Whole Creation – Whole Dude

Whole Creation – The celebration of Darwin Day

The Celebration of Creation on Darwin Day

**February 12. Darwin Day. A Reason to Celebrate Creation.**

Charles Darwin (Feb. 12, 1809 to April 19, 1882) holds a unique place in history as the foremost proponent of the theory of evolution. Indeed, to this day, Darwin is the most famous evolution scientist and is credited with developing the theory of evolution through Natural Selection. While he lived a relatively quiet and studious life, his writings were controversial in their day and still routinely spark controversy.

Whole Dude – Whole Creation – Whole Evidence: THE DOCTRINE OF CREATION: CHARLES DARWIN (1809-92), A GREAT NATURAL SCIENTIST, IN HIS WORKS, THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES (1859), AND THE DESCENT OF MAN (1871) PROPOSED THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION TO DESCRIBE THE ORIGIN OF MAN.

We directly experience the power of creation that gives a natural sense of joy by simply holding our own baby:

**FEBRUARY 12. DARWIN DAY. A REASON TO CELEBRATE CREATION.** **We directly experience the power of creation that gives a natural sense of joy by simply holding our own baby:**

What is Creation?

Creation is defined as to make or bring into existence something new and to produce an object through imaginative skill. As per my Theory of Creation, the natural world and the universe in which we exist is the physical manifestation of an act of Creation. Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution cannot explain this natural phenomenon of Earth existing in a harmonious relationship with Cosmos. The Theory of Evolution is a speculative interpretation of the biological diversity, the ecological relationships, the natural adaptations, and the synchronized existence of the living entities and the Cosmos. There is no direct, observable evidence to substantiate the processes or the mechanisms of Evolution. The same biomolecules operate the living functions and the living material, living matter or the corporeal substance called protoplasm has essentially remained the same ever since life came into its existence. The building blocks of life called cells have essentially remained the same; the cellular organelles are performing the same functions with individualistic variations to prove that no two daughter cells are alike. The phenomenon of Life demands that all living things must exist as Individuals with Individuality with no exceptions even if they share totally identical genomes.

The Evidence for ‘The Theory of Creation’

**Whole Dude – Whole Creation – Whole Evidence: A Designer Universe is described by a Greek word called ‘COSMOS’ which means Beauty and Order.**

**February 12. Darwin Day. A Reason to Celebrate Creation. The sweet floral fragrance of Rose is known to man since prehistoric times. It is a favorite flower in many lands.**

People all over the world directly experience the natural phenomenon of Creation. Since every individual could observe and sense this experience, we do not need peer-reviewed papers to prove the fact of Creation. Creation is not merely a past event. Creation is an observable phenomenon of our present times. Creation is a phenomenon that would repeat and perpetuate itself as long as planet Earth exists and the Cosmic Balance, the Cosmic Harmony and the Cosmic Connection prevails. Creation is a Reality that is evident by its own nature. Creation is a self -evident truth.

We detect the reality of Creation through the five special organs of sense. These are:

February 12. Darwin Day. A Reason to Celebrate Creation. Astronaut Alan Shepard is pictured on Moon. The Moon surface is seen illuminated. The Sky is Dark. The Sky is also Dark in the rest of the Universe. Earth is one of its own kind original celestial object with its Blue Sky.

1. Visual: The sky is blue. The sky is blue because we have the ability of color perception and we actually see the blue light of the visible light spectrum. In rest of the universe, the sky is dark in spite of the presence of very bright objects with a greater illuminative power than Sun. The moment we leave planet Earth, we encounter a dark sky.

Whole Dude – Whole Creation – Whole Evidence: The Cuckoo of India called “KOEL”, Eudynamys scolopacea symbolizes the Natural World full of sounds. The sensory experience of Sound Energy is the manifestation of creativity.

2. Auditory: The natural world is full of sounds. The sounds that we hear are real and often we can recognize and identify the person and the species by applying speech and vocal sound identification technologies. The rest of the universe is silent. There is no scientific evidence to support the existence of entities that have the ability to generate sound and have the ability of sound perception in the rest of the universe. Sound energy appears to be a phenomenon of our natural world. To propagate sound waves across the universe is not possible due to the lack of a compressible, conductive medium such as gas, liquid, or solid. We use sound energy in several creative ways and delight ourselves with the musical sounds that we create.

Whole Dude – Whole Creation – Whole Evidence: The Water Molecule can exist in three different physical conditions such as liquid, soild, and gas. But, it maintains the same chemical composition, and displays unchanging behavior without being influenced by changing times. Man experiences Water by the original, pure sensation of taste it imparts.

3. Gustatory: Water imparts an original, pure taste. There is no scientific evidence for the existence of liquid water with its original, pure taste in other parts of the universe. The taste sensation contributes to our enjoyment of life and is celebrated through our culinary arts.

**February 12. Darwin Day. A Reason to Celebrate Creation. The original fragrance of the soils of Earth.**

**Whole Dude – Whole Creation – Whole Evidence: The Original Fragrance of Earth displays its creative origin.**

4. Olfactory: The soils of Earth have an original fragrance known as Geosmin. The chemical compounds that contribute to Earth’s original fragrance and the soil organisms that generate these chemicals have been identified. The fragrance is a product of interaction of physical, chemical, and biotic factors. The Lunar soil samples that were tested do not demonstrate the characteristics of the soils of Earth. There is no scientific evidence to show that the characteristics of Earth’s soil could be found in other regions of the universe.

