Tibet Never Part of China – Page 2 – Whole Dude

Whole Trip – The Revelation of True Tibetan Identity

My Dream Trip to Mount Everest gives testimony about True Tibetan Identity

The Supreme Ruler of Tibet cannot be chosen by any foreign government.

Whole Dude – Whole Trip: **The Living Tibetan Spirits Make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest.**

In my Dream Trip to Mount Everest or Qomolangma, the mighty mountain gives me testimony in support of true Tibetan Identity. Mount Everest proclaims that Tibet is never a part of China.

**Whole Dude – Whole Trip: Mount Everest or Qomolangma is my mighty witness testifying in support of true Tibetan Identity. Mount Everest proclaims that Tibet is never a part of China.**

As my miserable mortal life journey crawls towards its end without giving me any clue about my destination, I can only afford to make a dream trip to Mount Everest. I give my thanks to photographer Bruce Connolly and ChinaDaily.com.Cn for sharing with me the story about ‘A Road Trip Across Tibet to Mount Everest’.

A road trip across Tibet to Mount Everest

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201811/30/WS5c00a0e7a310eff30328c06b_1.html

Lhasa – the start of the road trip in 2000. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

In 2000, Lhasa was a different city in many ways, compared to what it is today. High on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it was much more isolated back then. Its airport, a roughly 90-minute drive from downtown, was at that time the only one operating across all of Tibet. In earlier years, flying into Lhasa had been restricted to early morning flights from Chengdu in Sichuan. By 2000, however, it was well-served by modern, powerful jet aircraft capable of landings and takeoffs at high altitudes, able to cope with occasionally difficult afternoon weather conditions. In recent years several new airports have also opened across Tibet.

Despite the advances in aviation technology, flying into Tibet was expensive. Before the completion of the Tibet railway in 2006, roads were the only feasible option for most freight and passenger traffic. It amazed me during my time in Lhasa how so much that made my stay both pleasant and comfortable must surely have come up to the city by road. Two main highways served Lhasa at the time. From Golmud to Xining, Highway G109 was a long, lonely journey through an empty upland plateau. The other route, Highway G318, runs 5,476 kilometers from Shanghai’s People’s Square, via Sichuan and southeastern Tibet ultimately to Zhangmu, the border crossing with Nepal. I would leave Lhasa along G318 on a road trip initially to the base of Qomolangma, known in the West as Mount Everest.

I noticed several oxygen bags loaded into what was a comfortable but strong SUV. Lhasa was modern and well-planned, but outside the city, infrastructure such as road quality was quite variable. The physical terrain often proved very challenging for highway construction, even between Lhasa and Xigaze, Tibet’s second city. Geologically, much of the area is still active. Landslides remained a danger during the rainy season.

Initially, my departure from Lhasa along G318 followed the road that had brought me a few days earlier from the airport. Nearing the Yarlung Tsangpo Bridge, we turned right for Xigaze. Initially, the route followed a wide valley and the river braided into many channels, with sweeping views toward glacial mountain peaks and ridges. Villages sat near intensively cultivated, irrigated farmland. Then it started narrowing, with scenery becoming increasingly breathtaking. Settlements perched on any patches of level terrain available.

**Whole Dude – Whole Trip: The Living Tibetan Spirits Make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest. Yarlung Tsangpo River (Brahmaputra River).**

Highway 318 to Xigaze along Yarlung Tsangpo River. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

The road started along a ledge cut below almost vertical cliffs. High gullies were filled with long fingers of snow. Below the road, sheer drops reached the river that appeared to be cascading around huge rocks. Workers tirelessly cleared fallen boulders from roadside ditches. Flocks of sheep and goats also shared the road space, with drivers carefully edging past.

A wide section of Yarlung Tsangpo near Xigaze. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

Gradually the valley widened, and the river slowed, allowing flat-bottomed ferry boats to carry villagers across. Both road width and quality improved. Where bridges spanned river junctions, small restaurants and shops had opened, providing supplies for travelers. At intervals, pack horses gathered beside narrow trails leading to seemingly inaccessible villages.

Eventually, the valley really did widen and the waters calmed, becoming almost lake-like. A tugboat pulled a pontoon carrying vehicles across to the far shore. Some of the landscape appeared as a small sandy desert with protective trees planted along the highway. I noticed poles being erected to carry electricity to some villages while concrete-lined aqueducts helped irrigate reclaimed land for arable farming.

Rounding a bend, I saw a concentration of modern buildings, some even medium-rise. We arrived at Xigaze, at an altitude of 3,836 meters, the highest city I had ever reached. Since that 2000 road trip, travel to and from Xigaze has greatly improved. Not only has the road been upgraded but the railway has been extended from Lhasa and a modern airport opened. Partly in response to such infrastructure investments, tourism has grown significantly, not just to Xigaze but across much of Tibet.

I stayed at the Xigaze-Shandong Hotel, which then was the city’s tallest building. I discovered at that time a certain arrangement existed, where the more developed parts of China were paired up with areas of Tibet to assist in regional assistance programs such as infrastructure projects. Xigaze had relationships with Shanghai and Shandong, Lhasa with Beijing, and so on.

It was an unexpected joy to find excellent accommodation in what in theory was then a remote location. After a spicy Sichuan-style lunch in the hotel, I spent the afternoon visiting Tashi Lhunpo Monastery. Founded in 1447, it was the traditional seat of the Panchen Lama — Panchen meaning “great scholar”, the title bestowed on the abbots of Tashi Lhunpo.

**Whole Dude – Whole Trip: The Living Tibetan Spirits make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest. Paying respects to Lord Maitreya at Tashi Lhunpo Monastery.**

I was spellbound by the magnificence of the monastery as I walked through its halls illuminated by trays of butter lamps. One chapel was home to a 26-meter-high copper image of the Maitreya, or Buddha of the future. Around the walls were around 1,000 gold paintings of the Maitreya.

**Whole Dude – Whole Trip: The Living Tibetan Spirits Make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest. Tashi Lhunpo Monastery.**

Groups of monks at Tashi Lhunpo Monastery Xigaze. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn ]

Within an assembly hall dating from the 15th century, chanting monks sat on carpets while above them long thangka images and colored scarves hung from the ceiling.

**Whole Dude – Whole Trip: The Living Tibetan Spirits Make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest. The Official Seat of Panchen Lama at Tashi Lhunpo Monastery founded by the First Dalai Lama.**

A large throne in the middle was where the Panchen Lamas once sat.

A doorway within Tashi Lhunpo Monastery Xigaze. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

I wandered the alleys between prayer halls crowded by people chanting, prostrating themselves, walking clockwise along balconies or spinning personal prayer wheels. Some, along with young monks, scooped up chunks of butter from large bowls and smeared it into lamp bowls. The butter produced a distinctive aroma that seemed to permeate everywhere. Above the monastery’s perimeter wall, people quietly followed the Tashi Lhunpo Kora (pilgrimage).

That evening I tried writing in my diary but found it a challenge because I had experienced so much throughout the day. I did realize that this hotel would offer the last comfortable bed for the next few days, as there were no more cities ahead on this route, with only small trading towns and to look forward to.

Leaving Xigaze early next morning, I saw many people already walking around the monastery. The road was initially unpaved, passing many exposed multicolored rock formations that stood as a testament to the massive tectonic movements that had uplifted the area’s geology. The land became increasingly dry with small patches of cultivation, mostly barley and potatoes, where water could be sourced. Occasionally someone on horseback would tend herds of black-coated yaks.

Villages. Photo by Bruce Connolly/ChinaDaily.com.Cn

The road would climb up and over several passes usually crowned with prayer flags, such as the 4,500-meter-high Gyatso-La Pass and the 4,950 meter-high Yulang-La Pass.

Rough driving on G318 and a former fort above the road. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

The visibility was so clear, giving excellent views of distant peaks. At one point I saw the heavy walls of what had been a fort guarding a pass. Descending, lower areas would have limited cultivation, although I did observe groups of farmers scattering seed potatoes onto plowed soil. Ponies pulled wooden carts along the farmers.

**Whole Dude – Whole Trip: The Living Tibetan Spirits Make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest. Tso-La Pass, Shigatse, Tibet.**

Along G318 there also was a regular procession of blue trucks laden with goods, for this road was also the main lifeline to western Tibet.
Some 150 kilometers from Xigaze is Lhaze, a small county whose main street had many small restaurants with name boards in English such as “Chengdu Restaurant”, for it was where G318 to the Nepalese border splits from the highway to western Tibet. Apparently, travelers heading up toward Mount Everest maybe would stay one or two nights, for it was the last real town on the route.

**Whole Dude – Whole Trip: The Living Tibetan Spirits Make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest. Gyatso-La Pass, Shigatse, Tibet.**

The road climbed again up a narrow valley where herders would camp while tending their yaks. This led up to Gyatso-La Pass, at an altitude of 5,220 meters, one of the highest along the route.

**Whole Dude – Whole Trip: The Living Tibetan Spirits Make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest. Gyatso-La Pass.**

Stopping briefly, I thought it was amazing how people gathered around, yet there was no sign of any habitation.

