Cold War in Asia – Lesson. 9 – China-Tibet Rift – The Political Rights of Tibetans

The Institution of Dalai Lama Represents the Political Rights of Tibetans to Self-Governance

The Institution of Dalai Lama stands for the Ganden Phodrang Government of Tibet which represents political rights of Tibetans for Self-Governance. The Seal that represents The Institution of Dalai Lama does not include the image of any of the Dalai Lama’s that ruled over Tibet for centuries.

In my analysis, ‘Institution of Dalai Lama’ remains relevant to Tibetans in Occupied Tibet. The Institution of Dalai Lama represents The Ganden Phodrang Government of Tibet, the political symbol of Tibetan Rights to Self-Governance. The Seal that represents the Institution of Dalai Lama does not include the image of any of the Dalai Lamas that ruled over Tibet for centuries.

Dalai Lama Says, ‘Institution of Dalai Lama’ No More Politically Relevant

Clipped from: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/dalai-lama-says-institution-of-dalai-lama-no-more-politically-relevant/articleshow/65322625.cms

Whole Ruler – Dalai Lama Represents the Political Rights of Tibetans

PANAJI: Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama on Wednesday said the “institution of Dalai Lama” is no longer politically relevant and it was up to the people of Tibet to decide whether the age-old tradition should continue or not.

He said the Chinese government was more concerned about this institution than him for political reasons.

Dalai Lama is a title given to spiritual leaders of Tibetan people. This title is given to those who are considered among the most important monks of the Gelug school, the newest school of Tibetan Buddhism.

Addressing an event at the Goa Institute of Management, the 14th Dalai Lama said, “As early as in 1969, I had formally made a statement whether this very institution of Dalai Lama should continue or not, it is up to the Tibetan people to decide.”

Replying to students’ queries after an hour-long address, he said, “I have no concerns. Nowadays, the Chinese government is more concerned about the Dalai Lama institution than me. The Chinese government is concerned because of political reasons,”

During the 1959 Tibetan uprising, the Dalai Lama had fled to India.

He said in 2001, the elected political leadership was appointed (by the people in exile) and for the next 10 years, he remained in semi-retired position.
“Then in 2011, I totally retired from the political responsibility. Now, the elected political leadership carries the full responsibility, I don’t get involved in their decision,” he said.

“Now, no longer Dalai Lama institution is politically relevant,” the 1989 Nobel Peace Prize winner said.
About the future Dalai Lama, he said all leaders of different Buddhist traditions hold a meeting in Tibet every year in November.


“This November, we are meeting again. In the previous meetings, they had decided that when my age reaches around 90 years, then the group of leaders will decide about the future Dalai Lama,” the 83-year-old spiritual leader said.


When asked about his own selection to the chair, Lama recalled, “According to my mother, the very day when the search party set by the Tibetan government reached my place… That very day our family was completely ignorant.”


“But that very day, I was a 2-3-year-old boy… I was so much excited. I myself don’t know why… The search party got some indications that day. When they reached our house, I ran towards them and recognized each persons’ name,” he said.


“At that time, I had some sort of some memory about past life,” the Dalai Lama said.

Institution of Dalai Lama Represents the Political Rights of Tibetans to Self-Governance

Cold War in Asia – Lesson. 6 – Freedom is in Short Supply in Tibet

Trouble in Tibet – Freedom is in Short Supply

Science Daily published an article titled, “Water Supplies in Tibet Set to Increase in the Future.” When Freedom is in Short Supply, there is no hope for Water Supplies in Tibet to increase.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

Comparison Pictures of Rongbuk Glaciers. Trouble in Tibet – Freedom is in Short Supply

ScienceDaily

Water supplies in Tibet set to increase in the future —

Science Daily published an article titled, “Water Supplies in Tibet Set to Increase in the Future.” When Freedom is in Short Supply, there is no hope for Water Supplies in Tibet to increase.

ScienceDaily Water supplies in Tibet set to increase in the future
Date: January 20, 2016

Source: University of Gothenburg

Summary: The Tibetan Plateau has long been seen as a “hotspot” for international environmental research, and there have been fears that water supplies in the major Asian rivers would drastically decline in the near future. However, new research now shows that water supplies will be stable and may even increase in the coming decades.

Researcher Deliang Chen.

The Tibetan Plateau has long been seen as a “hotspot” for international environmental research, and there have been fears that water supplies in the major Asian rivers would drastically decline in the near future. However, new research now shows that water supplies will be stable and may even increase in the coming decades.

A report by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) from 2007 suggests that the glaciers in the Himalayas will be gone by 2035. This statement was questioned and caused a great stir.

“This mistaken claim and the subsequent debate pointed to a need for a better understanding of the dynamics of climate, glaciers and future water supplies in the region,” says Deliang Chen, Professor in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Gothenburg.

River flows stable or increasing Since the statement by IPCC in 2007, the Tibetan Plateau has been a focus of international environmental research.

A research group led by Professor Deliang Chen at the University of Gothenburg, in close collaboration with researchers from the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, headed by Professor Fengge Su, has studied future climate change and its effect on the water balance in the region. The great Asian rivers have their source on the Plateau or in the neighbouring mountains.

The researchers recently published a study in Global and Planetary Change which modelled the water flows upstream in the Yellow River, the Yangtze, the Mekong, the Salween, the Brahmaputra and the Indus. The studies include both data from past decades and simulations for future decades.

The results show that water flows in the rivers in the coming decades would either be stable or would increase compared to the period from 1971-2000.
Affects a third of the world’s population The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and most extensive area of high land in the world, and what happens there affects water resources for almost a third of the world’s population.

Dr. Tinghai Ou, who was responsible for the climate projections in the study, has commented that increased precipitation and meltwater from glaciers and snowfall are contributing to increased water flows in the region.

“This is good news because social and economic development in the surrounding areas, including China, India, Nepal and other countries in Southeast Asia, are closely tied to climate change and access to water. But the fact that the glaciers are shrinking in the region could be a concern in the longer term, and we must keep a close eye on what is happening with global warming,” says Professor Deliang Chen.

Story Source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided by University of Gothenburg. The original item was written by Carina Eliasson. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

Journal Reference:

F. Su, L. Zhang, T. Ou, D. Chen, T. Yao, K. Tong, Y. Qi. Hydrological response to future climate changes for the major upstream river basins in the Tibetan Plateau. Global and Planetary Change, 2016; 136: 82 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.10.012

University of Gothenburg. “Water supplies in Tibet set to increase in the future.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 20 January 2016. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/01/160120113706.htm>.

