and had a heavy metal casing. I was not really expecting that the Shell would be that long and heavy and might have metal casing instead of cardboard. However, at that moment, my first concern was that of assuring Hav. Rao and to take him to the Military Hospital for immediate management of his head injury. The unexploded Mortar Bomb posed a great risk to him and all others and it was my urgent priority to safely dislodge this Bomb from his skull before it explodes. Rules of Safety demand that unexploded ammunition such as Bombs should not be directly touched or handled as such handling would cause them to explode. I assisted Hav. Rao to move and found the staff car of Brigadier A M Bhattacharya, Commandant of AOC Centre that was parked inside the Stadium. I helped Hav. Rao to get into the backseat of this staff car as it would be better to transport him in a sitting position without disturbing the Bomb. Within a few minutes, we reached the Military Hospital on Gough Road, a short distance from the AOC Centre campus. As he stepped out of the car to enter the Hospital Medical Inspection Room, Havildar Rao had to pause for he had a bout of vomiting. It was a danger signal, a symptom of raising intracranial pressure due to head injury. The Duty Medical Officer and his staff lost no time and we initiated the medical treatment to reduce the raising intracranial pressure. Lieutenant Colonel A K Gupta, the Senior Surgical Specialist of the Hospital had soon arrived on the scene. At that time, Hav. Rao was still fully conscious, breathing on his own, and his blood pressure showed a response by getting elevated as a result of the raising intracranial pressure. Surgeon A K Gupta immediately took him to the Operation Theater and his first priority was to safely remove the Bomb which penetrated his skull and then to attempt a surgical decompression by removing the collection of blood inside the skull that was compressing the brain matter. The Surgeon could safely remove the Bomb and could not proceed any further as a fatal complication called brain herniation began to manifest. It was a very rapid, and fast-moving course of medical condition during which the patient loses cardiac and respiratory functions associated with signs of deep coma or loss of consciousness. Apart from the loss of heart and lung functions, there was loss of all brainstem functions at which point the fact of the clinical onset of brain death was made. From the Military Hospital, I proceeded to the residence of Lieutenant Colonel R S Johar, the Commanding Officer of No. 2 Training Battalion. He and other Officers were anxiously awaiting to learn about the outcome of this tragic event. Later, a Court of Inquiry was instituted as required by Army Regulations to officially inquire about this accident and the death of Hav. Rao. I was asked to testify at the Court and answered the questions asked by the Court. The Court was satisfied that the death was due to an accident and did not blame any individual for causing or contributing to this accident.

THE MEDICAL ASPECTS OF SEVERE HEAD INJURY:

Aerial Fireworks Display and Tragedy at Thapar Stadium: The complications of head injury or trauma are brain edema or swelling and brain herniation when brain tissue gets displaced from its usual position within the cranial cavity. Six types of brain herniation can occur: 1. Uncal herniation, 2. Central or Transtentorial herniation, 3. Cingulate or Subfalcine herniation, 4. Transcalvarial or Infratentorial herniation, 5. Upward Cerebellar or Upward Transtentorial herniation, and 6. Tonsillar or downward Cerebellar herniation. The compression of Brainstem causes Brain Death due to Cardiac and Pulmonary Arrest.

A serious and potentially fatal consequence of head injury is that of brain edema and brain herniation. Brain is enclosed in a non-expandable case, the skull or the cranium. Head trauma causes increased permeability of the endothelial cells, the cells that line the walls of the small blood vessels and capillaries that supply blood to the brain tissue. The blood vessels can also rupture as a direct consequence of the trauma. This leads to loss of blood or fluid from the capillaries and blood vessels which collects and accumulates in the surrounding brain tissue. This vasogenic brain edema or swelling leads to an increased intracranial pressure. The leaked blood collects as a swelling called hematoma which exerts pressure on brain tissue. The cranial or skull cavity is divided by dural septa or partitions into several compartments. A mass lesion like hematoma, or brain edema causes a pressure gradient between the compartments of the cranial cavity. The term brain herniation describes the displacement that occurs when cerebral tissue, cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels are moved or pressed and pushed outside of their usual positions within the brain compartments. The pressure gradient causes the movement of brain tissue and the tissue gets pushed through openings in the covering of brain called dura mater or through openings in the skull like the foramen magnum. Herniation causes damage by direct compression of brain tissue and of blood vessels that supply brain. Compression of brainstem affects the vital respiratory and circulatory centers that operate the functions of Lungs and Heart. The loss of functions of brainstem causes 1. coma or deep unconsciousness, 2. cardiac and respiratory arrest, absence of heart beat, and absence of spontaneous breathing, and 3. absence of brainstem reflexes like blinking of eyes, pupils not responding or reacting to light (remain dilated and not constricting to light) and the absence of ‘gagging reflex’.

SPIRITUALISM AND DEATH AT THAPAR STADIUM:

I am reporting this unfortunate event in due recognition of the failure of Hazard Management for that fateful Aerial Shell Fireworks Display held during 1983. We had not recognized the risks and we had not evaluated the risks and hence we had no ability to control the risks. To acknowledge the fact that we had learned a lesson, we must erect a suitable Memorial to pay homage to our Fallen Soldier and pay tribute to Hav. Rao of AOC Centre Music Band.

“ARMY COVERED UP HAVILDAR’S DEATH” – NEWS STORY IN DECCAN CHRONICLE :

Jatinder Kaur Tur of Deccan Chronicle published a news item on August 29, 2012 giving some details of this incident involving the death of Havildar Rao and commented about Army’s inability to report its mistake. In a Letter to the Editor, Deccan Chronicle reader, Colonel Prasad had commented on September 01 and claimed that, “All accidents are investigated by Courts of Inquiry and action is taken.” It is indeed true and as I mentioned in this blog post, a Court of Inquiry presided by Lieutenant Colonel R S Johar of No. 2 Training Battalion, AOC Centre, Secunderabad had given its findings and the same were approved without blaming any person or entity for contributing to this accidental death.

Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Personal Number. MR- 03277K. Rank. Major . AMC/DPC

Senior Regimental Medical Officer ( 1978-84 ),

AOC Centre, Trimulgherry, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.

**Aerial Fireworks Display-Death at Thapar Stadium: Aerial Fireworks Display when properly planned and executed provides great visual entertainment.**

The White House Meeting between President Trump and Dalai Lama

The White House Meeting between President Trump and Dalai Lama is due since January 2017

Special Frontier Force – The Doctrine of Tibetan Resistance: The tools of Tibetan Resistance are 1. Patience, 2. Persistence, and 3. Perseverance. Man opposes the reign of force by standing firm or by working against the force without yielding. To oppose and to withstand a force, man needs the virtues of Temperance, Tolerance, and Tranquility to remain calm, unperturbed to maintain “Inner Peace” while reacting to an external force. The virtue of Perseverance triumphs for it preserves the “Inner Peace” while the external reality is described by Violence or War.

Special Frontier Force – China’s Military Threat: China’s Military Power, China’s Military Strategy, and China’s Military Tactics cannot overcome the Power of Perseverance, the Perseverance of Tibetan Resistance.