Across the high, arctic, plateau lands. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

The landscape felt like arctic tundra vegetation, and beyond it, I could finally see the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas. However, clouds were building up over those peaks for the monsoon would soon push up from the Indian sub-continent. In this area, the road was not surfaced and it was a constant struggle for work crews to keep it open.

Highway 318 at Tingri. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

When we reached distance marker 5,115, a sign declared we were entering the Mount Everest Protection Area. Scattered trees indicated the approach toward a small village, Tingri, where the main road turned off to Shegar. Notices proclaiming “guesthouse” and restaurant adorned building exteriors signaled the area was used to visitors. I had lunch in a restaurant that amazingly had television, hi-fi, and a fridge! Boys tried to sell fossils dug up locally while people gathered for onward transport by truck or bus.

Incredible geological formations alongside road up to Pang-la Pass. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

Soon after the village was the 63-kilometer route leading up to Mount Everest. As we drove gradually higher, I was enthralled with the geology exposed everywhere, often showing bedding planes of the rocks tilted vertically.

**Whole Dude – Whole Trip: The Living Tibetan Spirits Make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest. Pang-La Pass.**

Pang-la Pass 5120 meters. Looking towards the Himalayan foothills. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

That gravel road gradually climbed up through a wide valley with an increasing sensation of being on the roof of the world as we reached the 5,120-meter-high summit of Pang-La Pass.

Whole Dude – Whole Trip: The Living Tibetan Spirits Make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest. Before reaching Rongphu the road crosses over Pang La Pass (5200m / 17062 ft) offering amazing views of Everest, Lhotse, Cho Oyo, Makalu and Shishapangma.

Beyond it lay one of the most spectacular views in the world. Along the horizon stood the glacial peaks of the Himalayas, with Mount Everest, or Qomolangma, at the center. It was so stunning I could easily have stayed there all day.

From the summit, the road descended through a moon-like landscape reaching a small agricultural village, Tashi Dzom. Notices again in English advertised accommodation and dining. Turning right into a broad valley, we encountered a river spreading over a wide terrain of gravel and stones, which was actually meltwater draining off the northern slopes of Mount Everest.

**Whole Dude – Whole Trip: The Living Tibetan Spirits Make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest. Glacial meltwater river from Mount Everest.**

Glacial meltwater river from Mount Everest. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

Jeeps carrying tourists descended as we headed higher, passing Chodzom, possibly the world’s highest village, again offering a hotel built in a local Tibetan style. The route went up through boulder fields, the descending river now milky white as it carried so much gravel and crushed stones.

Rongphu Monastery at 5030 meters. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

At an altitude of 5,030 meters sat Rongphu Monastery, the last inhabited building before the base of Mount Everest. I would stay there overnight, but first, the last section of the road had to be skillfully accomplished.

Whole Dude – Whole Trek: The Living Tibetan Spirits Make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest. Rongphu Monastery and Everest Base Camp. It’s a beautiful location with an imposing view of Everest just up the Rongbuk Valley. It’s a beautiful location with an imposing view of Everest just up the Rongbuk Valley.

The going was extremely rough, bumping over many rocks and glacial debris while driving through streams. Great mounds of stones and silt had been carried down and deposited by the Rongphu Glacier.

End of the road to Everest. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

Reaching the road’s end, I found myself lacking the energy to manage anything beyond a slow walk up a gravelly hill. There was no vegetation on this stark landscape, but it was very inspiring. My only disappointment was that Everest was wrapped in clouds. It was windy and felt very cold.

I returned to the guesthouse for a simple meal of egg fried rice and pot noodles, and went to bed, trying to sleep, an almost impossible task. This proved fortuitous.

**Whole Dude – Whole Trip: The Living Tibetan Spirits Make a Dream Trip to Mount Everest. Dawn over Mount Everest.**

Dawn over Mount Everest – thirty minutes later it clouded over. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

As dawn was breaking I went outside for a glimpse of the grandeur of Mount Everest exposed before me. I sat on a rock trying to take it all in, the world’s highest peak. At last, I had arrived at this breathtaking vista, which I had seen so many times in books from years back. Within 30 minutes the clouds once again enveloped it!

I enjoyed a simple breakfast, and then weathered a bumpy descent as villages such as Chodzom were waking up. I watched people heading out to the fields, some by horseback, and children going to school.

Prayer flags on high passes along the highway. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

Back over the Pang-La Pass, with its many prayer flags, it felt like time for a memorable look back toward Mount Everest, sadly almost obscured by clouds. Soon we returned back to the G318, stopping for lunch at Tingri before arriving in Xigaze once again. I had accomplished an incredible journey, thanks in part to the amazing skills of my Tibetan driver.

Amazing colors of the land alongside the highway. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

Villages along the road to Everest. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

Villages and a mill where there was water. [Photo by Bruce Connolly/chinadaily.com.cn]

Whole Determination – Whole Separatism – Full Independence of Tibet is Inevitable

Tibet Awareness – Full Independence is the Only Solution

TIBET AWARENESS - FULL INDEPENDENCE INEVITABLE. — **For all practical purposes, Full Independence of Tibet is the only solution for Tibet issue.**

For all practical purposes, Full Independence of Tibet is the only solution for Tibet issue. Red China is opposed to relaxing its military grip and is promising to continue ruling Tibet with Iron Fist without conceding a genuine demand of meaningful autonomy for Tibet. United Front Work Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee held 6th Tibet Work Forum in Beijing on August 24-25, 2015. It announced, “The Central Government neither did in the past, nor now or in the future will ever accept the Middle Way solution to the Tibet issue.” Red China’s President Xi Jinping repeated the same statement confirming that the ‘Middle Way’ proposed by the Dalai Lama group will never be accepted.

TIBET AWARENESS - FULL INDEPENDENCE INEVITABLE: RED CHINA'S POLICY OF RULING TIBET WITH IRON FIST IS DOOMED. — Tibet’s Full Independence is achieved by cracking those knuckles of Red China’s Iron Fist. ***I coined the phrase “Whole Separatism” to assert my Whole Determination to crack open all the Knuckles of Red China’s Iron Fist.***

The phrase ‘Tibet Separatism’ is not acceptable as Tibet is never a part of China despite the military conquests of the past Chinese Emperors. However, it must be acknowledged that China subjugates Tibet with her Iron Fist. Tibet’s Full Independence is achieved by cracking those knuckles of Red China’s Iron Fist. I coined the phrase “Whole Separatism” to assert my Whole Determination to crack open and “separate” all the Knuckles of Red China’s Iron Fist.

Tibet’s Full Independence is achieved by cracking those knuckles of Red China’s Iron Fist. ***I coined the phrase “Whole Separatism” to assert my Whole Determination to crack open all the Knuckles of Red China’s Iron Fist.***

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment

China’s Xi vows unceasing fight against Tibet separatism | Reuters

REUTERS

Edition: U.S.

World | Wed Aug 26, 2015 12:11am EDT

BEIJING | By BEN BLANCHARD

Chinese President Xi Jinping applauds during the opening ceremony of the 15th IAAF World Championships at the National Stadium in Beijing, China August 22, 2015. Reuters/Damir Sagolj

BEIJING China will wage an unceasing fight against separatism in its restive mountainous region of Tibet, President Xi Jinping said, as the government repeated it would never accept exiled Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama’s genuine autonomy proposals.

This year marks several sensitive anniversaries for the remote region that China has ruled with an iron fist since 1950, when Communist troops marched in and took control in what Beijing calls a “peaceful liberation”.

It is 50 years since China established what it calls the Tibet Autonomous Region and the 80th birthday of Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama, who has lived in exile in India since fleeing Tibet in 1959 following an abortive uprising.

At a two-day conference this week of the senior leadership about Tibet, only the sixth ever held, Xi repeated the government’s standard opposition to Tibetan independence, saying he would fight an “an unswerving anti-separatism battle”, state media said in comments reported late on Tuesday.
“We should fight against separatist activities by the Dalai group,” Xi was quoted as saying.

The Dalai Lama denies seeking independence, saying he only wants genuine autonomy for Tibet, something he calls the Middle Way and which Beijing believes is merely a smokescreen for independence, arguing Tibet already has real autonomy.

An accompanying commentary published by the United Front Work Department, which has led unsuccessful on-off talks with the Dalai Lama’s envoys, said the government had not accepted, and would never accept, the Middle Way.

The Middle Way seeks to cleave off one-quarter of China, as it would include historic parts of Tibet in neighboring Chinese provinces, the commentary, carried on the department’s WeChat account, said.
“The so-called ‘Middle Way’ is in essence a splittist political demand,” it said.

Activists say China has violently tried to stamp out religious freedom and culture in Tibet. China rejects the criticism, saying its rule has ended serfdom and brought development to a backward region.

Xi called for efforts to promote “patriotism among the Tibetan Buddhist circle and effectively manage monasteries in the long run, encouraging interpretations of religious doctrines that are compatible with a socialist society”, state media said.

There should also be more campaigns to promote ethnic unity and promote a sense “of belonging to the same Chinese nationality”, he added.
Tibet remains under heavy security, with visits by foreign media tightly restricted, making an independent assessment of the situation difficult.