Himalayan Glaciers Retreating at Accelerated Rate in Some Regions: Consequences for Water Supply Remain Unclear

Sep. 12, 2012 — Glaciers in the eastern and central regions of the Himalayas appear to be retreating at accelerating rates, similar to those in other areas of the … read more

Copyright 2015 ScienceDaily or by third parties, where indicated. All rights controlled by their respective owners.

 

Science Daily published an article titled, “Water Supplies in Tibet Set to Increase in the Future.” When Freedom is in Short Supply, there is no hope for Water Supplies in Tibet to increase.

Cold War in Asia – Lesson. 5 – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia

Trouble in Tibet – Trouble for Asia

Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia. China’s extensive dam-building would give it control of Southeast Asia’s rivers

People of Asia are slowly coming to grips with ‘Trouble in Tibet’. Red China’s military occupation of Tibet and dam-building to control flow of South Asia’s rivers is a security threat and it demands the use of military power to resolve Tibet’s Trouble.

Preventing a water war in Asia

China’s extensive dam-building would give it control of Southeast Asia’s rivers

An Indian washerman works on the banks of the River Brahmaputra on a foggy winter morning in Gauhati, India, Monday, Jan. 18, 2016. (AP Photo/Anupam Nath)
Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia. Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia. China’s extensive dam-building would give it control of Southeast Asia’s rivers

An Indian washerman works on the banks of the River Brahmaputra on a foggy winter morning in Gauhati, India, Monday, Jan. 18, 2016. (AP Photo/Anupam Nath)

By THE WASHINGTON TIMES – – Monday, January 18, 2016

Just when Asia was getting accustomed to the Chinese threat to the oceans of Southeast Asia, there’s another water worry for Asians. The government in Beijing controls the health of six major South and Southeastern Asian rivers, the heart of life in the region. All of the rivers rise on the Tibetan plateau. The Chinese have been on an intensive program of dam-building on the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra, the Irrawaddy, the Meman Chao Phya and the Mekong, which would give them the ability to control these arteries of commerce, as well as irrigation of rice and other crops, for vast areas downstream.

Snows are melting on thousands of glaciers, the largest concentration of ice north and south of the poles, repeating the ancient and constant cycle of change in the world’s weather. One Tibetan lake, Namtso, a holy site where pilgrims circumnavigate its banks in prayer, expanded by 20 square miles between 2000 and 2014. Tibet’s glaciers have shrunk by 15 percent over the past 30 years. Though subject to the whims of climate change, if melting continues at current levels the warmer temperatures could melt two-thirds of the plateau’s glaciers by 2050, and this would affect in unknown ways 2 billion people in China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam.

The most dramatic example of prospective risk is China’s plan to divert the Brahmaputra from its upper reaches, where it flows a thousand miles through Tibet and another 600 miles through India, emptying into the harbor of Calcutta, the second-largest city of India. The Brahmaputra is the lifeline of northeast India, a troubled region with caste and other ethnic conflicts.

There’s concern in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia over eight dams under construction on the upper reaches of the Mekong River. The Burmese military junta canceled a dam under construction in Myanmar, formerly called Burma, one of six Chinese-led hydroelectric projects planned for the upper reaches of the Irrawaddy. These plants would have exported electricity to southern China.

Government and the business interests worry that China’s apparent intention to dam every major river flowing out of Tibet will lead to environmental imbalance, natural disasters, degrade fragile ecologies, and most of all, divert vital water supplies. The extent of the Chinese program is monumental — on the eight great Tibetan rivers alone, China has completed or started construction of 20 dams, with three-dozen more on the drawing board.

The Dalai Lama points out the obvious, that China’s dam-building could lead to conflict. He warns that India’s use of the Tibetan water “is something very, very essential. So, since millions of Indians use water coming from the Himalayan glaciers I think [India] should express more serious concern. This is nothing to do with politics, just everybody’s interests, including Chinese people.”

The Chinese program for the Brahmaputra is one of the issues which complicate the India-China relationship. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi blows hot and cold over the threat. Despite extensive contacts, Himalayan border disputes dating from almost a century are no nearer solution than ever, and water is one of the important irritants. Increasing penetration of the Himalayan kingdoms of Nepal and Bhutan, once dependencies of Britain, has become a new concern in New Delhi.

However, China has become India’s No. 1 trading partner — up to $80 billion in 2015, an increase of $10 billion over 2014. India exports mostly raw materials and imports mostly Chinese electronics and other manufactured goods. Economic relations are the usual guarantee that political and economic disagreements will somehow be sorted out. But not always. Keeping the peace if not necessarily tranquility between the Asian giants must be a priority of the U.S. government. A water war is in nobody’s interest.

Copyright © 2016 The Washington Times, LLC.

All site contents © Copyright 2016 The Washington Times, LLC|3600 New York Avenue NE | Washington, DC 20002 |202-636-3000

 

Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia

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... china begins building dam on image source china begins building dam on

Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia

Hutoushan Reservoir

Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia

China's New Environmental Protection Law, Not for Tibet

Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia

RT @STForeignDesk: Tibetan mega-dam begins operation: #China mediahttp ...
Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia

Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia. Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia. China’s extensive dam-building would give it control of Southeast Asia’s rivers

Tibetan mega-dam begins operation: China media | Daily Mail Online

Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia

River by River: Meltdown in Tibet

Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia

Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia. Whole Trouble – Occupation of Tibet brings Trouble for Asia. China’s extensive dam-building would give it control of Southeast Asia’s rivers

Cold War in Asia – Lesson. 1 -The Birth of One-Party Governance in Peking poses threat to Democracy

From September 21, 1949 to September 24, 2026, The System of One-Party Governance in Peking remains as a Security Threat

From September 21, 1949 to September 24, 2026, The System of One-Party Governance in Peking remains as a Security Threat

On September 21, 1949 Mao Zedong revealed plan for One-Party Governance of mainland China establishing Single-Party System or Party-State. On September 24, 2026, the Communist Party of China continues to pose threat to Democracy, Freedom, Peace, and Justice in Asia.

On September 21, 1949, Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong revealed Plan for One-Party Governance of mainland China establishing Single-Party System or Party-State. On September 24, 2026, the Communist Party of China continues to pose threat to Democracy, Peace, and Justice in Asia.

Mao Zedong outlines the New Chinese Government – September 21, 1949

Clipped from: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mao-zedong-outlines-the-new-chinese-government?

Cold War

1949

At the opening of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference in Peking, Mao Zedong announces that the new Chinese government will be “under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.”

The September 1949 conference in Peking was both a celebration of the communist victory in the long civil war against Nationalist Chinese forces and the unveiling of the communist regime that would henceforth rule over China. Mao and his communist supporters had been fighting against what they claimed was a corrupt and decadent Nationalist government in China since the 1920s. Despite massive U.S. support for the Nationalist regime, Mao’s forces were victorious in 1949 and drove the Nationalist government onto the island of Taiwan. In September, with cannons firing salutes and ceremonial flags waving, Mao announced the victory of communism in China and vowed to establish the constitutional and governmental framework to protect the “people’s revolution.”