Hopeful of an early meeting between Trump, Dalai Lama: Lobsang Sangay | Central Tibetan Administration

Monday, December 19, 2016
11:26 PM

**Tibetan Resistance Movement Failed Because of Covert Actions. Living Tibetan Spirits Demand US-Tibet Direct Dialogue.**

Hopeful of an early meeting between Trump, Dalai Lama: Lobsang Sangay

December 19, 2016

Lobsang Sangay (left), the Prime Minister of Tibet’s government in exile with Tibet’s spiritual leader, The Dalai Lama. Photo: PTI
By Elizabeth Roche – Live Mint, 19 December 2016
Tibet’s PM-in-exile Lobsang Sangay says encouraged by Donald Trump’s stance on One China policy, remains hopeful of support to resolve Tibet issue peacefully
New Delhi: Lobsang Sangay, ‘prime minister’ of the Tibetan government in exile in India, says he is encouraged by US president elect Donald Trump’s recent statement that his administration does not need to be bound by the One China policy.
Sangay is also hopeful of an early meeting between Trump and the Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama. Sangay was of the view India should also make Tibet as issue for talks with China given that China already considers it a “core” issue with India. On the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama, Sangay said the institution of the Dalai Lama would not end but continue after the eventual passing of the 14th Dalai Lama. Edited excerpts from an interview.
The “Middle path” (autonomy for Tibet rather than independence) that the Dalai Lama and you have been advocating seems to be yielding no returns. Is there a chance of a rethink on this?
No. I think, if China grows strong and it’s growing stronger, China needs to think. If they really want to be respected in the international community, you have to earn that respect. And with all the money and military power you cannot buy or force respect, you have to earn it by demonstrating an action and solving the issue of Tibet will earn that respect for them. There is an argument on the Chinese side that if you are weak and you give concession, others will take advantage. Now they are strong. If they give concessions, they will be giving concession from the space of strength.
US president-elect Donald Trump recently said the new administration does not need to be bound by the One China policy. The context was with reference to Taiwan. But does this give you hope as well?
That was a very bold commentary coming from president-elect Donald Trump. We do think that boldness with substance is the right approach with the Chinese government. It looks now that his team has done research on Taiwan, that what he said was deliberate, after substantive research. Similarly, we would appreciate if he would also do something similar for Tibetan people. US presidents George W Bush and Barrack Obama have met his Holiness the Dalai Lama four times each. We remain hopeful that Donald Trump will support the Middle Way approach and meet His Holiness and strongly encourage that the envoys of His Holiness meet with Chinese envoys to resolve this issue of Tibet peacefully.
There have been no talks between the Tibetan envoys and China for six years now. What is it that you think will give an impetus to restart dialogue?
The Trump administration, the European Union, India, Japan, Australia—all governments must have a coordinated effort to press the Chinese government to solve the issue of Tibet peacefully. It should be a coordinated effort and consistent effort.
You were invited to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s swearing in ceremony (in May 2014). That was seen as a message to China. But then, the Modi government seemed to be making efforts to build a relationship with China. Now, irritants in the relationship have surfaced—China’s objections to India’s Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) membership being one. We now see clearance for His Holiness to visit Arunachal Pradesh in 2017. Do you see a consistent policy towards Tibet from the Indian government?
Recently, President of India, Pranab Mukherjee hosted the Dalai Lama. This is a bold gesture from the government of India which we really appreciate. The Indian government is formulating its policy towards China which is showing all the right trends. India has done the most for Tibet. The largest number of Tibetans are in India. The Tibetan government in exile is based in India. I can’t think of any other place where this could be based. But we always request and appeal that Tibet be treated as one of the core issues (of India with China). China already does that. India has the moral high ground to speak for Tibet.
His Holiness has said the institution of the Dalai Lama might end with him because of fears that the Chinese government will foist its own Dalai Lama onto the Tibetan people. At the same time, he has also said that the next Dalai Lama could be born outside Tibet—among the populations in exile. How do you see the future?
The institution of the Dalai Lama will not end. He is the 14th Dalai Lama. For 14 times the Tibetan people have asked him to come back and we will ask him again for the 15th time. When Tibetans asked him to come for 14 times, we had an independent country. Now when we are in exile and we are leading this freedom struggle, all the more reason that we have to ask him to come back. So he will come back.

2016 Central Tibetan Administration

Inserted from <http://tibet.net/2016/12/hopeful-of-an-early-meeting-between-trump-dalai-lama-lobsang-sangay/>

Special Frontier Force VS The Evil Red Empire – Red China .

The beginning of the Cold War in Asia in 1949 with the Communist takeover of mainland China.

Whole Celebration -Septuagenarian Celebrates 77th Anniversary of Indian Army Day

Septuagenarian at 77 celebrates 77th Anniversary of Indian Army Day

Bharat Darshan – The Indian Army Celebrates 77th Army Day on Wednesday, January 15, 2025 https://images.app.goo.gl/JajAcTTEabudXTiB9

https://www.youtube.com/live/Vg9-icXP5-c?si=cKOSGs6ZRZ783xFn

Every year, January 15 is commemorated as Army Day to mark the occasion when General (later Field Marshal) K M Cariappa took over the command of the Indian Army from General Sir F R R Bucher, the last British Commander-in-Chief, in 1949 and became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of Independent India. The theme for the 77th Army Day 2025 is ‘Samarth Bharat, Saksham Sena’ (Capable India, Empowered Army), reflecting the Indian Army’s commitment to national strength and defence capabilities.

Bharat Darshan. Indian Army celebrates 74th Army Day on Saturday, January 15, 2022. Lt Manisha Bohra of AOC Contingent gives a command during the full dress rehearsal for the Army Day Parade, at Army Parade Ground in New Delhi. (PTI Photo)

Bharat Darshan. Indian Army celebrates 74th Army Day on Saturday, January 15, 2022. Marching contingent of the Indian Army during the full dress rehearsal for the Army Day Parade, at Army Parade Ground in New Delhi. (PTI Photo)

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Bharat Darshan-The Indian Army Celebrates 74th Army Day on Friday, January 15, 2022. Field Marshal K. C. Cariappa, The First Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army, 1949

Even after the Independence, the Indian Army did not have an Indian chief; instead it was led by British Army officers. On January 15, 1949, then Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army General Sir Francis Butcher handed over the charge to then Lieutenant General KM Cariappa, giving Army its first Indian chief. A decorated Army officer, Field Marshal KM Cariappa spearheaded Indian forces during 1947 India-Pakistan war. The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army, Cariappa hailed from Karnataka. Born on December 1898, his career spanned over three decades. He is also one of the first two recipients of the title of Field Marshal of India, the second Field Marshal of India is Sam Manekshaw.

Army Day 2021: Why is January 15 Observed As Army Day? History, Significance — Rare photo of Field Marshal KM Cariappa (extreme right) and C Rajagopalachari, the last Governor-General of India. (Image: twitter.com/adgpi)

**Bharat Darshan-Indian Army Celebrates 74th Army Day on Saturday, January 15, 2022.**

Army Day is celebrated every year across the country on January 15.