(Reporting by Ben Blanchard; Editing by Clarence Fernandez)

Tibet Awareness - Full Independence is Inevitable. — *Tibet’s Full Independence is achieved by cracking those knuckles of Red China’s Iron Fist.* ***I coined the phrase “Whole Separatism” to assert my Whole Determination to crack open all the Knuckles of Red China’s Iron Fist.***

TIBET'S FULL INDEPENDENCE IS INEVITABLE.Statue of Liberty seen from the Circle Line ferry, Manhattan, New York — *Tibet’s Full Independence is achieved by cracking those knuckles of Red China’s Iron Fist.* ***I coined the phrase “Whole Separatism” to assert my Whole Determination to crack open all the Knuckles of Red China’s Iron Fist.***

Whole Truth – Mount Qomolangma Reveals the Truth; Tibet is Never a Part of China

Tibet Awareness – Mount Qomolangma Speaks the Truth

***The Plain and Simple Truth, Nothing but Truth, the Whole Truth, a Truth that is tall and high like the highest Mountain known to us as Mount Everest; Tibet is Never a Part of China.***

As the fair weather increases in autumn, lots of tourists are attracted to the Mount Everest Base Camp to enjoy the distant view of Mount Qomolangma at an altitude of 5,200 meters. These tourists are afraid of speaking the Truth. But, if you care to ask Mount Qomolangma, the Truth will be known in one instant. The Plain and Simple Truth, Nothing but Truth, the Whole Truth, a Truth that is tall and high like the highest Mountain known to us as Mount Everest; Tibet is Never a Part of China.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment

Tourists attracted by Mount Qomolangma in autumn
Xinhua, September 21, 2015
Photo taken on Sept. 16, 2015 shows the scenery of Mount Qomolangma, southwest Tibet. As the fair weather increases in autumn, lots of tourists were attracted to the Everest Base Camp to enjoy the distant view of Mount Qomolangma at an altitude of 5,200 meters. (Xinhua/Zhang Rufeng)

Whole Status – Tibet was never a part of China

Tibet Awareness – The Status of Tibetan Nation

***The Supreme Ruler of Tibet cannot be chosen by any foreign government. Red China is a Liar for she deliberately distorts historical information and reinvents history to justify her evil actions.***

On behalf of Special Frontier Force I am pleased to share an article published by ‘The Tibet Post’ which categorically asserts that “Tibet Was Never Part of China.” I thank Central Tibetan Administration(CTA) for releasing their 21-page document which debunks Red China’s claims about Tibet’s status.

Red China is a Liar for she deliberately distorts historical information and reinvents history to justify her evil actions. The Supreme Ruler of Tibet cannot be chosen by any foreign government.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment

Tibet post International

HISTORY IS AGAINST CHINA; CTA SAYS TIBET WAS NEVER PART OF CHINA

Monday, 07 September 2015 12:32 Molly Lortie, Tibet Post International

CTA-Front-Cover-2015 — ***Red China is a Liar for she deliberately distorts historical information and reinvents history to justify her evil actions. The Supreme Ruler of Tibet cannot be chosen by any foreign government.***

Dharamshala — In response to the most recent white paper regarding Tibet issued by the Chinese Communist Party in August, the India based Central Tibetan Administration has released a 21-page document attempting to set the record straight regarding the historical timeline China has claimed.

While China observed its 50th anniversary of the establishment of the ‘Tibet Autonomous Region,’ the 21-page document entitled “TIBET WAS NOT A PART OF CHINA BUT MIDDLE WAY REMAINS A VIABLE SOLUTION,” was released by Sikyong Dr Lobsang Sangay, accompanied by DIIR Secretary Sonam Norbu Dagpo, DIIR Secretary Tashi Phuntsok and Tibet Policy director, Thubten Samphel.

The CTA revisits the elongating historical claims that China stakes over Tibet. Reminding us that, “the white paper on Tibet in 2004 claims that ‘Tibet became part of the territory of China in the 13th century.’ On the other hand, the Chinese Republican-era scholars assert that Tibet became a vassal state of China during the Qing period (1644-1911). Now, with its latest white paper, China has again shifted the goal post and states that Tibet has been an integral part of China since ‘antiquity’.”

The CTA goes on to refute each of China’s claims, revisiting the history of the region. In terms of the vague ‘antiquity’ that China most recently claims, the rise of the Tibetan Empire was in the seventh century CE, when both the King of Nepal and Emperor of China courted the Tibetan Empire and each offered their daughters to the Tibetan Emperor for marriage.

The first to suggest that this claim to Tibet holds no weight was the former Vice-chairman, of the standing committee of the National People’s Congress of China, who refuted his own government’s claim in 1989, saying, “some historians claim that Tibet had been a part of China from antiquity, some others claim since the time of Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo through his marriage to the Chinese princess. I do not agree with both these views. When you talk about antiquity, there is no time line or if it is from the time of Songtsen Gampo’s marriage, we all know that the first queen of Songtsen Gampo was Nepal’s princess in which case Tibet should be part of Nepal. How can we explain this?”

Going on to counter the claim that Tibet became a part of China during the 13th century, the CTA revisits Tibet’s history with Mongolia at the time. “The Yuan dynasty was a Mongol empire and its ruler Genghis Khan and his successors conquered vast territories in Europe and Asia, including China. By 1279, the Chinese Song dynasty in southern China fell before the advancing Mongols. The Mongols’ conquest of China was complete. Today, China claims the Yuan Dynasty to be its own dynasty and, by doing so, it lays claim to all Mongol conquests, at least in the eastern half of the Mongol Empire.”

However, a Tibeto-Mongol relationship was established in 1240, when a Mongol expedition was launched to Tibet, thus leading to a religious relationship between the Mongol leaders and Tibetan religious hierarchs. It is well known that Kublai Khan embraced Tibetan Buddhism, adopting it as the official religion of his empire. “In gratitude, Kublai Khan offered his Tibetan lama political authority over all Tibet in 1254, conferring various titles on him. This Tibeto-Mongol relationship continued to exist even after the fall of the Yuan Dynasty.”

The dates of these expeditions, relations and invasions fail to match the timeline that the Chinese government claims. “The year of Mongol military expedition to Tibet in 1240 preceded the Mongol invasion of China’s Song Empire in 1279 by 39 years. This debunks China’s claim over Tibet based on the relations between Mongol Empire and Tibet’s Sakya Lamas.” The CTA concludes that even if by transitive property all Mongol conquests were in fact Chinese conquests, the Tibeto-Mongol relationship predated the fall of the Chinese Song Empire.

Finally, in opposition to China’s final claim that Tibet was acquired during the Qing Dynasty, the CTA’s response uses a statement made by the imperial envoy and commander of the Manchu army, General Fu K’angan, to the Eighth Dalai Lama in 1792, showing the nature of the ‘regulations’ imparted by the Manchu emperor after he assisted the Tibetans in expelling the Gorkhas from Tibet. The statement clearly exudes the Emperor’s context as a protector or assister, rather than a ruler ordering his subjects, as the statement ends with, “The Tibetans may, therefore, decide for themselves as to what is in their favour and what is not or what is heavy and what is light, and make a choice on their own.”

Furthermore, after the conclusion of all the history that China claims made Tibet a part of China, it was in 1914 that Tibet signed a bilateral treaty with British India called the Simla Agreement, legitimizing Tibet’s independent status. Mao Zedong himself remarked after the long march that China’s only foreign debt was to the Tibetans for the provisions we owe them.

The CTA succeeded in using the history against China to refute their broken record that Tibet was at any point in history, part of China. The CTA suggests that the recent most intrusion into Tibet’s history is a blatant attempt of the Communist party to doctor history, to literally stretch the truth, in attempt to legitimize their continued occupation of the region, when in reality the history is against them.

COPYRIGHT©2013TPINEWS. All rights reserved.
Unless otherwise indicated, all materials on these pages are copyrighted by The The Tibet Post International.

***Red China is a Liar for she deliberately distorts historical information and reinvents history to justify her evil actions. The Supreme Ruler of Tibet cannot be chosen by any foreign government.***

Whole Evil – The Tyrannical Rule of China over occupied Territories

The Evil Red Empire – The Tyranny of Expansionism

RED CHINA - THE EVIL RED EMPIRE - RED ALERT - A TYRANT — ***The term ‘tyrant’ describes any person who exercises authority in an oppressive manner, a cruel master, despot, absolute ruler who is unwilling for arbitration. Red China governs as a tyrant***

The term ‘tyrant’ describes any person who exercises authority in an oppressive manner, a cruel master, despot, absolute ruler who is unwilling for arbitration. Red China governs as a tyrant. Apart from being harsh, cruel, oppressive, and unjust, the tyrannical rule imposed by Red China over illegally occupied Tibet is characterized by Red China’s use of any kind of pretext to justify its tyranny. When the oppressor intends to be unjust, no argument will succeed. A tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny and it is useless for the victim to try by reasoning to get justice. Red China to justify its military grip over Tibet claims that She liberated Tibet and emancipated Tibetan people from feudal Lords.