In outlining the various committees and agencies to be established under the new regime, Mao announced that “Our state system of the People’s Democratic Dictatorship is a powerful weapon for safeguarding the fruits of victory of the people’s revolution and for opposing plots of foreign and domestic enemies to stage a comeback. We must firmly grasp this weapon.” He denounced those who opposed the communist government as “imperialistic and domestic reactionaries.” In the future, China would seek the friendship of “the Soviet Union and the new democratic countries.” Mao also claimed that communism would help end reputation as a lesser-developed country. “The era in which the Chinese were regarded as uncivilized is now over. We will emerge in the world as a highly civilized nation.” On October 1, 1949, the People’s Republic of China was formally announced, with Mao Zedong as its leader. He would remain in charge of the nation until his death in 1976.

On September 21, 1949, Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong revealed Plan for One-Party Governance of mainland China establishing Single-Party System or Party-State. On September 24, 2026, the Communist Party of China continues to pose threat to Democracy, Peace, and Justice in Asia.
On September 21, 1949, Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong revealed Plan for One-Party Governance of mainland China establishing Single-Party System or Party-State. On September 24, 2026, the Communist Party of China continues to pose threat to Democracy, Peace, and Justice in Asia.
On September 21, 1949, Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong revealed Plan for One-Party Governance of mainland China establishing Single-Party System or Party-State. On September 24, 2026, the Communist Party of China continues to pose threat to Democracy, Peace, and Justice in Asia.

Whole List – The List of Verified Living Buddhas

The List of Living Buddhas vs List of Dead and Living Devils

Revolutionary Socialist Media - RSM : China's communist party, from ...
Red China published her official list of “Verified Buddhas.” I ask Red China to do me a favor. I ask Red China to publish her official list of ‘Dead and Living Devils’. Red China is the EvilOne and the Devil needs to recognize the ‘Whole Gang’.

Red China published her official list of “Verified Buddhas.” I ask Red China to do me a favor. I ask Red China to publish her official list of ‘Dead and Living Devils’. Red China is the EvilOne and the Devil needs to recognize the ‘Whole Gang’.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment

Red China published her official list of “Verified Buddhas.” I ask Red China to do me a favor. I ask Red China to publish her official list of ‘Dead and Living Devils’. Red China is the EvilOne and the Devil needs to recognize the ‘Whole Gang’.

VOA

FILE - Dalai Lama
Red China published her official list of “Verified Buddhas.” I ask Red China to do me a favor. I ask Red China to publish her official list of ‘Dead and Living Devils’. Red China is the EvilOne and the Devil needs to recognize the ‘Whole Gang’.

FILE – Dalai Lama

VOA NEWS

January 18, 2016 7:44 PM

China has published a list of “authentic living Buddhas” of Tibetan Buddhism, saying the move is part of an effort to prevent fraudulent religious leaders from swindling money from believers.

The Chinese government published a list Monday of 870 “verified” Buddhas on the website of the State Administration for Religious Affairs. The list includes photographs, names, birth dates and resident monasteries.

China began issuing certificates to what it calls “living Buddhas” in 2010, but this is the first time the information has been accessible on the Internet.
Critics say the spiritual cataloging is an attempt by the Chinese government to control Tibetan Buddhist leaders as well as the next reincarnation of the Dalai Lama.

China’s state-run Xinhua news agency says the Internet database is an effort to promote transparency in Tibetan Buddhism and to regulate reincarnation issues for living Buddhas.
Previously, China and the Tibetan government-in-exile have disagreed on the reincarnation of the Panchen Lama, the second most important figure in Tibetan Buddhism, with both appointing different boys to the position in 1995.

DALAI LAMA

Tibetan Buddhists believe that Buddhas can choose where and when they will reincarnate, or take rebirth in their next life, in order to continue their work of helping people. They believe that anyone can become a Buddha by removing all impurities from the mind through meditation and prayer.

Previously, the Dalai Lama has said he will decide before he dies on whether the institution of the Dalai Lama should continue. He has said he will consult with the high lamas of Tibetan Buddhist traditions, the Tibetan public and others before deciding.
However, he said China should have no say in whether he is reincarnated.

Tibet’s government-in-exile has operated from India since 1959, when the Dalai Lama fled Tibet after a failed uprising against Chinese rule.

China has often accused the Dalai Lama and his followers of advocating Tibetan secession, despite repeated assurances from the Dalai Lama that he is seeking dialogue with China aimed only at establishing Tibetan autonomy.

VOANews.com 

Whole List – The. List of Verified Buddhas vs Verified Devils : Mao Zedong proclaims the founding of the People’s Republic of China in Peking on Oct. 1, 1949.

Whole Evil – Red China’s Doctrine of Imperialism

The Evil Red Empire – Communist China embraced Imperialism

the evil red empire chairman mao zedong premier zhou en lai1
In my view, the Battle to checkmate Red China’s Imperial Power has to begin in Tibet, for Tibet is the first victim of Red China’s Imperialism.

Red China is consistently following an Expansionist Policy that involves the practice of forming and maintaining an Empire by the conquest of territory of its weak neighbors. Tibet is the first victim of Red China’s Imperial Power. In recent times, the news media are paying attention to Red China’s military activities in South China Sea and are trying to comprehend its implications. To resolve the problems of Red China’s Maritime Expansionism, the problems caused by Red China’s Territorial Expansionism have to be cured. These are symptoms of the same disease or affliction; these are the Two-Sides of the Same Coin; these are the attributes of Red China’s Evil Power.

On Friday, May 22, 2015, Red China proclaimed its Victory over the US Navy operation which involved the US P-8 Poseidon Surveillance Plane that flew near Fiery Cross Reef in South China Sea. Red China asserted that it drove away the US Navy plane from its airspace. In my view, the Battle to checkmate Red China’s Imperial Power has to begin in Tibet, for Tibet is the first victim of Red China’s Imperialism.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada

Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA

Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment

China navy warns U.S. plane flying near disputed islands

The Washington Post

Simon Denyer

red china imperialist us navy confrontation
In my view, the Battle to checkmate Red China’s Imperial Power has to begin in Tibet, for Tibet is the first victim of Red China’s Imperialism.

 © The Washington Post The U.S. Navy released this video showing flight operations aboard a P-8A Poseidon over the South China Sea on May 20, 2015. During the flight, the crew documented several warnings issued by China’s navy to leave the area.