The Indian Army’s theme for the year 2022, “In Stride with the Future”, is an acknowledgment of the increasingly critical role played by niche and disruptive technologies in modern warfare. The Indian Army confronts a plethora of security challenges, conventional and non-traditional, and is looking at Artificial Intelligence (AI), 5G, Robotics and Quantum Technology to find innovative solutions to these emerging challenges.

The Army Day celebrations commenced with the Wreath Laying Ceremony at the National War Memorial where the three Service Chiefs paid homage to the Bravehearts. In his message to all ranks of the Indian Army, the Chief of the Army Staff, General MM Naravane saluted the supreme sacrifice of all personnel who laid down their lives in the line of duty, reiterating his unstinted support to the Veer Naris and Next of Kin of the fallen soldiers. He assured the Nation that the Indian Army was operationally ready to deal with any adverse situation.

Bharat Darshan. Indian Army celebrates 74th Army Day on Saturday, January 15, 2022. Centurion Tank on display during the full dress rehearsal for the Army Day Parade, at the Army Parade Ground in New Delhi. (PTI Photo

Bharat Darshan. Indian Army celebrates 74th Army Day on Saturday, January 15, 2022. Army jawans display their war skills during the full dress rehearsal for the Army Day Parade, at Army Parade Ground in New Delhi. (PTI Photo)

Bharat Darshan. Indian Army celebrates 74th Army Day on Saturday, January 15, 2022. Akash Missile system on display during the full dress rehearsal for the Army Day Parade, at Army Parade Ground in New Delhi. (PTI Photo)

The Chief of the Army Staff reviewed the Army Day Parade at the Cariappa Parade Ground, Delhi Cantonment, and awarded 15 Sena Medals (including five posthumously) for individual acts of gallantry and 23 COAS Unit Citations to units for their commendable performance.

The Army Day Parade this year showcased the evolution of various weapon systems held in the Indian Army’s inventory. New and modern weapon systems and platforms were displayed alongside their old counterparts. Centurion tanks were followed by Arjun Main Battle Tanks and TOPAS was succeeded by the BMP-II. Similarly, pairs of the 75/24 Indian Field Gun and Dhanush, PMP/PMS and Sarvatra bridges, and Tiger Cat & Akash Surface to Air Missiles were also on display.

The parade also included International Sports awardees and seven marching contingents, including mounted horse cavalry. A song titled ‘Maati’, sung by famed singer Hariharan, dedicated to the Army and the Nation was exclusively released during the event.

The 72nd year Army day celebrations was different as a fourth-generation woman army officer spearheaded an all men contingent on January 15. Captain Bhavana Kasturi, marking a departure from the convention, led an all men contingent on Republic Day 2019. Army Day is celebrated to honour our brave soldiers who serve the country selflessly, sometimes, laying down their lives.

Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Bipin Rawat, Army chief General MM Naravane, Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Karambir Singh and Air Force chief Air Chief Marshal RKS Bhadauria laid wreaths remembering the brave martyrs on the occasion of the 73rd Army Day on Friday (January 15) at the National War Memorial in Delhi.
Tweeting from its official handle, the Indian army also paid tribute to the 100 martyrs who sacrificed their lives in 2020. “Army pays homage to the 100 battle casualties in the year 2020 on the Army Day today. These officers and jawans lost their lives in different operations including the Galwan valley clash in Eastern Ladakh on June 15,” the army’s tweet read.
Pic Courtesy: Twitter/@adgpi

Army Chief General MM Naravane takes salute before inspecting the parade on the occasion of the Army Day, at the Parade Ground in New Delhi. Paying homage to the 20 soldiers who lost their lives during India-China standoff, Army chief asserted that their “sacrifice won’t go in vain”.
Pic Courtesy: PTI

Army chief General Manoj Mukund Naravane will be chief guest at the Army Day celebrations this year. The parade will showcase various routines such as aerial stunts and bike pyramids.

On Army Day, the army chief takes the salute and inspects the parade led by the General Officer Commanding, HQs Delhi Area. The other two service chiefs also attend the parade every year and take salute. This year, the Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat will also attend the parade this year and take salute. General Rawat took charge as CDS on 31st December, 2019.

India shows its power at the Army Day parade. T-90 battle tanks of Indian Army displayed during the 73rd Army Day parade, at the Parade ground.
Pic Courtesy: PTI

Army soldiers display drone attack during the 73rd Army Day being celebrated at the Parade ground in New Delhi.
Pic Courtesy: PTI

Army Service Corps (ASC) Motorcycle Display Team ‘Tornadoes’ perform during the 73rd Army Day parade. The team members also performed various daredevil stunts at the parade.
Pic Courtesy: PTI

In view of the COVID-19 protocols, troops march wearing face masks during the Army Day parade.
Pic Courtesy: ANI

Bharat Darshan. The Indian Army Celebrates 73rd Army Day on Friday, January 15, 2021.

Last year, Captain Tania Shergill from the Corp of Signals lead an all men contingent on Army Day. Shergill was inducted in March 2017 from Officers Training Academy, Chennai. Her father and grandfather also served in the Indian Army.

Army Day 2020: Tania Shergil became the first woman parade adjutant in the 72nd Army Day Parade.

The main event takes place at Cariappa Parade Ground at Delhi Cantonment. The ceremony begins with Indian Army chief taking the salute. Soldiers are accorded Sena medals for their service to the nation. However, Army Day is observed at all Army Command headquarters across the country.

Indian Army soldiers take out a parade and arsenals are put on display. Last year, Army exhibited the BrahMos Missiles, BLT T-72 ‘Bharat Rakshak’ tank, Advanced Light Helicopters, and the 155mm Soltam Gun.

In 2020, 15 soldiers were decorated with gallantry awards while 18 battalions got unit citations. The military hardware which were showcased in the 2020 parade include infantry combat vehicle BMP-2K, K9 Vajra-T artillery guns, locally built Dhanush towed guns, T-90 main battle tanks and the short span bridging system.

Army Day 2020 Theme

The main focus of Army Day 2020 will be on the ‘Digital Transformation of Defense’.

**Bharat Darshan-The Indian Army Celebrates 72nd Army Day on January 15.**

Bharat Darshan. Indian Army celebrates 74th Army Day on Saturday, January 15, 2022.

This Septuagenarian has special reason to celebrate 70th Anniversary of Indian Army. On grant of Short Service Regular Commission in the rank of Lieutenant, I joined Indian Army Medical Corps on July 26, 1970. I measure the length of my lifetime using Anniversary Dates of Indian Army as yardstick.

ARMY DAY 2018, INDIAN ARMY DAY, ARMY DAY CELEBRATIONS IN INDIA

Clipped from: http://www.festivalsofindia.in/army_day/

Indian Army Day marks a day to salute the valiant soldiers who sacrificed their lives to protect our country and the people living in it. The day is celebrated on January 15^th every year. On this day in 1948, Lieutenant General K. M. Cariappa became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief.

Army played equally important role as the other freedom fighters in instilling democratization in India. General Kodandera Madappa Cariappa shared a good bonding with both natives and Britishers and then succeeded General Roy Butcher of British Army to become the first Indian Commander in Chief of the democratic India.

The Indian Army fights adversities on borders as well as with natural calamities. The Army works with true dedication and spirit of the motto ‘fight to win.’