The stories popularly known as Aesop’s Fables include a story titled ‘The Wolf and The Lamb’ in which, a Lamb finds no choice other than that of losing his life for the Wolf, a tyrant is unwilling to accept any reasoning with which Lamb pleaded to save his life.

The Wolf and the Lamb:

THE EVIL RED EMPIRE - RED CHINA - TYRANT : THE TYRANT WILL ALWAYS FIND AN EXCUSE FOR HIS TYRRANY. — ***The term ‘tyrant’ describes any person who exercises authority in an oppressive manner, a cruel master, despot, absolute ruler who is unwilling for arbitration. Red China governs as a tyrant***

Once upon a time, a Wolf was lapping at a stream, when looking up, the Wolf saw a Lamb just beginning to drink a little lower down the stream.

“There’s my supper”, thought the Wolf, “If only I can find some excuse to seize it.” Then he called out to the Lamb, “How dare you muddle the water from which I am drinking?”

“Nay, Master, nay,” said Lambikin, “If the water be muddy up there, I cannot be the cause of it, for it runs down from you to me.”

“Well then,” said the Wolf, “Why did you call me bad names this time last year?”

“That cannot be,” said the Lamb, “I am only six months old.”

“I don’t care,” snarled the Wolf, “If it was not you it was your father,” and with that he rushed upon the poor little Lamb, seized him and ate him up saying, “Well I won’t remain supperless even though you refute every one of my imputations.”

But before he died, Lamb gasped out, “Any excuse will serve a tyrant.”

In my view, the United States and its allies in Asia cannot win their argument about territorial boundaries in South China Sea. Red China is a tyrant who will use any excuse to justify her actions to expand her maritime boundaries. To address the problem of Red China’s tyranny, the global community of nations must begin with ‘The Great Problem of Tibet’ and evict the illegal occupier of Tibet.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA

U.S. HOPES CHINESE ISLAND-BUILDING WILL SPUR ASIAN RESPONSE

Reuters

By David Alexander

By releasing video of Beijing’s island reclamation work and considering more assertive maritime actions, the United
States is signaling a tougher stance over the South China Sea and trying to spur Asian partners to more action.

The release last week of the surveillance plane footage – showing dredgers and other ships busily turning remote outcrops into islands with runways and harbors – helps ensure the issue will dominate an Asian security forum starting on Friday attended by U.S. Defense Secretary Ash Carter as well as senior Chinese military officials.

As it pushes ahead with a military “pivot” to Asia partly aimed at countering China, Washington wants Southeast
Asian nations to take a more united stance against China’s rapid acceleration this year of construction on disputed reefs.

The meeting, the annual Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore, will be overshadowed by the tensions in the South China
Sea, where Beijing has added 1,500 acres to five outposts in the resource-rich Spratly islands since the start of this year.

“These countries need to own it (the issue),” one U.S. defense official said on condition of anonymity, adding that
it was counterproductive for the United States to take the lead in challenging China over the issue.

Red China - Land Reclamation Activity in South China Sea. — Red China – Land Reclamation Activity in South China Sea.

© REUTERS/U.S. Navy/Handout via Reuters Still image from United States Navy video purportedly shows Chinese dredging vessels in the waters around Mischief Reef in the disputed Spratly Islands.

More unified action by the partners, including the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), needed
to happen soon because “if you wait four years, it’s done,” the official said.

While some ASEAN members, including U.S. ally the Philippines and fellow claimant Vietnam, have been vocal critics of
Chinese maritime actions, the group as a whole has been divided on the issue and reluctant to intervene.

But in a sign of growing alarm, the group’s leaders last month jointly expressed concern that reclamation activity
had eroded trust and could undermine peace in the region.

Experts dismiss the idea of ASEAN-level joint action any time soon in the South China Sea. “It’s absolute fantasy,” said
Ian Storey of Singapore’s Institute on South East Asian Studies.

But stepped-up coordination between some states is possible. Japan’s military is considering joining the United States in
maritime air patrols over the sea. Japan and the Philippines are expected to start talks next week on a framework for the transfer of defense equipment and technology and to discuss a possible pact on the status of Japanese military
personnel visiting the Philippines.

Carter, speaking in Honolulu en route to Singapore, repeated Washington’s demand that the island-building stop, saying
China was violating the principles of the region’s “security architecture” and the consensus for “non-coercive approaches.”

China claims 90 percent of the South China Sea, which is believed to be rich in oil and gas, with overlapping claims
from Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Taiwan.

SHOWING CHINA SOME “RESOLVE”

As part of Washington’s drive to energize its allies, a U.S. Navy P-8 reconnaissance plane allowed CNN and Navy
camera crews to film Chinese land reclamation activity in the Spratly islands last week and release the footage.

“No one wants to wake up one morning and discover that China has built numerous outposts and, even worse, equipped them
with military systems,” Assistant Secretary of State Daniel Russel said.

Ernest Bower, a Southeast Asia expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies think tank in Washington,
said the U.S. goal was to convince China to buy into the international system for dispute resolution rather than impose its sweeping territorial claims on the region.

But in the near term, he added: “I think the Americans are going to have to show China some resolve.”

U.S. officials have said Navy ships may be sent within 12 miles (19 kms) of the Chinese-built islands to show that
Washington does not recognize Beijing’s insistence that it has territorial
rights there.

Washington is also pressing ahead with its rebalancing towards Asia, four years after President Barack Obama announced
the strategic shift, even as some countries say it is slow to take shape.

The United States has updated its security agreements with treaty allies Japan and the Philippines and is
bolstering missile defenses in Japan with an eye on North Korea.

U.S. Marines are training in Australia on a rotational basis, littoral combat ships are operating out of Singapore and
new P-8 reconnaissance planes stationed in Japan have flown missions across the region.

Overall, defense officials said, the Navy will increase its footprint by 18 percent between 2014 and 2020. The aim is
to have 60 percent of Navy ships oriented toward the Pacific by 2020, compared to 57 percent currently.

Military officials in the Philippines say the U.S. shift has been noticeable, including military exercises, training
and ship and aircraft visits. The emphasis has shifted from anti-terrorism to maritime security, one official said.

China has not shown any sign of being deterred. On Tuesday it held a groundbreaking ceremony for two lighthouses in
the South China Sea, vowed to increase its “open seas protection,” and criticized neighbors who take “provocative actions” on its reefs and islands.

(Additional reporting by Greg Torode in
Hong Kong, Nobuhiro Kubo in Tokyo, Manuel Mogato in Manila, Sui Lee Wee in
Beijing; editing by David Storey and Stuart Grudgings.)

***The term ‘tyrant’ describes any person who exercises authority in an oppressive manner, a cruel master, despot, absolute ruler who is unwilling for arbitration. Red China governs as a tyrant***

Whole Dispatch – Peaceful Evacuation of the People’s Liberation Army from Tibet to the Buddhist Paradise on the Sea

I describe ‘The Great Tibet Problem’ as its military occupation by People’s Liberation Army (PLA). The problem of occupation can be resolved by dispatching the PLA soldiers in Tibet to Shanghai Beach, the Buddhist Paradise on the Sea. Shanghai, on China’s central coast, is the country’s biggest and most-populous city and a global financial hub with world’s busiest seaport. Shanghai or its nickname “Mo Dou” is often translated as “Demon City”, “Sin City”, and “Magic City.”

Lake Manasarovar is among the world’s highest freshwater lakes. At an elevation of 4,583 meters, the lake covers 412 square kilometers. With the northern part broader than the southern end, the deepest point of the lake is over 70 meters. The lake is purer than a sapphire and one can see through dozens of meters into the lake. The lake is located in the Burang County, 20 km southeast of the **Mount Kailash**.

Covering more than 400 square kilometers of waters, Lake Manasarovar is the world’s highest freshwater lake with 4587 meters above the sea level and the average water depth of 46 meters. It is revered a sacred place in four religions: Bön, Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism. In the Buddhist scriptures, this lake is called “the mother of the World Rivers.” It means “invincible lake” in the Tibetan words.

In Tibetan language, Manasarovar means “invincible lake”. In “Regions In Great Tang”, wrote by monk Xuanzang, Lake Manasarovar was regarded as the sacred Yaochi Lake of Nirvana. In the 11th century Buddhism won in the competition against the local Bon Religion and changed the lake’s name from “Machui Co” into “Manasarovar”, which means the “Invincible Lake”, in the hope of winning more believers in Tibet. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is believed that bathing with the water of Manasarovar will drive off avaricious desires, troubled thoughts and past sins; drinking the water will keep healthy and away from disease; while circling the lake will bring boundless beneficence to the pilgrims. Thus all the pilgrims to Tibet will come to Manasarovar and regard circling and drinking from the lake as their greatest fortune. Throughout the year, numerous pilgrims and visitors are attracted to the holy Mt. Kailash and the Lake Manasarovar. It is also 1 of 3 Holy Lakes in Tibet (the other 2 are Namtso Lake and Yamdrok Tso Lake).

According to legend, Lake Manasarovar is the lake in which a great Tibetan monk saw the letters “Aha”, ” Kha”, ” Mha”. These three initials helped the search team to locate the current 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet. The three initials stand for the province, the district, and the monastery in which the current Dalai Lama was born, i.e. Ahamdho, Khumbum, and Taktser respectively.