U.S. Navy BEIJING — The Chinese navy repeatedly warned a U.S. surveillance plane to leave airspace around disputed islands in the South China Sea, a sign that Beijing may seek to create a military exclusion zone in a move that could heighten regional tensions. The warnings, delivered eight times to a P-8A Poseidon over the Spratly Islands on Wednesday, were reported by a CNN team aboard the plane.

PERTH, AUSTRALIA   MARCH 28:  A US Navy P 8A Poseidon departs Perth's International Airport on March 28, 2014 in Perth, Australia. The Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) announced today the search area for missing flight MH370 has shifted closer to the Western Australian Coast after receiving radar analysis suggesting the airliner did not travel as far south as originally thought. The Malaysian airliner disappeared on March 8 with 239 passengers and crew on board and is suspected to have crashed into the southern Indian Ocean.  (Photo by Matt Jelonek/Getty Images)
PERTH, AUSTRALIA MARCH 28: A US Navy P 8A Poseidon departs Perth’s International Airport on March 28, 2014 in Perth, Australia. The Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) announced today the search area for missing flight MH370 has shifted closer to the Western Australian Coast after receiving radar analysis suggesting the airliner did not travel as far south as originally thought. The Malaysian airliner disappeared on March 8 with 239 passengers and crew on board and is suspected to have crashed into the southern Indian Ocean. (Photo by Matt Jelonek/Getty Images)

“Foreign military aircraft. This is Chinese navy. You are approaching our military alert zone. Leave immediately,” a radio operator told the aircraft, later bluntly warning: “Go, go.” After each warning, the U.S. pilots responded calmly that the P-8A was flying through international airspace, according to the CNN team. [Washington and Beijing face off over man-made islands]

China claims sovereignty over more than 80 percent of the South China Sea. Rival claimants to islands and reefs — set amid fertile fishing grounds and potentially oil- and gas-rich waters — include the Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan, Malaysia and Brunei.

red china imperialist fiery cross reef
In my view, the Battle to checkmate Red China’s Imperial Power has to begin in Tibet, for Tibet is the first victim of Red China’s Imperialism.

© REUTERS/Ritchie B. Tongo/Pool An aerial photo taken though a glass window of a Philippine military plane shows the alleged on-going land reclamation by China on mischief reef in the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea, west of Palawan, Philippines, May 11, 2015.

In the Spratly Islands, China has been engaged in a massive program of land reclamation and construction, including building artificial islands.

On Thursday, a spokesman for China’s Foreign Ministry, Hong Lei, said Beijing “has the right to monitor certain airspace and maritime areas and safeguard national security, to prevent unexpected incidents at sea.” He added that other countries should respect China’s sovereignty. The Philippines says similar warnings have been delivered to its military aircraft in the past three months, suggesting that China is trying to exclude foreign military planes from the area.

An attempt to impose restrictions in what is widely seen as international airspace would significantly raise tensions in the area and could provoke confrontations between the U.S. and Chinese militaries, experts said. Images captured by the U.S. plane’s high-performance cameras showed dozens of dredging vessels at different islands, some pumping sand onto reefs to build new land out of the ocean. They also showed an early-warning-radar building and a new airstrip on Fiery Cross Reef that CNN reported was long enough to land any military aircraft operated by China. [Reclaiming land, expanding tensions]

Capt. Mike Parker, on board the aircraft, said he thinks that at least one of the verbal challenges came from the radar station. “Although China glosses over the military purpose of those artificial islands, they are likely primarily intended to change the power balance in the South China Sea vis-a-vis the U.S. Navy, which for now is the dominant force in the area,” said Yanmei Xie, senior China analyst at the International Crisis Group. China could use the completed installations to “scramble fighter jets to intercept, tail and attempt to evict incoming military aircraft,” Xie noted. “That scenario would turn the South China Sea into a theater of frequent near-misses and even clashes,” she said.

Under international law, the construction of artificial islands confers no right of sovereignty over neighboring waters, and the United States has made it clear that it will not respect China’s claim to what it sees as international waters and airspace.

In Washington, a Pentagon spokesman, Col. Steve Warren, said “freedom of navigations operations” would continue in the South China Sea, but he insisted that U.S. military aircraft do not fly directly over areas claimed by China in the Spratly Islands. “We will continue to fly in international airspace,” he said. Secretary of State John F. Kerry expressed concern about China’s land reclamation project to the nation’s leaders last weekend, but his complaints appeared to fall on deaf ears. Foreign Minister Wang Yi said China’s determination “to safeguard our own sovereignty and territorial is as firm as rock and is unshakable.”

But on social media, some Chinese mocked the failure to scare off the U.S. plane. “Isn’t intercepting the robbers in the air the responsibility of the Chinese air force?” one asked. Another branded the incident a “national disgrace and a disgrace for the Chinese people.” Although China has acknowledged that the islands will have military uses, Hong insisted that the main purpose of the construction work was “to provide service for search and rescue at sea, fishing security, disaster prevention and relief, and meteorological monitoring, among other things.”

Last week, senators on both sides of the aisle in Washington called for a more robust U.S. response to China’s maritime activity, arguing that China was not paying any price for its actions while regional allies were questioning U.S. commitment to Asian security.

Paul Haenle, director of the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center in Beijing, said Chinese President Xi Jinping has taken a much more assertive approach to strengthening his country’s maritime claims. “After several decades of being weak, the Chinese feel they have lost ground on their historical claims and are now in a better position to strengthen them. And the lack of strong U.S. leadership internationally has contributed to a sense in China that they can push these claims now and will not face negative consequences,” he said. [Vietnam also critical of Chinese plans]

Deputy Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken said at a conference in Jakarta on Wednesday that China’s actions were eroding regional trust and could provoke conflict. “Its behavior threatens to set a new precedent whereby larger countries are free to intimidate smaller ones, and that provokes tensions, instability and can even lead to conflict,” he said, according to the Reuters news agency.

But in a sign that the U.S. and Chinese militaries have taken measures to improve communication and avoid clashes, a U.S. combat ship used agreed codes for unplanned encounters when it met a Chinese vessel during a recent patrol of the South China Sea. “We exchanged messages, and it was very professional,” Cmdr. Matthew Kawas, the commanding officer of the USS Fort Worth, told visiting journalists in Singapore on Wednesday. He declined to comment further on the communications with the Chinese vessel, other than to point out that it is useful for both navies to become accustomed to each other’s practices.

Earlier, Adm. Michelle Howard told reporters in Singapore that the two navies had agreed to use codes specifically designed to manage unplanned encounters at sea. “Fort Worth came across one of our counterparts and they did do that, so things went as professionally as they have since that agreement was made,” she said, according to Bloomberg News.