The Army Day celebrated on 15th January 2018 will be the 70th Anniversary of Indian Army. The Army re-dedicates itself to become a part of the ‘War Winning Team’ on this day. The day begins with paying homage to the martyred soldiers at the Amar Jawan Jyoti at the India Gate, New Delhi. Parades and many military shows which features the technology and achievements in Army are held at the Delhi Cantonment. Unit credentials and Sena Medals were also presented for gallantry on the occasion every year.

**Whole Celebration -Septuagenarian Celebrates 77th Anniversary of Indian Army Day**

Whole Compassion – Heavenly Compassion will strike down the Mighty Evil Empire

Trouble in Tibet – Have Hope – Compassion Will Strike Evil Red Empire

Lady Gaga’s meeting the Dalai Lama at the U.S. Conference of Mayors in Indianapolis set off a “firestorm” in China. She spoke to the Dalai Lama about role of Hope and Compassion in changing World Affairs. “Hope is essential to keep the World going.” I ask my readers to keep their ‘Hope’ alive for Compassion will strike Evil Red Empire. Beijing is Doomed.

**Trouble in Tibet – Have Hope – Compassion Will Strike Evil Red Empire. Hope Will Keep World Going. Lady Gaga Meets the Dalai Lama.**

Lady Gaga’s Chinese Fans are Not Happy She Met the Dalai Lama

Christine Rousselle

Posted: Jun 28, 2016 1:15 PM

**Trouble in Tibet – Have Hope – Compassion Will Strike Evil Red Empire. Lady Gaga and the Dalai Lama talk about Hope and Compassion. Beijing is Doomed.**

Singer Lady Gaga has set off a bit of a firestorm in China after she posted a picture on Instagram of herself and the Dalai Lama. Lady Gaga, whose birth name is Stefani Germanotta, spoke with the Dalai Lama on the topics of hope and kindness at the U.S. Conference of Mayors in Indianapolis.

“Hope is essential to keep the world going.” – His Holiness the Dalai Lama #withcompassion #usmc2016 #kindyouth
A photo posted by Lady Gaga (@ladygaga) on Jun 26, 2016 at 7:30am PDT

Over in China, however, people were not so thrilled. The singer has reportedly been banned from the country, but government officials are being relatively mum on this. If her music is actually banned, she’d hardly be the first musician to be prohibited from entering China.

Following Lady Gaga’s meeting, the Communist party’s mysterious propaganda department issued “an important instruction” banning her entire repertoire from mainland China, Hong Kong’s pro-democracy newspaper Apple Daily reported on Monday.

Chinese websites and media organisations were ordered to stop uploading or distributing her songs in a sign of Beijing’s irritation, the newspaper said.
The propaganda department also issued orders for party-controlled news outlets such as state broadcaster CCTV and newspapers the People’s Daily and the Global Times to condemn the meeting.

Additionally, Lady Gaga’s angered Chinese fans spammed her Instagram account and posted on the Chinese social network Weibo commenting that they would no longer listen to her music as they were furious at her. Others said that Lady Gaga’s meeting with the Dalai Lama “hurts a lot” and that they were disappointed with the singer.
The Dalai Lama has been exiled from China since 1959. Lady Gaga has never performed on the Chinese mainland, but has done concerts in both Hong Kong and Macau.

Townhall.com is the leading source for conservative news and political commentary and analysis.
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**Trouble in Tibet – Have Hope – Compassion Will Strike Evil Red Empire. Book of Revelation, Chapter 18. Beijing is Doomed.**

**Trouble in Tibet – Have Hope – Compassion Will Strike Evil Red Empire. Beijing is Doomed.**

Trouble in Tibet - Have Hope - Compassion Will Strike Evil Red Empire. — **Trouble in Tibet – Have Hope – Compassion Will Strike Evil Red Empire.**

Whole Tyrant – Red China strangles Human Rights at Home and Abroad

COMMUNIST CHINA STRANGLES HUMAN RIGHTS AT HOME AND ABROAD

**Whole Tyrant – Red China strangles Human Rights at Home and Abroad**

The spread of Communism to mainland China compromised prospects of Freedom, Democracy, Peace, and Human Rights both inside China and in her occupied territories of Tibet, Inner Mongolia, and East Turkestan.

CHINA’S MANIPULATION OF UN HUMAN RIGHTS EFFORTS MUST BE STOPPED

Clipped from: http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2017/09/12/chinas-campaign-to-smother-human-rights-efforts-at-un-needs-to-be-stopped.html

SOPHIE RICHARDSON, HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH

Chinese President Xi Jinping speaks during the opening ceremony of the BRICS Business Forum at the Xiamen International Conference and Exhibition Center in Xiamen in southeastern China’s Fujian Province, Sunday, Sept. 3, 2017. (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein)

China’s growing appetite for global power isn’t hard to spot: military muscle-flexing in the South China Sea, the trillion-dollar New Silk Road development initiative, even its proliferation of Confucius Institutes, academic outposts to spread its version of history and politics.

What’s less easy to see is that worsening human rights violations at home are increasingly reflected in Beijing’s diplomatic agenda to undermine human rights protections abroad, including at the United Nations.

The U.N. human rights system exists to protect people whose own governments cannot or will not do that for them. The system has many shortcomings, but even so it is a vital international forum for monitoring nations’ compliance with their human rights obligations, where critical independent voices can be heard and violators at times held accountable—or at least spotlighted.

For activists who work on China human rights issues, this venue is all the more important because the country’s president, Xi Jinping, has steadily strangled domestic options for obtaining justice through the courts and engaging in peaceful dissent.

Chinese authorities have prevented mainland activists from reaching the U.N. Human Rights Council in Geneva and harassed them at U.N. headquarters in New York. Chinese officials in Geneva have even threatened foreign diplomats and UN. human rights experts who support scrutiny of Beijing’s record.

As a new Human Rights Watch report exposes, President Xi’s government is working hard to weaken these U.N. mechanisms. Chinese authorities have prevented mainland activists from reaching the U.N. Human Rights Council in Geneva and harassed them at U.N. headquarters in New York. Chinese officials in Geneva have even threatened foreign diplomats and U.N. human rights experts who support scrutiny of Beijing’s record.

Reflecting its hostility to human rights monitoring generally, China has also blocked U.N. resolutions supporting human rights defenders globally—thus undermining protections for rights groups who do not even work on China.

Beijing is also trying to manipulate U.N. mechanisms to impose its political views on others. China—along with other countries hostile to human rights—sits on the U.N. committee that grants civil society groups accreditation needed to participate in U.N. meetings. Applicants have been told that getting approval means deleting from their organizations’ materials any reference to 2010 Nobel Peace Prize winner Liu Xiaobo. Any references to Taiwan or Tibet must reflect Beijing’s view that those territories are part of China.

China has jailed activists who wanted to participate in U.N. activities, and even blocked a commemoration of one who died trying to do so.

In September 2013, Chinese authorities detained Cao Shunli, a Beijing-based activist, prior to boarding a flight for Geneva, where she was going to participate in China-related U.N. training sessions. While in detention Cao fell critically ill, but the authorities denied her adequate medical care. She died in March 2014.