The Indian poet Kalidasa once wrote that the waters of Lake Manasarovar are “like pearls” and that to drink them erases the “sins of a hundred lifetimes.” How to dispatch the PLA soldiers from Lake Manasarovar to Shanghai beach, the Buddhist Paradise on the Sea?

Lake Manasarovar, or Mapam Yumtso (Victorious Lake) in Tibetan, is the most venerated of Tibet’s many lakes and one of its most beautiful. How to dispatch the PLA soldiers from Lake Manasarovar to Shanghai beach, the Buddhist Paradise on the Sea?

Lake Manasarovar, meaning “Invincible Jasper Lake” in Tibetan, is located in Burang County, Ngari, Tibet and 30 kilometers (10 miles) southeast of Mount Kailash. With an altitude of 4,588 meters (15,049 feet), it is one of the highest freshwater lakes in the world. How to dispatch the PLA soldiers from Lake Manasarovar to Shanghai beach, the Buddhist Paradise on the Sea?

Soldiers patrol the border in snow in Tibet with the temperature dropping to minus thirty degrees Celsius on January 14, 2020. The sentry post, located near the Lake Manasarovar in Ngari prefecture has an average altitude of over 4,800 meters above sea level. (Photo: China News Service/ Liu Xiaodong/ Dang Hongbo) How to dispatch the PLA soldiers from Lake Manasarovar to Shanghai beach, the Buddhist Paradise on the Sea?

How to dispatch the PLA soldiers from Lake Manasarovar to Shanghai beach, the Buddhist Paradise on the Sea? **Zhoushan** is a well known beach and a tourist city.
It is more famous as a “Buddhist Paradise on the Sea.”
It offers some of the most beautiful scenery in Shanghai. Its blue water, golden sand, sparkling stones, islands and mountain peaks gives you a feeling of paradise.

In my analysis, Babylon mentioned in the New Testament Book Revelation, Chapters 17 and 18 is the code name for the Evil Empire represented by Beijing. The word “EVIL” means Calamity, Catastrophe, Disaster, Doom, or Apocalypse. A natural event will bring the sudden, unexpected downfall of the Evil Empire in one day forcing the retreat of all the military personnel from Occupied Tibet.

*Revelation 18* is the eighteenth chapter of the Book of *Revelation* or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Bible. This chapter describes *the Fall of Babylon the Great*. In my view, Babylon is the code name for the Evil Empire represented by Beijing. How to dispatch the PLA soldiers from Lake Manasarovar to Shanghai beach, the Buddhist Paradise on the Sea? A natural calamity may force their retreat.

Whole Climate – Tibet’s Climate relates to the destiny of billions of people

Tibet Consciousness – Climate Action – Too Little, Too Late

**TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – TIBET CLIMATE ACTION. TIBET HOME FOR 46, 000 GLACIERS AND IS KNOWN AS THIRD POLE OF PLANET EARTH. DEMANDING FREEDOM, PEACE, AND JUSTICE FOR TIBET.**

The problems of severe environmental degradation of Tibet and its melting glaciers cannot be resolved by 2015 Paris Climate Treaty. It is too little, too late. Tibet’s Climate in fact determines the destiny of billions of people. In my analysis, the problem of environmental degradation must be resolved by restoring the natural conditions that operate across the Tibetan Plateau and it includes the sense of natural freedom that shapes Tibetan existence.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
Special Frontier Force- Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment

THE NEW YORK TIMES

An Accelerating Threat

TIBET GLACIERS RETREAT SIGNALS TROUBLE FOR ASIAN WATER SUPPLY

By EDWARD WONG DEC. 8, 2015

**Tibet Consciousness – Climate Action – Too Little – Too Late. 2015 Paris Climate Treaty will not resolve problem of melting glaciers of Tibet. IMAGE. THE MENGKE GLACIER.**

The Mengke Glacier, one of Tibet’s largest, retreated an average of 54 feet a year from 2005 to 2014. From 1993 to 2005, it retreated 26 feet a year. Credit Adam Dean for The New York Times

MENGKE GLACIER, Over the years, Qin Xiang and his fellow scientists at a high and lonely research station in the Qilian Mountains of northwest Tibet have tracked the inexorable effects of rising temperatures on one of world’s most important water sources.

The thing most sensitive to climate change is a glacier, said Dr. Qin, 42, as he slowly tread across an icy field of the Mengke Glacier, one of Tibet’s largest. In the 1970s, people thought glaciers were permanent. They didn’t think that glaciers would recede. They thought this glacier would endure. But then the climate began changing, and temperatures climbed.
Beneath Dr. Qin’s feet, the cracking ice signaled the second-by-second shifting of the glacier.

**Tibet Consciousness – Climate Action – Too Little – Too Late. 2015 Paris Climate Treaty will not fix problems of Glacier Melt in Tibet. Climate Change in Shibaocheng in Gansu Province, Tibet.**

The extreme effects predicted of global climate change are already happening in Tibet. Glacier retreat here and across the so-called Third Pole, the glaciers of the Himalayas and related mountain ranges, threatens Asia’s water supply. Towns and villages along the arid Hexi Corridor, a passage on the historic Silk Road where camels still roam, have suffered floods and landslides caused by sudden summer rainstorms. Permafrost is disappearing from the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, jeopardizing the existence of plants and animals, the livelihoods of its people and even the integrity of infrastructure like China’s high-altitude railway to Lhasa, Tibet.

Zhao Tingyu, 66, in front of homes built by the government to resettle villagers whose homes were destroyed by severe flooding caused by heavy rains in the town of Shibaocheng in Gansu Province. Shibaocheng is at the foot of the Qilian range, which has been devastated by recent storms. Credit Adam Dean for The New York Times

The fact that Chinese scientists are raising alarms about these changes is a key reason that the Chinese government has been engaging fully in climate change negotiations in recent years.
Another is the deadly urban air pollution, caused mostly by industrial coal burning, that resulted in Beijing’s first RED ALERT over air quality on Monday.

China, which remains the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gas, pledged last year to begin lowering carbon dioxide emissions around 2030, and in Paris this month, President Xi Jinping reiterated his resolve to help slow climate change. There are no vocal climate change deniers among top Chinese officials.

In November, China released a detailed scientific report on climate change that predicted disastrous consequences for its 1.4 billion people. Those included rising sea levels along the urbanized coast, floods from storms across China and the erosion of glaciers. More than 80 percent of the permafrost on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau could disappear by the next century, the report said. Temperatures in China are expected to rise by 1.3 to 5 degrees Celsius, or 2.3 to 9 degrees Fahrenheit, by the end of the century, and temperatures have risen faster in China in the last half-century than the global average.

People across China are already feeling the impact. The most obvious devastation comes from flooding. The report said an increase in urban floods attributed to climate change has destroyed homes and infrastructure. From 2008 to 2010, 62 percent of Chinese cities had floods; 173 had three or more.

China is more prone to the adverse effects of climate change because China is vast, has diverse types of ecology and has relatively fragile natural conditions, Du Xiangwan, chairman of the National Expert Committee on Climate Change, wrote in the report’s introduction.

Last weekend, Chinese scientists released a separate report that said the surface area of glaciers on Mount Everest, which straddles the Tibet-Nepal border, have shrunk nearly 30 percent in the last 40 years.

Vanishing glaciers raise urgent concerns beyond Tibet and China.

By one estimate, the 46,000 glaciers of the Third Pole region help sustain 1.5 billion people in 10 countries its waters flowing to places as distant as the tropical Mekong Delta of Vietnam, the hills of eastern Myanmar and the southern plains of Bangladesh. Scattered across nearly two million square miles, these glaciers are receding at an ever-quickening pace, producing a rise in levels of rivers and lakes in the short term and threatening Asia’s water supply in the long run.

A paper published this year by The Journal of Glaciology said the retreat of Asian glaciers was emblematic of a historically unprecedented global glacier decline.
I would say that climatologically, we are in unfamiliar territory, and the world’s ice cover is responding dramatically, said Lonnie G. Thompson, a glaciologist at Ohio State University who helped found a project to study climate change on the Tibetan Plateau.

Across China, the surface area of glaciers has decreased more than 10 percent since the 1960s, according to the climate change report. The report linked the expected water scarcity to national security, noting that in the future, disputes between China and neighboring countries on regional environmental resources will keep growing.

The Qilian range, on the north end of the Tibetan Plateau, straddles three provinces and towers to 18,200 feet. Scientists here at the Mengke Glacier have been studying it from a permanent research station since 2007, one of about 10 major glacier research stations in Tibet. The glacier is six miles long and covers nearly eight square miles.

As it recedes more rapidly, floods here have become more frequent and more powerful. In July, the road to the research station flooded, with water rising more than six feet.

Zhao Shangxue, who manages logistics here, said that he had had to abandon his car and walk four hours to the station.
The glacier has always melted in the summertime, but now it melts even more, he said.

A report by the research center said the retreat of the Mengke Glacier and two others in the Qilian range accelerated gradually in the 1990s, then tripled their speed in the 2000s. In the last decade, the glaciers have been disappearing at a faster rate than at any time since 1960.