If the Navy acts on the proposal to step up patrols in the South China Sea, the Fort Worth, a littoral combat vessel, and its sister ships are likely to play a key role. The expensive new additions to the Navy’s fleet are speedy and maneuverable and have a draft of just 15 feet. “It enables us to go places where other ships cannot,” said Capt. Fred Kacher, commodore of the U.S. Navy’s Destroyer Squadron 7, adding that an unmanned helicopter on board the ship is equipped with a a video camera that allows the Fort Worth “to see what’s going on.”

Will Englund in Singapore, Liu Liu and Gu Jinglu in Beijing and Missy Ryan in Washington contributed to this report.

In my view, the Battle to checkmate Red China’s Imperial Power has to begin in Tibet, for Tibet is the first victim of Red China’s Imperialism.
In my view, the Battle to checkmate Red China’s Imperial Power has to begin in Tibet, for Tibet is the first victim of Red China’s Imperialism.
In my view, the Battle to checkmate Red China’s Imperial Power has to begin in Tibet, for Tibet is the first victim of Red China’s Imperialism.
In my view, the Battle to checkmate Red China’s Imperial Power has to begin in Tibet, for Tibet is the first victim of Red China’s Imperialism.

Whole Evil – China’s Policy of Build and Grab in South China Sea

Red China’s Doctrine of Expansionism

RED  CHINA  -  EXPANSIONISM  -  SOUTH  CHINA  SEA :
RED CHINA – EXPANSIONISM – SOUTH CHINA SEA :

Red China(The Evil Red Empire – The Red Dragon – The Expansionist) formulated its policy of Expansionism in late 1940s under the leadership of its Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-Tung. It uses fraudulent maps(Nine-Segment Map) prepared in 1947 to extend its maritime territory in South China Sea.

CHINA PURSUING HUGE SOUTH CHINA SEA LAND RECLAMATION: US

RED DRAGON – RED CHINA – DICTATORIAL REGIME. RED CHINA CREATED TERRITORIAL DISPUTES WITH ALL OF HER REGIONAL NEIGHBORS FOR SHE IS EVIL POWER.

By Dan De Luce May 9, 2015 9:21 AM

China has dramatically ramped up its land reclamation efforts in the South China Sea this year, building artificial islands at an unprecedented pace to bolster its territorial claims in the disputed area, US officials said Friday.

The rapid construction of artificial islands in the strategic waters comes to 2,000 acres (800 hectares), with 75 percent of the total in the last five months, officials said.
“China has expanded the acreage on the outposts it occupies by some four hundred times,” said a US defense official.

The United States did not endorse land reclamation by any of the countries with territorial claims in the South China Sea, but “the pace and scale of China’s land reclamation in recent years dwarfs that of any other claimant,” the official said.

The South China Sea is home to strategically vital shipping lanes and is believed to be rich in oil and gas. Washington is concerned China’s efforts carry a military dimension that could undermine America’s naval and economic power in the Pacific.

The commander of the US Pacific Fleet, Admiral Harry Harris, said in March that China is “creating a Great Wall of sand.”

RED  CHINA  -  EXPANSIONISM  -  SOUTH  CHINA  SEA :
RED CHINA – EXPANSIONISM – SOUTH CHINA SEA :
RED  CHINA  -  EXPANSIONISM  -  SOUTH  CHINA  SEA .
RED CHINA – EXPANSIONISM – SOUTH CHINA SEA .

Graphic on the disputed claims in the South China Sea (AFP Photo/)

US officials released the reclamation estimate as the Pentagon issued its annual report to Congress on the state of China’s military, which repeated accusations that Beijing was staging cyber attacks to scoop up information on American defense programs.

The report also warned that China has made major strides with a range of satellites as well as anti-satellite jammers, saying it now had “the most dynamic space program in the world today.”

China blasted the US report on Saturday, expressing opposition and accusing it of distorting facts.
“The US defense department’s report on China’s military and security development situation distorts facts and continues to play up the ‘China military threat’ cliché,” Chinese defense ministry spokesman Geng Yansheng was quoted as saying by the official Xinhua news agency.
He made no direct mention of land reclamation in the South China Sea, but said China was justified in upholding its sovereignty in the area.

RED  CHINA  -  EXPANSIONISM  -  SOUTH  CHINA  SEA :  RED  CHINA  COASTGUARD  VESSEL  CONFRONTING  PHILIPPINE  SUPPLY  BOAT  ON  MARCH  29,  2014.
RED CHINA – EXPANSIONISM – SOUTH CHINA SEA : RED CHINA COASTGUARD VESSEL CONFRONTING PHILIPPINE SUPPLY BOAT ON MARCH 29, 2014.

A China Coast Guard ship (top) and a Philippine supply boat engage in a stand-off near the Second Th …

“The military build-up aims to maintain sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, and guarantee China’s peaceful development,” Geng said.
Previous reports have noted China’s focus on cyber and space weapons but this year’s document included a special section on the country’s massive dredging and island building in the strategic South China Sea.

At four reclamation sites, China has moved from dredging operations to “infrastructure development” that could include harbors, communications and surveillance systems, logistics support and “at least one airfield,” the report said.

The Chinese have excavated deep channels that could accommodate larger ships to the outposts, it said.
The ultimate purpose of the effort remains unclear but analysts outside China say Beijing is “attempting to change facts on the ground by improving its defense infrastructure in the South China Sea,” the report said.

RED  CHINA  -  EXPANSIONISM  -  SOUTH  CHINA  SEA  -  IMAGES  OF  FIERY  CROSS  REEF  TAKEN  ON  JANUARY  22, 2006(ABOVE)  AND  APRIL  02,  2015(BELOW).
RED CHINA – EXPANSIONISM – SOUTH CHINA SEA – IMAGES OF FIERY CROSS REEF TAKEN ON JANUARY 22, 2006(ABOVE) AND APRIL 02, 2015(BELOW).

Satellite images of the Fiery Cross Reef in the Spratly Islands – January 22, 2006 (top) and on April 02, 2015 …

Unlike other countries making claims in the area, China at the moment does not have an airfield or “secure docking” at its outposts and the reclamation operations may be aimed at ending that disparity, it said.

The Pentagon report covered a period ending in December 2014 and it said China had reclaimed 500 acres in the disputed waters up to that point. But since then, China has conducted reclamation covering 1,500 acres, officials said.

Satellite images taken last month and shown on the website of the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) showed Chinese island-building in several locations, including construction of a runway on Fiery Cross Reef in the Spratly Island chain, estimated at 3.1 kilometres (1.9 miles) in total and more than one-third complete at the time.

This week CSIS also unveiled images of Vietnamese island-building in the Spratlys.
Beijing asserts sovereignty over almost the whole of the South China Sea, including areas close to the coasts of other littoral states, using a nine-segment line based on one that first appeared on Chinese maps in the 1940s.