At the next session of the U.N. Human Rights Council, nongovernmental organizations sought to hold a moment of silence in her honor, but China coolly and cruelly succeeded in getting enough other Council members—including Cuba, Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela– to prevent the gesture.

U.N. officials have at times rejected Chinese efforts at intimidation and ensured that independent voices are heard. Yet on other occasions they either fail to stand firm—allowing, for example, China to dictate that experts seen as critical of China not sit on key committees—or, worse, are complicit in abuses.

In April 2017, U.N. security officers forced Dolkun Isa, an accredited activist for China’s persecuted Uyghurs, to leave the New York headquarters, where he was participating in a conference on minority rights. When challenged about this incident, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said he was “fully aware of the situation,” but failed to offer any explanation or plan of action to change things.

To be sure, China isn’t the only government that seeks to manipulate the U.N. human rights system for its own benefit. But Beijing’s global power, ambitions, and its status as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council make it a sinister role model for other authoritarian governments.

China’s ability to block human rights initiatives is not absolute. The U.N. remains a high profile venue for countries intent on promoting human rights and for working to hold abusive governments to account. In March 2016, for example, the United States and 11 other countries issued an unprecedented joint statement condemning China’s arrest of human rights activists and attorneys.

Nonetheless, the trend is moving in the wrong direction. As Human Rights Watch’s research has shown, unless the U.N., with help from rights-respecting governments, pushes back by insisting on compliance with established human rights practices, adopting new ones to prevent future abuses, and holding China and other bad-faith players accountable, the integrity of the vulnerable U.N. human rights system—and the people around the world it helps to protect—are at grave risk.

Sophie Richardson is China director at Human Rights Watch. Follow her on Twitter at @SophieHRW.

Whole Consciousness – Tibetan Human Rights

Tibet Consciousness – World Human Rights Day

To celebrate observance of World Human Rights Day on December 10, 2024, I speak about Tibet’s yoking with Red China. This yoking, coming together, or joining of Red China with Tibet speaks of Subjection, Bondage, Servitude, Enslavement, Hardship, Burden, Trouble, Pain, Suffering, Sorrow, and Misery. Tibetans resist this burden imposed upon their Natural Freedom. Tibet is under Control, and Tibet is Subdued under burden imposed by Red China’s Yoke. We need to help Tibet to resist Subservience to Red China.

**TIBET AWARENESS – FULL INDEPENDENCE INEVITABLE. RED CHINA’S POLICY OF RULING TIBET WITH IRON FIST IS DOOMED.**

TIBET POST INTERNATIONAL

Tibet: News WHAT PERCEIVED IN TIBET WAS A SMALL REALITY: GERMAN RIGHTS CHIEF

Saturday, 05 December 2015 20:46 Yeshe Choesang, Tibet Post International

**TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – WORLD HUMAN RIGHTS DAY, DECEMBER 10, 2015. Red China and Germany hold the 13th Human Rights Dialogue in Beijing on November 24, 2015.**

Dharamshala — German Human Rights Commissioner Mr Christoph Straesser who has led a delegation to Tibet, said what his delegation perceived was surely only a small part of reality in Tibet.

Straesser’s comment came after Beijing said China and Germany held “candid” and “in-depth” talks during their 13th Human Rights Dialogue in Beijing.

During an interview with German newspaper Deutsche Welle, Mr Straesser rebuked the Chinese government for showing an ‘incorrect perception of reality’ during his recent visit to China and Tibet as part of the EU-China human rights dialogue.

The Chinese State-Run Media Xinhua reported on November 25 that the dialogue was attended by top officials of the CCP, holding that the “dialogue was candid, comprehensive and deep and promoted mutual understanding.”

“Both sides exchanged views on new progress and cooperation in human rights area, human rights and environmental protection, social integration and human rights and other issues,” it claimed.

However, responding to a question on the freedom of religion and language in Tibet, Straesser said: “What we perceived was surely only a small part of reality in this region.”

“But given the decades-long discussions held in Germany, there is also the impression that Dalai Lama supporters aren’t allowed to freely practice their religion given that the Dalai Lama is seen in China as someone who is allegedly seeking state autonomy for Tibet.”
“His supporters are in constant danger of having their rights infringed because of their affiliation. This also leads to more arrests and very unpleasant situations for these people,” he added.

Describing the current situation in Tibet as a clear violation of the right to religious freedom, he said, ” However, we must take into account that only through persistent dialogue can we achieve that the Chinese government views the Dalai Lama as someone who is not seeking to divide the country.”

“We also have to point to the fact that the Dalai Lama is also seen in our region – when he comes to Germany – as a religious leader and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate who says he has no intention whatsoever of disentangling Tibet from the People’s Republic of China,” he said.

The German Human Rights Commissioner also discussed the issue of political prisoners and other Chinese dissidents including the case of Gao Yu, an outspoken former journalist who was granted medical parole after she was sentenced to seven years in prison in April 2015.

The Germany delegation paid a visit to Tibet. Beijing said it “hopes the tour will help the German side get a correct and objective understanding of the region.”

Last Updated ( Saturday, 05 December 2015 21:10 )

COPYRIGHT©2013TPINEWS. All rights reserved.
Unless otherwise indicated, all materials on these pages are copyrighted
by The Tibet Post International.

TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – TIBET CLIMATE ACTION. DEMANDING FREEDOM, PEACE, AND JUSTICE FOR TIBET.

**Tibet Consciousness- World Human Rights Day, December 10, 2015.**

**Tibet Consciousness – Human Rights Day, December 10, 2015.**

Whole Awareness – Tibetan Human Rights

Tibet Awareness on World Human Rights Day

Whole Right – Old Age Monthly Retirement Income Benefit is a Human Right

OLD AGE MONTHLY RETIREMENT INCOME BENEFIT IS A HUMAN RIGHT

At the Headquarters Establishment No. 22 also known as Special Frontier Force, I served to defend the Human Rights of men who are neither citizens nor refugees of the United States which employed us. For that reason, I examine the Human Rights of workers who work in the United States without being citizens or refugees.

The most important characteristic of Labor is that it consumes time while the man performing Labor experiences the relentless aging process without any concern for his nationality status. Providing income security in Old Age is a humanitarian concern for it defends the human dignity of all people who suffer from the inevitable consequences of the eternal Law of Aging.

Having served the US exposing my life to extreme risk of premature death, I must expose ‘The Clinton Curse’ that endangers the lives of all the US residents irrespective of their Nationality Status.

President Bill Clinton’s Slavery Mandate of 1996 constitutes disobedience of LORD’s Commandment to choose Life and to avoid the danger of eternal Death.

SENIOR ALIEN IN US GULAG VS SENIOR IN OCCUPIED TIBET

Undocumented immigrants pay billions of dollars in federal taxes each year

Clipped from: https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/taxes/undocumented-immigrants-pay-billions-of-dollars-in-federal-taxes-each-year/ar-AAvQsR4?li=BBnb7Kz&ocid=BHEA000

One of the biggest misconceptions about undocumented immigrants is that they don’t pay any taxes. In his first address to Congress, President Trump set the tone for his coming immigration agenda when he said immigration costs US taxpayers “billions of dollars a year.”