From 2005 to 2014, the Mengke Glacier retreated an average of 54 feet a year, while from 1993 to 2005, it retreated 26 feet a year.
As scientists like Mr. Qin study the glacier and the consequences of its retreat, towns and villages in the region are grappling with a worsening cycle of drought, sudden rainstorms and floods.

The town closest to the glacier, Shibaocheng, has been devastated by recent storms. Its 1,250 residents, mostly ethnic Mongolian, graze yaks, horses and sheep in high pastures below the glacier during the summer. In 2012, a sudden rainstorm set off flooding that destroyed about 200 homes. Nearly 14,000 animals were killed or lost.

Old people here say they hadn’t seen such a flood in 50 or 60 years, said Gu Wei, the deputy mayor. She said rain mixed with hail came down for three days.

Scientists have no easy way to determine the exact relationship between the rainfall and the changes in the nearby glacier, Dr. Qin said. The retreat of glaciers of course has an effect on the climate and on rain patterns, but we can’t measure it, he said.

Southeast of Mengke Glacier, 180 miles away along the Hexi Corridor, Sunan County at the foot of the Qilian Mountains has experienced some of the region’s worst flooding. It is home to ethnic Yugurs and has flooded a half-dozen times since 2006.

Five years ago, at least 11 people died in floods and landslides. In July, heavy rains led to similar disasters in 13 villages, destroying more than 150 homes and causing more than $6 million of damage, an official report said.

**Tibet Consciousness – Climate Action – Too Little – Too Late. 2015 Paris Climate Treaty cannot fix problems of Climate Change in Tibet. Floods in the Hexi Corridor.**

Floods in the Hexi Corridor are related to torrential rains and precipitation from fronts, said Wang Ninglian, a glaciologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Its caused by climate change.

Kiki Zhao and Mia Li contributed research.

A version of this article appears in print on December 9, 2015, on page A4 of the New York edition with the headline: Chinese Glacier’s Retreat Signals Trouble for Asian Water Supply.

Tibet Consciousness – Climate Action – Too Little – Too Late. Tibet Glacier Retreat, 2015 Paris Climate Treaty has no cure for this environmental degradation. Asian Water Supply under great threat.

**Tibet Consciousness – Climate Action – Too Little – Too Late.**

The problems of severe environmental degradation of Tibet and its melting glaciers cannot be resolved by 2015 Paris Climate Treaty. It is too little, too late. Tibet’s Climate in fact determines the destiny of billions of people. In my analysis, the problem of environmental degradation must be resolved by restoring the natural conditions that operate across the Tibetan Plateau and it includes the sense of natural freedom that shapes Tibetan existence.

Whole Question – To be, Or Not to be Tibetan is the Question

To be, or not to be Tibetan is the First Question

Tibetan Exiles like all other human beings may face a perplexing question about their Identity. To Be Tibetan, Or Not To Be Tibetan is the First Question. Man is a terrestrial creature and his identity is largely shaped by his natural habitat. To be a Tibetan in Tibet is easy and natural. For Tibetans living in exile for a long time, alienation from native land poses a painful choice. To resolve this crisis, if I could help, I prefer to remove any superimposition of Chinese Identity over Tibetan territory. I prefer the second choice, “Take arms against a sea of troubles, and by opposing end them?”

LONG LIVE TIBETAN RESISTANCE.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment

THE DIPLOMAT

Image Credit. Tibetans in Exile. Natalia Davidovich

Tibet in Limbo: An Exile’s Account of Citizenship in a World of Nation-States

The international community needs to address the plight of Tibetan refugees.

By Tenzin Pelkyi for The Diplomat
January 06, 2016

Recently, an Al Jazeera article offered a profile of statelessness which featured tales of refugees from around the world. From Tibet to Kazakhstan, Syria to the Dominican Republican, the intimate glimpses of life for the millions of dislocated individuals in countries across the globe highlighted the common obstacles faced by those forced to flee their ancestral lands.
Tibet is a prime example of this 21st century phenomenon of statelessness in a world of nation-states. In fact, many parallels have been drawn between the troubled Himalayan region and stateless peoples from the Palestinians to the Kurds.
In 2015, a number of important events took place in the secretive underbelly of Tibetan exile politics – a world unto itself for those of us who have to navigate it either as members of the in group (Tibetan exiles) or out group (non-Tibetan activists, scholars, journalists), including the Tibetan exile elections, inception of the Tibetan feminist movement, the rising numbers of self-immolation protests in Tibet, and a major rebranding of the official Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) policy of “genuine autonomy” for Tibet (i.e. “The Middle Way”).
As such, I think it’s important to properly contextualize the article and clarify a few key points in regard to the issue of Tibetan refugees.
Having personally been born after the cut-off point for Indian citizenship granted to Tibetan refugees after the 2010 ruling, I, like many others, take issue with the arbitrary window period for citizenship. Although it’s certainly better than no such law at all, there is still a restriction on citizenship for future Tibetan refugees and an entire generation excluded from this opportunity. Tibetans like myself, who were naturalized in the U.S. after relocating through the special visa provision for Tibetan refugees included in the Immigration Act of 1990, are privileged in holding American citizenship. But there are far more in the settlements in India who are not so fortunate.
Beyond the issue of a cut-off point for citizenship, the very idea of Indian citizenship was hotly debated in the Tibetan exile community. Those advocating for Tibetan independence, which the exile administration opposes, have argued that granting exiles Indian citizenship when the administration is headquartered in India would negate the very existence of such an entity. An official name change of the CTA was posed in 2012 and met with vocal opposition for restricting its jurisdiction to “the Tibetan exile people,” encompassing only the exile population of roughly 128,000 rather than the entire population of Tibet (over 6 million). Indian citizenship thus has tremendous implications for any prospects for Tibetan statehood.
With the rise of disputes between Tibetan exiles in the Indian settlements and locals, legal protections for Tibetan refugees are becoming an increasing concern. Tibetan exiles are required to carry and renew a registration certificate and an identity card to travel overseas. A lack of citizenship means Tibetans are unable to own land and travel freely. Harsh penalties, including incidents of arrest, for the mere failure to renew these documents have further heightened fears over the tenuous nature of exile in the settlements. Restrictions on employment opportunities in India have also contributed to growing debate over Indian citizenship.
As we head into the new year, the plight of Tibetan refugees must be more fully addressed by the international community, lest we have yet another global humanitarian crisis on our hands.
Tenzin Pelkyi is a writer, activist, and law student. She sits on the board of the Asian American Organizing Project and is also the founder/editor of the Tibetan Feminist Collective. She writes and speaks regularly about Tibet, Asian American advocacy, reproductive rights, and racial justice.

Whole Deception – The Deception of Panchsheel Agreement of 1954

Sino-Indian Relations must be reformulated after resolving Tibet-China Border Dispute

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE - PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT: 60 YEARS AGO, INDIA AND CHINA SIGNED AN AGREEMENT THAT EXCLUDED TIBET. THIS AGREEMENT IS NULL AND VOID WITHOUT THE PARTICIPATION OF TIBET. — **Sino-Indian Relations must be reformulated after resolving Tibet-China Border Dispute**

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE - PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT: ACHARYA J B KRIPALANI, GANDHIAN THINKER, FREEDOM FIGHTER, SOCIAL WORKER, AND EMINENT INTELLECTUAL OF INDIA IS SEEN IN THIS PHOTO(LEFT) ALONG WITH SARDAR PATEL(MIDDLE) AND SIR SEN(RIGHT). ACCORDING TO ACHARYA KRIPALANI THE PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT IS BORN IN SIN. I MET THIS NATIONALIST LEADER DURING JUNE 1967 IN NEW DELHI. — Sino-Indian Relations must be reformulated after resolving Tibet-China Border Dispute: ACHARYA J B KRIPALANI, GANDHIAN THINKER, FREEDOM FIGHTER, SOCIAL WORKER, AND EMINENT INTELLECTUAL OF INDIA IS SEEN IN THIS PHOTO (LEFT) ALONG WITH SARDAR PATEL (MIDDLE) AND SIR SEN (RIGHT). ACCORDING TO ACHARYA KRIPALANI THE PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT IS BORN IN SIN. I MET THIS NATIONALIST LEADER, MEMBER OF INDIAN PARLIAMENT DURING JUNE 1967 IN NEW DELHI.