China has repeatedly defended its construction work as taking place within its own territory and intended to help with maritime search and rescue, navigation and research.
“The scale of China’s construction work should be commensurate with its responsibility and obligation as a major country and meet actual needs,” foreign ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying told a regular briefing Friday, before the US comments.

The Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and Taiwan all have overlapping claims to the sea, but reclamation work by China’s neighbors has proceeded at a slower pace. Vietnam has reclaimed about 60 acres of land since 2009 and Taiwan has reclaimed about five acres near Itu Aba island.

  • Singapore International News
  • South China Sea
  • China

© 2015 AFP

Yahoo – ABC News Network

the evil red empire airspace maritime expansionism

Whole Torture – The dictatorial regime ruling in Tibet

Tibet Consciousness – Torture in Tibet

I express my serious concerns on use of torture and the practice of forced confessions that are prevalent all across Red China including Occupied Tibet.

... par les forces de sécurité chinoises - Etudiants pour un Tibet Libre
On etlfreetibet.canalblog.com

I express my serious concerns on use of torture and the practice of forced confessions that are prevalent all across Red China including Occupied Tibet.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment

Amnesty: China uses medieval torture techniques against opponents

Tibet post International

Friday, 20 November 2015 16:45 Garima Pura, Tibet Post International

179 china cruelty
I express my serious concerns on use of torture and the practice of forced confessions that are prevalent all across Red China including Occupied Tibet.

London — The Amnesty International published a report – ‘No End in Sight: Torture and Forced Confessions in China’ based on 40 interviews with Chinese Human Rights Lawyers documenting brutal treatment of those taken into police custody.

Details of using medieval torture techniques against government opponents, activists, lawyers and petitioners including spiked rods, iron torture chairs and electric batons was documented in the report.

Patrick Poon, the report’s author, said that despite government pledged to reform, Amnesty had recently documented cases of torture in virtually every corner of the country. “From Beijing to Hunan to Heilongjiang to Guangdong – there are cases of torture in many, many places. The problem is still very widespread in different provinces. It isn’t just concentrated in a certain area of China,” he said.

Poon said most of those targeted were human rights lawyers, Communist party officials taken into custody by anti-corruption investigators, and practitioners of the banned spiritual movement Falun Gong by a Taoist-Buddhist sect.

One of the most shocking cases described in the report was of Cai Ying, a 52-year-old human rights lawyer from Hunan province. Cai claimed that after being detained in 2012 he was forced to sit on a “hanging restraint chair” – a contraption that immobilizes a prisoner by dangling them in the air with their hands and chest strapped to a board.

In a recent interview with Hong Kong’s South China Morning Post, Cai recalled excruciating torture sessions. “I was humiliated so badly I thought of ending it all, but then I thought of my daughter,” he said. “The humiliating experience filled my heart with hatred.”

Yu Wensheng, another lawyer, said that after being detained last October for protesting outside a detention centre where a client was being held, he spent more than three months in custody suffering torture.

Yu claimed he was held with death row inmates for 61 days, during which he was questioned about 200 times. At one point officers handcuffed him to an iron chair with his hands behind his back.”My hands were swollen and I felt so much pain that I didn’t want to live,” he was quoted as saying. “The two police officers repeatedly yanked the handcuffs. I screamed every time they pulled them.”Yu described the despair of his time behind bars. “I felt helpless and lonely,” he said. “It is both physical and psychological suffering. I don’t think I could bear going back to jail for a long stretch again. If I get sent back to jail again, I will go on hunger strike – I would rather die than face a long spell in jail.”

However, Amnesty said such reforms had “in reality done little to change the deep-rooted practice of torturing suspects to extract forced confessions”. Chinese law outlawed only certain acts of torture and did not cover acts of mental torture, the group said. Lawyers trying to investigate or seek redress for such cases were “systematically thwarted by police, prosecutors and the courts”.

Human rights activists believe the situation has deteriorated since President Xi Jinping took control of the Communist party three years ago. Xi, who some describe as China’s most authoritarian ruler since Mao, has tasked the country’s security apparatus with countering any potential source of opposition to the party.

Political prisoners in occupied Tibet suffers equally inhumane if not graver means and methods of torture while in custody such as electric shocks and ice beds as recounted in former political prisoner Ven. Bagdro’s autobiography ‘Hell on Earth’ and attested by a long list of Tibetans who have had similar experiences.

A renewed crackdown on human rights lawyers has been under way since July, and at least 12 people – including the prominent rights lawyers Wang Yu, Li Heping and Zhang Kai – are still being held in undisclosed locations on state security charges. Activists fear those prisoners are likely to be suffering psychological and possibly physical torture.

Asked to comment on the Amnesty report, a foreign ministry spokesman said China was working to bring “fairness and justice” to all.

Last Updated ( Friday, 20 November 2015 17:16 )

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Unless otherwise indicated, all materials on these pages are copyrighted
by The The Tibet Post International.

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I express my serious concerns on use of torture and the practice of forced confessions that are prevalent all across Red China including Occupied Tibet.

Whole Action – Tibet Climate Action

Tibet Consciousness – Tibet Climate Action

Tibet Consciousness – Tibet Climate Action in New Delhi, India. Tibetans protest ahead of Paris Climate Conference. I coined the phrase Whole Action to demand Freedom, Peace, and Justice for Tibet to save Tibet’s Climate.

To protect Tibet’s fragile environment and to preserve Tibet’s delicate ecological balance, people of world have to join hands to defeat Red China’s policies of Imperialism, and Neocolonialism. This problem of environmental degradation needs a comprehensive approach; its political, economic, and social origins demand response for any meaningful action that intends to Save Climate. I coined the phrase Whole Action to demand Freedom, Peace, and Justice for Tibet to save Tibet’s Climate.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
Special Frontier Force

GLACIERHUB

Tibet’s Melting Glaciers; The World’s Leaky Roof

Posted by CHRISTINA LANGONE on Dec 2, 2015

Tibet is often referred to as the roof of the world, since it is the world’s largest and highest plateau. The lead-up to the 21st Conference of the Parties in Paris, or COP21, created a push to make Tibet a central part of the discussions, even though it does not have direct representation there. Though some countries, such as Peru and Nepal, incorporate minority peoples into their national delegations at COP21, China has not included Tibetan representation in their delegation. The Climate Action for the Roof of the World campaign is arguing that the COP21 agreement cannot be accomplished, and thus the house cannot be saved, without direct consideration of Tibet.

TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS - TIBET CLIMATE ACTION. DEMANDING FREEDOM, PEACE, AND JUSTICE FOR TIBET.
I coined the phrase Whole Action to demand Freedom, Peace, and Justice for Tibet to save Tibet’s Climate.

This planet is our home and Tibet its roof. We need #climateaction for #Tibet – the #RoofOfTheWorld #COP21 #ADP2015 https://t.co/5JsgkUwfLb
— Dalai Lama (@DalaiLama) November 28, 2015 Tibet is not only the highest plateau, with an average elevation of more than 4000 meters above sea level, it is also known as the Third Pole of the world. With 46,000 glaciers, it is the world’s largest concentration of ice after the Arctic region and Antarctica, at the North and South Poles. Two-thirds of those glaciers may be gone by 2050 if the current rate of retreat is sustained.

TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS - TIBET CLIMATE ACTION. TIBET HOME FOR 46, 000 GLACIERS AND IS KNOWN AS THIRD POLE OF PLANET EARTH. DEMANDING FREEDOM, PEACE, AND JUSTICE FOR TIBET.
TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – TIBET CLIMATE ACTION. TIBET HOME FOR 46, 000 GLACIERS AND IS KNOWN AS THIRD POLE OF PLANET EARTH. DEMANDING FREEDOM, PEACE, AND JUSTICE FOR TIBET.

In a press release on the campaign’s website there is a powerful quote from the Dalai Lama: “This blue planet is our only home and Tibet is its roof. As vital as the Arctic and Antarctic, it is the ThirdPole…[t]he Tibetan Plateau needs to be protected, not just for Tibetans but for the environmental health and sustainability of the entire world.” The goal of the campaign is to show the world how environmentally critical and fragile Tibet is.

NASA photo of Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau (Courtesy of:NASA/Wikimedia Commons)
I coined the phrase Whole Action to demand Freedom, Peace, and Justice for Tibet to save Tibet’s Climate.

NASA photo of Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau (Courtesy of:NASA)

The Roof of the World campaign highlights a few key points that they feel make the Tibetan plateau crucial to the world’s climate and therefore central to COP21; the glaciers provide water for 1.3 billion people in the surrounding area, it influences the region’s monsoons, and there has been a link made connecting thinning Tibetan snow cover with heat waves in Europe.

The campaigners believe that if the Tibetan ecosystem is to be preserved, the Chinese government needs to enforce their Environmental Protection Law more vigorously and the global community needs to engage in robust climate action. The campaign points out a number of critical areas that need to be addressed in a worldwide: retreating glaciers, permafrost melting, the lack of snow accumulation since the 1950s, and threats from deforestation, mining, and dams as.

TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS - TIBET CLIMATE ACTION. DEMANDING FREEDOM, PEACE, AND JUSTICE FOR TIBET.
I coined the phrase Whole Action to demand Freedom, Peace, and Justice for Tibet to save Tibet’s Climate.

@Tibetans #RoofOfTheWorld photo challenge #peoplesclimate march happening in Brisbane https://t.co/RcNRxhINSQ pic.twitter.com/UfX4vXu3vJ
— clara (@clara111) November 28, 2015

The campaign could be seen as a form of “clicktivism” since it is being introduced to the world by way of social media. There is an online photo challenge where people post photos of themselves with their hands above their heads, forming a “roof,” to show their solidarity with the campaign. There are even pictures of the Dalai Lama getting involved, posting his own roof photo. The Dalai Lama has been actively pursuing climate change action since 2011, so it is notable that this is the campaign he has chosen to support. There is also a Thunderclap organization that attempts to amplify users’ messages through way of active social participation that the Roof of the World campaign has used to spread it’s message. The website itself, though, is full of informative guides to help update those who wish to learn more about Tibet and seems to actively push for action beyond the social media campaign.

GlacierHub’s managing editor, Ben Orlove, who is currently in Paris for the COP, met a colleague there who is familiar with Tibet. This source, whose anonymity we are maintaining, states “Tibet.net is directly funded by the Tibetan exile government [in Dharamsala, India]. The website is from Tibet Policy Institute.” The source added that it serves as a lobby group, and that a number of academics find that Tibet Policy Institute is at times unbalanced and extreme with the information on Tibet’s climate and environment. The source adds, “Tibet Policy Institute never claimed to be in the forefront of research on original Tibetan research and their job is to lobby and they are good at making information digestible and engaging for the public.”

The COP21 will begin December 7 and will bring together world leaders with the goal of a global climate agreement. Tibet is not on the agenda, but the Roof of the World Campaign hopes to make Tibet more of a focal point in the coming weeks.

Tibetan prayer flags (Photo:Ed J/Flikr, please contact the photographer before using)

Tibet’s Melting Glaciers; The World’s Leaky Roof

TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – TIBET CLIMATE ACTION LAUNCHED BY CENTRAL TIBETAN ADMINISTRATION. DEMANDING FREEDOM, PEACE, AND JUSTICE IN TIBET.
TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – TIBET CLIMATE ACTION. TIBETANS DEMAND FREEDOM, PEACE, AND JUSTICE FOR TIBET.
Tibet Consciousness – Tibet Climate Action – Tibet Third Pole of Blue Planet. Demanding Freedom, Peace, and Justice for Tibet.On tibet3rdpole.org
Tibet Consciousness – Tibet Climate Action. To Save ‘The Roof of the World’, demanding Freedom, Peace, and Justice for Tibet.
I coined the phrase Whole Action to demand Freedom, Peace, and Justice for Tibet to save Tibet’s Climate.

Whole Hegemonist – Red China is Hegemonist since 1949

Red Dragon – Red China – Hegemonist

Whole Hegemonist – The Future of Red China’s Expansionism – Beijing Doomed.

Hegemony refers to dominance of one nation over others. Hegemonism is the policy or practice of a nation in aggressively expanding its influence over other countries.

Hegemony refers to dominance of one nation over others. Hegemonism is the policy or practice of a nation in aggressively expanding its influence over other countries. The 17-Point Plan or Agreement of March 1953 sets the tone for Communist China’s Expansionist Doctrine

Red China heralded her hegemonistic policy in 1949 when she announced to the world that she would use military force to occupy Tibet which declared full independence on February 13, 1913. In October 1950, Red China attacked Tibet overcoming weak Tibetan resistance and occupied 965, 000 square miles of Tibetan territory which now represents one quarter of Red China’s landmass. This Tibetan territory includes entire Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) and regions found in Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. Red China’s policy of Hegemonism is nothing new. Red China will prevail with her military aggression in South China Sea if Red China is not evicted from Tibet.