A 2017 Gallup poll that asked survey respondents “whether immigrants to the United States are making the [tax] situation in the country better or worse” found that 41 percent said, “worse,” while only 23 percent said “better” (33 percent said they had “no effect”).

The reality is far different. Immigrants who are authorized to work in the United States pay the same taxes as US citizens. And, contrary to the persistent myth, undocumented immigrants do in fact pay taxes too. Millions of undocumented immigrants file tax returns each year, and they are paying taxes for benefits they can’t even use.

The best estimates come from research by the Institute of Taxation and Economic Policy, a Washington, DC, think tank, which suggests that about half of undocumented workers in the United States file income tax returns. The most recent IRS data, from 2015, shows that the agency received 4.4 million income tax returns from workers who don’t have Social Security numbers, which includes a large number of undocumented immigrants. That year, they paid $23.6 billion in income taxes.

· Those undocumented workers paid taxes for benefits they can’t even use, like Social Security and Medicare. They also aren’t eligible for benefits like the earned income tax credit. But the IRS still expects unauthorized immigrants to file their taxes, and many of them do so.

Filing taxes helps immigrants create a paper trail to show when they entered the country and how long they’ve been contributing tax dollars. Many are hoping it will help them get legal status one day. That has happened in past reform efforts, and one of the first requirements is usually to prove that a person has been paying taxes. That was the case for the undocumented youth granted temporary work permits under President Obama’s deportation relief program, known as DACA.

· So, despite all the political rhetoric, undocumented immigrants are not a drain or burden on the government.

How unauthorized immigrants pay their taxes

In April 2017, I visited Casa de Maryland in Rockville, Maryland, which hosts two federally subsidized centers where low-income workers can file their taxes for free. That year, they had helped about 200 undocumented immigrants file their taxes, and many were waiting in line with their paperwork when I stopped by.

I watched tax preparer Earvin Gonzalez go through the process of helping undocumented immigrants file their taxes. Maria, whose last name is being withheld because of her immigration status, handed him a folder with tax documents from two jobs. Her W-2 showed that a housecleaning company paid her $17,288 in 2015.

As Gonzalez filled out her information in a computer software program, a green box popped up on the computer screen: “Taxpayer’s Social Security number is not valid.”

· That wasn’t a surprise. The 36-year-old woman from El Salvador is undocumented, and she told me that she made up the Social Security number on the W-2 form because she doesn’t have one. Her employer never asked for identification to verify it, she says. Instead, she has an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN), created by the IRS in 1996 so people who aren’t allowed to work in the United States could still file taxes on any income they earned. (The IRS does not share ITIN information with immigration authorities.)

Maria said she applied for an ITIN number shortly after arriving illegally in the United States from El Salvador in 2009. People told her that having a record of paying taxes would help her with her case to gain legal status if immigration reform happened.

Comprehensive immigration reform failed in Congress, but Maria is still paying her taxes every year. “I think it’s important, and all my relatives pay their taxes too,” she told me.

· Last year, her tax documents also included two 1099 forms, for her second job as a contractor.

“What kind of jobs were these?” Gonzalez asked her in Spanish.

“After cleaning houses, I would go lay concrete in parking lots,” she said.

Those two jobs brought in a total of $24,845 last year, and Maria still needed to pay taxes on that income. Gonzalez entered some deductions, such as the $1,500 she spent on equipment to pour and level concrete and the 12,000 miles she drove between job sites. Maria, who is a single mom, claimed two dependents: her 16-year-old son and 13-year-old daughter. With her ITIN number, she was able to claim child tax credits, but not the earned income tax credit, the major federal tax credit for low-income working families.

· In the end, Maria owed $1,131 in income taxes to the state of Maryland and $775 to the federal government. She said she had some money saved up because she knew she would have a tax bill at the end of the year from the contracting jobs. But she said she will probably get on a payment plan with the IRS. If Maria had qualified for the earned income tax credit, her tax bill would probably have been about $500 lower.

Unauthorized immigrants boost funding for the Social Security system

It’s true that not all undocumented immigrants pay federal income taxes, because the government has no way to keep track of their under-the-table earnings. The IRS can withhold taxes from those hired with fake Social Security numbers, but workers who get paid in cash could simply choose not to report it, unless they voluntarily file a return with an ITIN number.

Still, all undocumented workers fund public schools and local government services by paying sales and property taxes like everyone else. The Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy estimates that they pay about $11.7 billion a year in state and local taxes.

And workers who get a paycheck, like Maria, still have payroll taxes for Medicare and Social Security withheld from their paycheck, even if they put a fake Social Security number on their W-2 form. The IRS estimates that unauthorized workers pay about $9 billion in payroll taxes annually.

In Maria’s case, the W-2 form showed that she paid $1,072 into Social Security and $251 into Medicare, two social safety net programs she may never benefit from.

A portion of the payroll tax withheld from undocumented immigrants — like all workers — goes to the retirement trust fund at the Social Security Administration. In 2013, the agency reviewed how much money undocumented workers contributed to the retirement trust fund. The number was astonishing: $13 billion in one year.

The chief actuary of the Social Security Administration, Stephen Goss, estimates that about 1.8 million immigrants were working with fake or stolen Social Security cards in 2010, and he expects that number to reach 3.4 million by 2040.

“We estimate that earnings by unauthorized immigrants result in a net positive effect on Social Security financial status generally,” Goss concluded in the 2013 review.

These numbers are a stark contrast to the often repeated rhetoric that undocumented immigrants are a drain on the US economy. Even most Americans seem to think so — in a 2014 Reuters poll, 63 percent of people surveyed said they believe undocumented immigrants burdened the economy.

Emiliano, a 57-year-old undocumented day laborer from Honduras, told me that he knows many people assume he doesn’t pay his taxes. He doesn’t care. He just hopes one day it will help him get legal status.

When I told him the chances don’t look good under the Trump administration, he shrugged.

“You have to have hope in something,” he said.

Whole Memory – The ancient Land of India remembers Lord Gautama Buddha

Timeless Memories of Lord Gautama Buddha

**Whole Memory – The ancient Land of India remembers Lord Gautama Buddha**

The memories of Lord Gautama Buddha are indeed timeless. The Land of India has unfading, undying, everlasting memory of Prince Siddhartha and it is of great pleasure to share those memories.

Sunday, 26 Jul 2015

IN SKARDU, SIDDHARTHA SINGS ON

The rock carving of Buddha in Baltistan serves as a window into the past

By FERYA ILYAS

Published: July 26, 2015

Images of Buddha in his different forms meticulously carved on a rock in Skardu. PHOTO COURTESY: BCDF

Centuries have passed since Buddhists disappeared from Gilgit-Baltistan (G-B), but Buddha still watches over the serene town of Skardu from the corner of a cliff. Immortalised in stone, the sage continues to radiate wisdom for those who seek. But sadly, there are none.

Resting at the edge of Manthal village on the left of a stream from Satpara Lake, the granite – known as the Buddha Rock – is pale and smooth. Believed to be carved between 8th and 10th centuries, the relic represents the glory of the past, of a time when men and women meditated in the footsteps of the ‘One Who Woke Up’.