Seventy years ago, India and Peoples’ Republic of China had signed the Panchsheel Agreement without coming to a proper understanding about the status of Tibet. At that time, both India and Tibet had earnestly believed that China would not oppress Tibet with its military conquest. India and Tibet were hoping that China would respect the traditional governance of Tibet by the Institution called The Dalai Lama or the Ganden Phodrang Government which ruled over Tibet for four centuries since 1642.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE - THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT: IN MY OPINION, THIS PHOTO IMAGE PROVIDES THE EVIDENCE FOR THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT OF JUNE 1954. CHINA'S PRIME MINISTER CHOU EN-LAI HAD ARRIVED IN NEW DELHI ON AN OFFICIAL VISIT ACCOMPANIED BY THE 14th DALAI LAMA WHO IS RECOGNIZED BY INDIA AS THE HEAD OF THE TIBETAN GOVERNMENT. AT THAT TIME CHINA HAD DELIBERATELY DISTORTED THE TRUTH ABOUT THE PURPOSE OF ITS MILITARY CONQUEST OF TIBET. — Sino-Indian Relations must be reformulated after resolving Tibet-China Border Dispute :IN MY OPINION, THIS PHOTO IMAGE PROVIDES THE EVIDENCE FOR THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT OF JUNE 1954. CHINA’S PRIME MINISTER CHOU EN-LAI HAD ARRIVED IN NEW DELHI ON AN OFFICIAL VISIT ACCOMPANIED BY THE 14th DALAI LAMA WHO IS RECOGNIZED BY INDIA AS THE HEAD OF THE TIBETAN GOVERNMENT. AT THAT TIME CHINA HAD DELIBERATELY DISTORTED THE TRUTH ABOUT THE PURPOSE OF ITS MILITARY CONQUEST OF TIBET.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE - THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT OF JUNE 1954: AFTER SIGNING THE PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT, INDIA TRIED ITS BEST TO LOOSEN CHINA'S MILITARY GRIP OVER TIBET. BOTH INDIA, AND TIBET HOPED THAT DIPLOMACY WOULD PREVAIL AND THAT TIBET WOULD ENJOY FULL AUTONOMY DESPITE CHINA'S MILITARY CONQUEST OF TIBET DURING 1950. THIS PHOTO IMAGE OF CHOU EN-LAI'S VISIT TO NEW DELHI ALONG WITH THE 14th DALAI LAMA GAVE HOPE TO BOTH INDIA AND TIBET. — Sino-Indian Relations must be reformulated after resolving Tibet-China Border Dispute: AFTER SIGNING THE PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT, INDIA TRIED ITS BEST TO LOOSEN CHINA’S MILITARY GRIP OVER TIBET. BOTH INDIA, AND TIBET HOPED THAT DIPLOMACY WOULD PREVAIL AND THAT TIBET WOULD ENJOY FULL AUTONOMY DESPITE CHINA’S MILITARY CONQUEST OF TIBET DURING 1950. THIS PHOTO IMAGE OF CHOU EN-LAI’S VISIT TO NEW DELHI ALONG WITH THE 14th DALAI LAMA GAVE HOPE TO BOTH INDIA AND TIBET.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE - THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT OF 1954: CHINA'S PRIME MINISTER CHOU EN-LAI HAD VISITED INDIA DURING 1956, ABOUT TWO YEARS AFTER THE SIGNING OF THE PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT. THIS PHOTO IMAGE IS THE EVIDENCE FOR CHINA'S DECEPTION. CHINA GAVE THE IMPRESSION THAT IT WOULD RESPECT THE POLITICAL INSTITUTION OF THE DALAI LAMA THAT RULED OVER TIBET FOR FOUR CENTURIES. — Sino-Indian Relations must be reformulated after resolving Tibet-China Border Dispute: THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT OF 1954: CHINA’S PRIME MINISTER CHOU EN-LAI HAD VISITED INDIA DURING 1956, ABOUT TWO YEARS AFTER THE SIGNING OF THE PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT. THIS PHOTO IMAGE IS THE EVIDENCE FOR CHINA’S DECEPTION. CHINA GAVE THE IMPRESSION THAT IT WOULD RESPECT THE POLITICAL INSTITUTION OF THE DALAI LAMA THAT RULED OVER TIBET FOR FOUR CENTURIES.

While India’s Prime Minister Nehru and Tibet’s ruler, His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama had hoped for a peaceful relationship with China, many Indians were not optimistic and had suspected that China had annexed Tibet with its military invasion of 1950. This Panchsheel Agreement, in the words of Acharya Kripalani, is “Born in Sin.” I had expressed a similar view while commenting on the US-China trade relations that were initiated by President Richard Nixon and Dr. Henry Kissinger and described it as an act of “Original Sin” or “Whole Sin.”

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE - THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT OF 1954: INDIA'S VICE-PRESIDENT DR. S. RADHAKRISHNAN VISITED PEKING DURING SEPTEMBER 1957 AND MET WITH THE LEADERS OF COMMUNIST CHINA WITH AN EARNEST DESIRE TO SAVE TIBET FROM CHINA'S MILITARY OPPRESSION. THE TRUE INTENTIONS OF CHINA GOT EXPOSED AND THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT BECAME FULLY EVIDENT. — Sino-Indian Relations must be reformulated after resolving Tibet-China Border Dispute: THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT OF 1954: INDIA’S VICE-PRESIDENT DR. S. RADHAKRISHNAN VISITED PEKING DURING SEPTEMBER 1957 AND MET WITH THE LEADERS OF COMMUNIST CHINA WITH AN EARNEST DESIRE TO SAVE TIBET FROM CHINA’S MILITARY OPPRESSION. THE TRUE INTENTIONS OF CHINA GOT EXPOSED AND THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT BECAME FULLY EVIDENT.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE - THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT OF 1954: TOWARDS THE END OF 1957, BOTH INDIA AND TIBET HAD FULLY RECOGNIZED THE DECEPTION OF THE PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT THAT WAS INITIATED BY CHINA AFTER ITS MILITARY INVASION OF TIBET IN 1950. A TIBETAN RESISTANCE MOVEMENT TOOK ITS BIRTH TO FACE THE CHALLENGE POSED BY CHINA'S MILITARY OCCUPATION OF TIBET. — Sino-Indian Relations must be reformulated after resolving Tibet-China Border Dispute: THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT OF 1954: TOWARDS THE END OF 1957, BOTH INDIA AND TIBET HAD FULLY RECOGNIZED THE DECEPTION OF THE PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT THAT WAS INITIATED BY CHINA AFTER ITS MILITARY INVASION OF TIBET IN 1950. A TIBETAN RESISTANCE MOVEMENT TOOK ITS BIRTH TO FACE THE CHALLENGE POSED BY CHINA’S MILITARY OCCUPATION OF TIBET.

In my opinion, any agreement between China and India would have no validity if it involves the Land of Tibet. The Panchsheel Agreement is void as Tibet has not signed this agreement. India and China do not share a common border and the concern about peaceful coexistence must include the concern for the true aspirations of Tibetan people and their natural rights to their territory and to their right to Freedom from military occupation.To begin with, I ask for resolution of Tibet-China Border Dispute.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment

MOVING BEYOND THE PANCHSHEEL DECEPTION

Ram Madhav | INDIAN EXPRESS, Saturday, June 28, 2014 12:51 am

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE - PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT: Mr. Ram Madhav in his opinion had correctly stated that the Panchsheel Agreement between India and China does not include the Land of Tibet. Without the participation of Tibet, the Agreement has no worth and it will not achieve any purpose. — THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT: Mr. Ram Madhav in his opinion had correctly stated that the Panchsheel Agreement between India and China does not include the Land of Tibet. Without the participation of Tibet, the Agreement has no worth and it will not achieve any purpose.

India and China can cooperate with each other on the principles of sovereign equality and mutual sensitivity.

Summary

India and China must develop a new framework for bilateral relations, unshackled by empty rituals and symbols.

Ram Madhav

The biggest problem in Sino-Indian relations is the utter lack of ingenuity and innovativeness. Six decades after the formal engagement through Panchsheel and five decades after the bloody disengagement due to the 1962 War, leaders of both the countries struggle to come up with new and out-of-the-box answers to the problems plaguing their relationship.

When there are no new ideas, one resorts to symbolism and rituals. These are projected as the great new ideas to kickstart a new relationship. However, there is nothing great or new about them. They are the very same worn out and tried-tested-and-failed actions of the last several decades.

The Panchsheel itself is one ritual that successive Indian governments have unfailingly performed. Vice President Hamid Ansari will be visiting Beijing today to uphold India’s commitment to the ritual. The occasion is the 60th anniversary of the signing of the Panchsheel Agreement.

It was exactly six decades ago, on June 28, 1954, roughly two months after the formal signing of the Panchsheel, that Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai visited India. He and then-prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru had issued a historic statement, reaffirming their commitment to the five principles enshrined in the Panchsheel to “lessen the tensions that exist in the world today and help in creating a climate of peace”.

Contrary to public perception or propaganda, Panchsheel was actually an agreement between the “Tibetan region of China and India” on “trade and intercourse.” It did include five principles, like mutual respect, mutual non-aggression, mutual benefit, peaceful coexistence, etc, but the very title of the agreement was a defeat for India.

The British had, at least from the Simla Accord of 1912 until they left India, not conceded that Tibet was a part of China. Unfortunately, one of the first foreign policy deviations of the Nehru government was the signing of the Panchsheel, wherein India had formally called the Tibetan region as “of China”. Thus the Panchsheel was signed as a treaty of peaceful coexistence over the obituary of Tibetan independence. That was why parliamentarian Acharya Kripalani called the agreement as “born in sin”.

The Panchsheel met its end just three months after its signing, when the Chinese were found violating Indian borders in Ladakh in late-1954. A formal death note was written by Mao Zedong a few months before the 1962 war, when he told Zhou that what India and China should practice is not “peaceful coexistence” but “armed coexistence”. The war followed and ended in humiliation and loss of territory for India. It left behind a massive border dispute that continues to haunt both the countries.