#1 You Don’t Need To Fight A War To Win A War

Hegemony refers to dominance of one nation over others. Hegemonism is the policy or practice of a nation in aggressively expanding its influence over other countries. The 17-Point Plan or Agreement of March 1953 sets the tone for Communist China’s Expansionist Doctrine

I submit that we need not always Fight a War to Win a War. At Special Frontier Force, I am known as ‘Doomsayer of Doom Dooma’. I am claiming that we will Win our War against Tibet’s military occupation without fighting a War with Red China for I predict ‘Beijing Is Doomed’ and Red China set herself on irreversible path of Self-Destruction.

Hegemony refers to dominance of one nation over others. Hegemonism is the policy or practice of a nation in aggressively expanding its influence over other countries. The 17-Point Plan or Agreement of March 1953 sets the tone for Communist China’s Expansionist Doctrine

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment

Hegemony refers to dominance of one nation over others. Hegemonism is the policy or practice of a nation in aggressively expanding its influence over other countries. The 17-Point Plan or Agreement of March 1953 sets the tone for Communist China’s Expansionist Doctrine

ValueWalk.

Game Theory: A New Twist To The South China Sea

RED DRAGON – RED CHINA – DICTATORIAL REGIME. RED CHINA CREATED TERRITORIAL DISPUTES WITH ALL OF HER REGIONAL NEIGHBORS FOR SHE IS EVIL POWER.

Posted By: BRINDA BANERJEE Posted date: August 20, 2015 03:15:04 PM

If you haven’t heard of “HEGEMON” and you’re a geostrategy enthusiast, you’re missing out on a very interesting experience. Developed by the Potomac Foundation, the multiplayer game allows users to take on the identities of different countries, complete with resources and political agendas.

Before you write it off as yet another game imitating life, consider this: Hegemon has quickly become a favorite with strategists and academicians who use the simulation to test different approaches and evaluate results.

Players can take on the roles of the United States, China and other countries in the Asia-Pacific region; from budgeting and strategizing to managing military and technological needs, the ‘game’ involves enacting real-world geopolitical relationships on-screen.
Perhaps the most interesting implication of the game is that it allows users to test the waters, so as to speak, on the South China Sea issue. And the revelations are rather edifying.

China could gain a hegemony on the South China Sea

As per an article first published in the Lowy Interpreter, China could gain and sustain a hegemony on the South China Sea without every actually having to resort to armed conflict. The South China Sea issue has been in the news frequently over the past year owing to a rise in hostile disputes over territory between the various claimants. China, most noticeably, has ‘reclaimed’ several territories and undertaken construction operations on the same, much to the chagrin of other stakeholders. As of this past month, the state has halted its actions in the region in keeping with an international effort to resolve the dispute peacefully. However, as the game has revealed, there are other ways in which the state could monopolize the region. Here are some possible outcomes to mull over.

#1 You Don’t Need To Fight A War To Win A War

A very big part of war strategy is avoiding war altogether. You must prepare to excel at the worst, but still keep it from happening at any cost. In the game, only 50% of the region takes to violence across a span of two decades. Instead, the more probable outcome is that countries turn to brokering agreements. It’s interesting to note that the matter of who plays the game affects what the outcome is: military personnel are more likely to opt for confrontational tactics while academics are more prone to choosing the non-combative options.

#2 The Role Of Russia

While Russia isn’t a claimant in the South China Sea issue, or even a regional stakeholder, the state does exert a considerable amount of influence on the area’s security and stability. Alliances and enmities with Russia can go a long way towards affecting the regional balance of power. History has proven that power in geopolitical conflicts is best consolidated through a formidable military presence in the region in question, and the fact that Russia is a significant contributor to the international weapons market all but guarantees Moscow a say-so in the South China Sea issue.

#3 What Would Vietnam Do?

Vietnam makes for a very interesting entry point into the South China Sea dispute because the state is a claimant in the territorial conflict and clearly opposed to Chinese monopoly in the greater South Asian region, but it still continues to be something of a wild card. The country has a land border in common with Beijing, so it serves Vietnam’s security interests to maintain peaceful ties with China. One probable outcome, as we see played out in Hegemon only too often, is that Hanoi is likely to forsake a portion of its stakes in the South China Sea issue in exchange for a decreased Chinese military presence at its borders.

#4 Diplomacy & Perseverance

Many real-world experts have argued that China will seek to avoid open confrontation simply because the costs of war are too high and the state has identified another means to the same end: diplomatic channels. China currently enjoys a position of enviable influence in the region. The current geopolitical landscape of South Asia is marked by an eagerness to either ally with China or, at the very least, avoid an armed conflict with the state. Analysts argue that by simply waiting it out China stands to gain more. As such, if China were to solidify its identity as the dominant regional power it would serve a severe blow to the United States’ ‘pivot to Asia’ strategy.

#5 Deterrence or Destruction?

Yet others argue that even if China were to persevere at the long game, there is no guarantee that other Asian states will concede to its hegemony in the region. China has a historical rival in Japan, and if things were to come to a head, the latter is most likely to align with the United States in an effort to maintain the status quo in Asia. In this case, the arms race and support gathering may result in a more pronounced divide than ever before, and scholars warn that the world might soon be looking at another iteration of the Cold War.

Interesting though it is to see how closely the game imitates real life and vice-versa, theorists will argue against basing actual strategy on gameplay simply because two crucial elements- the stakes involved and the time in hand- do not represent real-time situations accurately. Defeat in a game and defeat on a battlefield are two very different experiences indeed. And while overnight developments are not completely unheard of in military history, most issues develop gradually and decision-makers have months, even years, to chart the most preferred course of action.

So, while geostrategy buffs can definitely learn a thing or two about the South China Sea issue from Hegemon, and maybe even test-drive a few theories, the real world is, as they say, a totally different ballgame.

,Hegemony refers to dominance of one nation over others. Hegemonism is the policy or practice of a nation in aggressively expanding its influence over other countries. The 17-Point Plan or Agreement of March 1953 sets the tone for Communist China’s Expansionist Doctrine

About the author

BRINDA BANERJEE

Brinda Banerjee is a researcher working on security, armed conflict and military policies. She holds a Bachelor’s in Journalism (with Honors), a Master’s in Peace and Conflict Studies and is currently pursuing her Ph.D. in state responses to internal conflict. Brinda writes extensively about current events, conflict resolution and geopolitical dynamics in the modern world.

Copyright © 2015 ValueWalk

Hegemony refers to dominance of one nation over others. Hegemonism is the policy or practice of a nation in aggressively expanding its influence over other countries. The 17-Point Plan or Agreement of March 1953 sets the tone for Communist China’s Expansionist Doctrine
Hegemony refers to dominance of one nation over others. Hegemonism is the policy or practice of a nation in aggressively expanding its influence over other countries. The 17-Point Plan or Agreement of March 1953 sets the tone for Communist China’s Expansionist Doctrine