It has the makings of a heritage site – bearing testimony to a tradition which has disappeared. Its significance goes beyond nationalities. Yet, it sits at the border of Manthal village, ignored and forgotten by the world.

The serene and spotless Satpara Lake in Skardu. PHOTO COURTESY: MARYAM TARIQ

It is widely believed in Pakistan that the rock was not known to most until British traveler Jane E Duncan documented it in the early 1900s. “I went to Sadpor in search of the carved rock which Rajah Spindia at Khapallu had told me about; three miles and a half from Skardo, and a few yards off the road to Sadpor, we came to the rock, which proved to be a large and important relic of antiquity,” Duncan wrote in her book ‘A Summer Ride Through Western Tibet’ about the 1904 trip to Skardu.

Wazir Ejaz, CEO of Baltistan Culture and Development Foundation (BCDF), tells us that Duncan―failing to understand the Tibetan inscription on the rock―copied it and sent it to German scholar August Hermann Francke who was working in Ladakh. “Francke deciphered the script in English and published it in Calcutta and the world came to know about this magnificent carving,” Ejaz says.

However, British Tibetologist Philip Denwood, in his 2007 article for Journal of Inner Asian Art & Archaeology 2, said the rock carvings and Tibetan inscriptions were noticed by GT Vigne and reproduced in 1836 and 1838. Denwood further wrote AGA Durand published a photograph of the whole rock in 1899.

Shedding light on the ancient relief, historian Muhammad Abbas Kazmi says the carving and Tibetan inscriptions were made on a 30-foot high and 20-foot wide triangle-shaped rock. “The carving depicts present time Buddha—Siddhārtha Gautama—in the centre, 20 smaller Buddhas of the past around him and future Buddhas – Maitreya – standing on both sides,” Kazmi interprets. He claims that in Buddhist tradition, the ‘Council of all Buddhas’ as represented in the carving is called ‘Mandal’ – a word from which the village’s name is derived.

Tibetan text engraved on Buddha Rock.

All the Buddhas, except the Maitreyas, are shown resting on lotuses in Bhumisparsha position which means ‘touching the earth’ and signifies the moment of enlightenment for Gautama. It is the moment when Buddha, after six years of hardship, decides to sit under a tree and not move until he achieves supreme and final wisdom. He is distracted by Mara, the lord of desire, but to no use. Gautama resisted every temptation and as the final test, Mara challenged Buddha to tell him who would bear witness to his worthiness to attain wisdom. Gautama said nothing and touched the ground beneath him. The earth shook. “The earth is my witness,” Buddha said.

The Tibetan script on the Buddha Rock, though incomplete at many places, instructs the followers of Gautama to take care of this sculpture. “The faithful ones (should) from time to time (make the colours of the sculptures) bright, and clean the place of offering that it may not decay,” says the text, as translated by Franke in the 20th century. Kazmi says only one of the three-part text is visible today but the entire script—with only a few characters missing—was on the rock when Duncan examined it.

In her book, Duncan wrote that she submitted copies of the inscription to several Buddhist scholars in London and Paris but because of the missing characters, none could give a rendering. “I wrote to Mr Francke telling him of my difficulty in getting a good translation, and he immediately sent a competent Tibetan from Khalatse to Sadpor to make new copies and this man was able to fill up many of my blank spaces, as he recognised numerous letters which had been partly destroyed,” the British traveler wrote, expressing amusement over the Tibetan charging just Rs12 for his long and fatiguing journey to the rock and back and his trouble in making the copies.

Francke, who translated the ancient text, said that “judging from the orthography employed, the writing is as old as those at Balu-mkhar, dating from not later than 1000 AD and, imperfect as they are, are of great philological and antiquarian interest; they all seem to refer to the sculptures on the rock.” He added, “Line No 8 in the third of them seems to indicate that the sculptures of Buddha are much older than the inscriptions themselves.”

Present time Buddha, Siddhãrtha Gautama, craved in the middle of the rock.

Duncan, in her travelogue, wrote that the hole was used to hold light. “At the top of the rock above the Buddha’s head there is a square hole, which the chowkidar, who acted as my guide, said was used for holding a light, and the stone round it looks smoke-blackened,” she wrote.A prominent feature of the relic is a square cube cut out at the top of the stone. Last summer, when I arrived here, I saw visitors aiming to throw pebbles inside the hollow boxy space in fulfillment of a myth that praying and then throwing a stone inside the cube successfully will make a wish come true—a local spin on European wishing wells and lovers’ locks.

Historian Kazmi, however, says the space was probably used to hold a beam with support from both sides of the stone to carry a roof. “The square recess and cuts on the edges very clearly indicate that in the beginning there was a canopy over the rock-face of the carving to protect it from weather effects,” he explains. Buddhism specialist Dr Christian Luczanits concurs, pointing out that the images were probably painted originally and the roof had protected the paintings.

A copy of a portion of Tibetan text engraved on Buddha Rock. SOURCE: JANE E DUNCAN’S A SUMMER RIDE THROUGH WESTERN TIBET

The exact purpose may remain a mystery for years to come or maybe even be lost forever if the relic is not protected from wear and tear caused by nature and humans. “The sculpture should have been declared a heritage site by UNESCO long ago, but the government and BCDF have failed to make efforts to preserve the eroding piece of history,” Kazmi says, pleading to authorities to pay attention to the relic.

Pakistan, which hosts six world heritage sites, has failed to even mention the Buddha Rock in its Tentative List from which the UN body picks places of ‘special cultural or physical significance’. The last inventory was complied in 2004 in which ten nominations were made in addition to 1993’s eight recommendations. And as per the rules, Pakistan can re-examine the list at least every ten years.

Ejaz says the BCDF―which has Buddha Rock on lease for 90 years―considered recommending it to UNESCO for a heritage site as well as for one of its awards, but did not do so because the relic does not fulfill their criteria.

Dr Luczanits sees this rock carving as part of a larger group of Buddhist relics in the region, which he recommends to be declared a heritage site together. “What is more important is to create awareness locally to ensure protection of the site as part of the heritage,” the Buddhism expert says. And BCDF’s chief Ejaz tells us that for this purpose, his organisation has constructed a boundary wall around the rock and deployed a security guard to facilitate tourists. “The BCDF has also constructed a tourist hut nearby in collaboration with the government’s tourism department and submitted proposals to different donor agencies to preserve its writings and images,” adds Ejaz.

Crystal clear Satpara Lake.

Protection of the site is crucial for preserving history as many believe this place was important for the spread of Buddhism in the area and served as a pilgrimage site for worshippers from far and wide. However, there is no concrete evidence to prove the exact use of the place.