However, this didn’t seem to deter the Indian and, to some extent, the Chinese leadership in continuing with the deception of the Panchsheel. The history of Sino-Indian relations in the last five decades is replete with instances of violations of sovereignty, mutual animosity, attempts to upstage each other and general ill-will.
Mostly the Chinese have been on the wrong side of the so-called Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

Yet, the ritual continued through the decades and changing governments in India. Nehru to P.V. Narasimha Rao to
Atal Bihari Vajpayee continued paying lip service to the Panchsheel during bilateral visits.

“Only with coexistence can there be any existence,” declared Indira Gandhi in 1983. The next prime minister, Rajiv Gandhi, expressed confidence in 1988 that “the five principles of peaceful coexistence provide the best way to handle relations between nations”. Rao as prime minister declared in 1993 that “these principles remain as valid today as they were when they were drafted”. While Vajpayee too was forced to continue this ritual, he made a significant departure by refusing to falsely credit China for following the Panchsheel. He put extra emphasis on “mutual sensitivity to the concerns of each other” and “respect for equality.”

At a time when Beijing is celebrating six decades of the Panchsheel, it is important to look at a new framework for Sino-Indian relations beyond Panchsheel. Vajpayee laid the foundation for a renewed outlook by emphasising on sensitivity and equality. That can form the basis for the new framework.

The Chinese have a clever way of promoting their superiority and exclusivism. Sinologists describe it as the Middle Kingdom syndrome. While Nehru wanted to take credit for the Panchsheel, Zhou told Richard Nixon in 1973 that “actually, the five principles were put forward by us, and Nehru agreed. But later on he didn’t implement them”.
The Chinese also entered into a similar agreement with Myanmar (then Burma) in 1954, thus ensuring that the Panchsheel wasn’t exclusive to their relationship with India.

For the Beijing event, the Chinese government has invited the president of India as well as the president of Myanmar, General Thein Sein, who will be present. Ansari will lead the Indian delegation. Without any malice towards Ansari, one would notice the downgrading of India’s participation in the Beijing event. Beijing was keen on having the president or prime minister at the event. But for once, the South Block mandarins seem to have done their homework, advising the Indian government against sending either of them. Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj too decided to skip the event and chose to visit Dhaka around the same time, sending a rather strong signal.

If Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping, who is expected to visit India in September, decide to depart from the Panchsheel framework and embark on a new relationship, both countries will benefit.
Both leaders have that ability. Both enjoy the trust and confidence of their countries. Most importantly, both are seen to be out-of-the-box leaders.

India and China can cooperate with each other on the principles of sovereign equality and mutual sensitivity.
China has emerged as an economic superpower, but is exposed to serious internal and external threats. It is facing problems with almost all of its 13 neighbours. The fact that China spends more money on internal security than on external security speaks volumes about its internal vulnerability. So, while India is not as big economically as China, its security apparatus is better-placed.

Modi and Xi can chart a new course in Sino-Indian relations if they are prepared to unshackle themselves from ritualism and symbolism. Both have the ability and the support to do it.

Madhav is a member of the Central Executive, RSS, and
the author of ‘Uneasy Neighbours: India and China after Fifty Years of the War’

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE - THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT OF 1954: INDIA AND TIBET RECOGNIZED THE DECEPTION OF COMMUNIST CHINA AND WERE LEFT WITH NO OPTION. THE TIBETAN RESISTANCE MOVEMENT TOOK ITS BIRTH IN 1957-1958 AND IT SYMBOLIZES THE FAILURE OF THE PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT. TO CONFIRM THE FACT OF THIS FAILURE, CHINA HAD VICIOUSLY ATTACKED INDIA DURING OCTOBER 1962. — Sino-Indian Relations must be reformulated after resolving Tibet-China Border Dispute: THE DECEPTION OF PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT OF 1954: INDIA AND TIBET RECOGNIZED THE DECEPTION OF COMMUNIST CHINA AND WERE LEFT WITH NO OPTION. THE TIBETAN RESISTANCE MOVEMENT TOOK ITS BIRTH IN 1957-1958 AND IT SYMBOLIZES THE FAILURE OF THE PANCHSHEEL AGREEMENT. TO CONFIRM THE FACT OF THIS FAILURE, CHINA HAD VICIOUSLY ATTACKED INDIA DURING OCTOBER 1962.

Whole Independence – Tibetan Independence Day

February 13, 2025. The 112th Anniversary of Tibetan Independence Day

FEBRUARY 13, 1913. ON THIS DAY TIBET DECLARED FULL INDEPENDENCE

I ask historians to record Tibet’s Proclamation of Independence as the most significant event of the recent human history.

Proclamation of Independence of Tibet (1913)
by Thubten Gyatso

**February 13, 1913. On This Day Tibet Declared Full Independence.**

Proclamation of Independence Issued by the 13th Dalai Lama (1913)
PROCLAMATION ISSUED BY H.H. THE DALAI LAMA XIII, ON THE EIGHTH DAY OF THE FIRST MONTH OF THE WATER-OX YEAR (February 14th, 1913)

Translation of the Tibetan Text

I, the Dalai Lama, most omniscient possessor of the Buddhist faith, whose title was conferred by the Lord Buddha’s command from the glorious land of India, speak to you as follows:

I am speaking to all classes of Tibetan people. Lord Buddha, from the glorious country of India, prophesied that the reincarnations of Avalokitesvara, through successive rulers from the early religious kings to the present day, would look after the welfare of Tibet.

During the time of Genghis Khan and Altan Khan of the Mongols, the Ming dynasty of the Chinese, and the Ch’ing Dynasty of the Manchus, Tibet and China cooperated on the basis of benefactor and priest relationship. A few years ago, the Chinese authorities in Szechuan and Yunnan endeavored to colonize our territory. They brought large numbers of troops into central Tibet on the pretext of policing the trade marts. I, therefore, left Lhasa with my ministers for the Indo-Tibetan border, hoping to clarify to the Manchu emperor by wire that the existing relationship between Tibet and China had been that of patron and priest and had not been based on the subordination of one to the other. There was no other choice for me but to cross the border, because Chinese troops were following with the intention of taking me alive or dead.

On my arrival in India, I dispatched several telegrams to the Emperor; but his reply to my demands was delayed by corrupt officials at Peking. Meanwhile, the Manchu empire collapsed. The Tibetans were encouraged to expel the Chinese from central Tibet. I, too, returned safely to my rightful and sacred country, and I am now in the course of driving out the remnants of Chinese troops from DoKham in Eastern Tibet. Now, the Chinese intention of colonizing Tibet under the patron-priest relationship has faded like a rainbow in the sky. Having once again achieved for ourselves a period of happiness and peace, I have now allotted to all of you the following duties to be carried out without negligence:

1. Peace and happiness in this world can only be maintained by preserving the faith of Buddhism. It is, therefore, essential to preserve all Buddhist institutions in Tibet, such as the Jokhang temple and Ramoche in Lhasa, Samye, and Traduk in southern Tibet, and the three great monasteries, etc.

2. The various Buddhist sects in Tibet should be kept in a distinct and pure form. Buddhism should be taught, learned, and meditated upon properly. Except for special persons, the administrators of monasteries are forbidden to trade, loan money, deal in any kind of livestock, and/or subjugate another’s subjects.

3. The Tibetan government’s civil and military officials, when collecting taxes or dealing with their subject citizens, should carry out their duties with fair and honest judgment so as to benefit the government without hurting the interests of the subject citizens. Some of the central government officials posted at Ngari Korsum in western Tibet, and Do Kham in eastern Tibet, are coercing their subject citizens to purchase commercial goods at high prices and have imposed transportation rights exceeding the limit permitted by the government. Houses, properties and lands belonging to subject citizens have been confiscated on the pretext of minor breaches of the law. Furthermore, the amputation of citizens’ limbs has been carried out as a form of punishment. Henceforth, such severe punishments are forbidden.

4. Tibet is a country with rich natural resources; but it is not scientifically advanced like other lands. We are a small, religious, and independent nation. To keep up with the rest of the world, we must defend our country. In view of past invasions by foreigners, our people may have to face certain difficulties, which they must disregard. To safeguard and maintain the independence of our country, one and all should voluntarily work hard. Our subject citizens residing near the borders should be alert and keep the government informed by special messenger of any suspicious developments. Our subjects must not create major clashes between two nations because of minor incidents.

5. Tibet, although thinly populated, is an extensive country. Some local officials and landholders are jealously obstructing other people from developing vacant lands, even though they are not doing so themselves. People with such intentions are enemies of the State and our progress. From now on, no one is allowed to obstruct anyone else from cultivating whatever vacant lands are available. Land taxes will not be collected until three years have passed; after that the land cultivator will have to pay taxes to the government and to the landlord every year, proportionate to the rent. The land will belong to the cultivator.

Your duties to the government and to the people will have been achieved when you have executed all that I have said here. This letter must be posted and proclaimed in every district of Tibet, and a copy kept in the records of the offices in every district.

From the Potala Palace.

(Seal of the Dalai Lama)