“Such rock carvings are usually at spots that are widely visible and thus serve as a reminder of Buddhism in general, besides having a more specific local ritual function that we cannot reconstruct today anymore, except for its latest use like recorded by Ms Duncan for the square recess on Buddha Rock,” Dr Luczanits tells us.
The real story behind the stone may never unravel, but Kazmi vouches for the uniqueness of the carving. “Nowhere in the Buddhist world has anyone seen the depiction of all Buddhas in such a magnificent style,” he claims to point out the importance of Baltistan, and Skardu in particular, in the Buddhist history of the region. “Even in Lhasa, China—which has been the center of Mahayana Buddhism and the seat of Buddhist kings and fourteen Dalai Lamas—such a glorious picture has not been carved,” he says with a hint of pride.
Buddhism expert Dr Luczanits says the relief is part of a larger group all along the southern edge of the western Himalayas where rocks were used to depict Buddhist imagery. “The one in Skardu is unique in its composition, high quality carving and the number of Buddhas depicted; the carving emphasises the cosmic quality of the Buddha through the repetition of his image around him,” he says.

An older image showing the entrance to the historic site. The barbed-wire boundary has now been replaced with a concrete wall.

Baltistan was the land of Shamanism until Buddhism arrived in the 4th Century with the monks from Northern India, well before it entered Ladakh and Tibet. Many monasteries were built during the Palolashahi kingdom that ruled the area and the religion continued to flourish after the Tibetan conquest of the region in the second quarter of the 8th Century.
In the 14th Century, Ali Hamadani and his followers arrived from Iran and changed the landscape forever. Locals embraced Islam and Buddhism vanished from their daily lives. The places of worship fell into despair due to no visitors and because the preachers of the new religion called for shunning the past. “By the 15th Century, no Buddhist was left in Baltistan and the Muslim population wreaked havoc on the Buddhist legacy, destroying religious buildings and monuments,” claims Kazmi, adding that many dug out the foundations of religious sites in search of wealth believed to be buried by Buddhist kings and lamas. More recently, in 2007 the Taliban in Swat defaced the biggest Buddha sculpture in the world, second only to the monumental statues in Bamiyan, Afghanistan, which were destroyed in 2001 by the Afghan Taliban.

‘The Little Tibet’ and its Buddhist heritage disappeared over time, but what mysteriously survived was the Buddha Rock among a handful of artifacts. “In the midst of a purely Mohammedan population, these monuments have been allowed to remain intact except for the partial defacement of the inscriptions, while over the rest of the country every trace of its ancient religion appears to have been destroyed,” Duncan wrote in surprise.

Dr Luczanits says it is not uncommon that such rock carvings were either ignored once the religion changed or reinterpreted to attain a new meaning for the locals.
In this case it appears, Buddha was simply left in peace.

Ferya Ilyas is a senior subeditor at The Express Tribune. She tweets @ferya_ilyas

Whole Trouble – Military Occupation Compromises Freedom of Religion in Tibet

Trouble in Tibet – No Freedom of Religion in Occupied Tibet

**Whole Trouble – Military Occupation Compromises Freedom of Religion in Tibet**

Taiwan urged Tibetan Prime Minister and Uighur activist not to seek visas to visit Taipei to attend a forum on Religious Freedom as their presence may offend Red China. My concern is not about Taiwan’s sense of Fear. My concern is about lack of Freedom in Occupied Tibet.

Taiwan urges Tibetan exile leader and Uighur activist to stay away, supporters say

**TROUBLE IN TIBET – NO FREEDOM OF RELIGION. SIKYONG, PRIME MINISTER LOBSANG SANGAY WITH US UNDERSECRETARY OF STATE SARAH SEWALL AT KANGRA AIRPORT.**

Lobsang Sangay, prime minister of Tibet’s government in exile, walks with Sarah Sewall, U.S. undersecretary of State for civilian security, democracy and human rights, during a meeting in Dharmsala, India, on Jan. 15.

(Ashwini Bhatia / Associated Press)

Ralph Jennings

Taiwanese authorities asked a close ally of the Dalai Lama, as well as a U.S.-based activist for China’s Uighur minority, not to attend a forum on religious freedom in Taipei this week because their presence might irritate mainland China’s Communist leaders, the event’s sponsors say.

U.S.-based representatives of Taiwan’s government persuaded Uighur activist Rebiya Kadeer and Lobsang Sangay, prime minister of Tibet’s Buddhist government in exile in India, not to apply for visas in December, said Bob Fu, the founder of China Aid, an American nonprofit that is co-sponsoring the forum.

“To talk about China’s religious freedom situation, if you don’t mention the Tibetan and Uighur minorities, a discussion of religious freedoms is incomplete,” Fu said from the forum in Taipei, which opened Thursday with 99 participants from 26 countries. “The whole application process feels political.”

Beijing regards representatives of the Tibetan government in exile and Kadeer as separatists, and routinely pressures other countries not to host or meet with them.

Taiwan’s Foreign Ministry and immigration agency said they had no information about what their offices in the United States might have told potential visa applicants. “We have no way to comment; all we do is process the visas,” a National Immigration Agency spokesperson said.

Though Tibet and the Uighur homeland of Xinjiang are under control of mainland Chinese authorities, Taiwan has had de facto independence from mainland China since 1949. But Beijing still claims sovereignty over the island. The commonalities among these three contested regions have sparked significant interest in Taiwan about figures such as Kadeer and Sangay.

But outgoing Taiwanese President Ma Ying-jeou, who is leaving office in May after eight years, has tried to foster closer ties with Beijing after six decades of icy hostilities.
The Dalai Lama retired as head of the Tibetan government in exile in 2011, giving up leadership to the democratically elected Sangay. The Dalai Lama abandoned calls for Tibetan independence in 1979, embracing instead a “middle way” in which Tibetans would enjoy autonomy and freedom of religion and speech under Chinese rule.

Kadeer, meanwhile, has taken a similar stance, speaking out on human rights issues in Xinjiang and campaigning for self-determination for the largely Muslim region.
Many Uighurs and Tibetans say Chinese officials restrict their religious practices as well as their language and customs.

In early February, a foundation in Taipei representing the Dalai Lama said it too was told by Taiwanese officials that Sangay should avoid this week’s forum.
“Taiwan is in a tough spot because of pressure from China, that’s the reason,” said Bari Dawa Tsering, director of the Religious Foundation of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. He declined to say which agency gave the word.

“Of course we hoped Sangay could do this. But Taiwan is small and right next to China, so their stance is not to add any new trouble,” he said.
Shortly after Ma took office, the Dalai Lama visited Taiwan in 2009 to console survivors of a typhoon that sparked serious mudslides and killed about 700 people. China warned Taiwan then that the visit could damage relations, but the two sides put the matter behind them on the way to signing a series of landmark economic pacts.
Kadeer was invited to Taiwan later that year by a musician but denied entry.

This time, Kadeer was rejected along with Dolkun Isa, a Uighur activist who escaped China in 1997 and is now a German citizen.
Ma’s Nationalist Party administration “fears that to let Dolkun Isa and Rebiya Kadeer enter Taiwan will affect the understanding it has reached with Beijing,” Dilxat Rexit, a spokesman for the World Uyghur Congress, said Friday.

Ma’s Nationalist Party roundly lost elections in January, and in May he will be replaced by Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party.
“Beijing’s adding of pressure has had the result of refusing them entry, and proves that Taiwan’s policy depends on Beijing’s complexion,” he added. “I hope in the future the Democratic Progressive Party government can reject Beijing.”

Jennings is a special correspondent.

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