The soils of Earth have an original fragrance known as Geosmin. The chemical compounds that contribute to Earth’s original fragrance and the soil organisms that generate these chemicals have been identified.

We should take time to smell the roses to enjoy the fragrant natural world, and to enrich the quality of our existence.

**February 12. Darwin Day. A Reason to Celebrate Creation. Human Life begins after a Creative thought. Mother Mary was informed about the fact of Immaculate Conception before she gave birth to Jesus.**

Whole Dude – Whole Creation – Whole Evidence: Both Mother and Child experience the feelings of Love at the same time because of the power of the tactile sensation. Love is defined by stating its attributes. Love is Patient. Love is Kind. Love does not envy. Love does not boast, it is not proud. Love is not rude. Love is not self-seeking. Love is not easily angered. Love protects, trusts, hopes, always perseveres and Love never fails. Divine Mother Mary is seen expressing such Love for her baby Jesus.

5. Tactile: The power of Creation that provides a natural sense of joy can be directly experienced while simply holding your own baby. This sensation of touch is experienced by the object aswellas the beholder of the object. There is no scientific evidence to prove that a similar experience of tactile sensation generated between an object and the beholder of the object could exist in the rest of the universe.

February 12. A Reason to Celebrate Creation. Earth’s Rotational Spin provides the experience of Time by causing changes in the environment which Man perceives as Day and Night. This cyclical change of alternating periods of Light and Darkness is synchronized with Man’s Biological Rhythms.

These five sensations and the five abilities of sensory perception prevail only upon planet Earth. Planet Earth is unique, original, and is only one of its kind in the universe that we directly or indirectly observe and understand as of today. The existence of earth like objects in the universe is purely speculative and is not confirmed by science. The Solar system and the objects it contains came into existence through an act of Creation as defined in the introductory paragraph.

Natural scientists use their faculty of sensory perception to identify species that inhabit the Earth. Each species displays its unique traits and exhibits the characteristics of both intraspecies and interspecies variations. The unique ability of living entities to exist and to perpetuate their existence while displaying individualistic variations is a practical proof of the acts of Creation. In the books of Plant Taxonomy, and the books of Classification of Animal Kingdom, we do not have a category to show any species living or extinct as a ‘transitional’ species or form. The phrase ‘transitional’ species or form only exists in the realm of speculative evolutionary biology. These ‘transitional’ species if found existing today, they would not be described as ‘transitional’ forms in spite of the similarity in some morphological features between ‘transitional’ and other species. This phenomenal natural world with its rich biodiversity is the product of Creation. The plasticity of the genome allows an organism to make adaptive changes in response to environmental stresses. Such adaptive changes in the genome are only of a ‘minor order’. A ‘major order’ change in the genome would produce a skeletal change or a morphological variation of high significance that alters the identity of the species and may change its taxonomic classification. Scientists have not demonstrated such ‘major order’ changes in genome in response to environmental stimuli. For example, a bacterial cell can change its genome and acquire the ability of drug resistance without making an evolutionary change in terms of its morphological appearance. Similarly, a bacterial cell can alter its sugar metabolism and yet retains its identity specific to its own species. In fact several different species such as cockroaches, sharks, and turtles are existing upon this planet Earth since the last 200 to 350 million years without changing their anatomical appearance. The dinosaurs of different sizes, shapes and eating habits survived on this planet for nearly 165 million years. In the absence of hard evidence, it is difficult to support the Theory of Evolution.

Whole Dude – Whole Creation – Whole Evidence: THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: THERE IS NO NATURAL CAUSE, NATURAL FACTOR, NATURAL CONDITION, OR NATURAL MECHANISM TO ACCOUNT FOR THE VARIATION SEEN WHEN THE NEANDERTHAL SKULL IS COMPARED WITH THE HUMAN SKULL.

A Reason to Celebrate Creation:

Whole Dude – Whole Creation – Whole Evidence: THE STATUS OF MAN IN NATURE: The Grasping ability of Hand can perform two functions; 1. The Pressure Grip, and 2. The Precision Grip. The image shows the anatomy of the distal phalanx and its relationship with soft structures that are related to refined manipulation of tools or objects held by the Grip.

We are all witnesses to the physical manifestation of the Creative Force/Energy, Creative Power, Creative Processes, and Creative Mechanisms that contribute and shape our earthly experience of human existence. We are actually endowed with the power to create. The Creative Force inspires us to be creative in our imagination, in our thoughts, and in our acts. We express our creativity in writing, music, performance arts, and craftsmanship. We demonstrate our creativity in the manner that we use our Precision Grip. We are creative in our efforts to research or investigate a problem, or to explore the natural world and the universe. The capacity for original and productive thought contributes to creativity. We need to celebrate the natural phenomenon of creation to acquire the ability to manifest Creativity in our thoughts and actions.

**February 12. Darwin Day.** **A Reason to Celebrate Creation. Witness the Magic of Creation.**

A Reason to celebrate Creation: The most important function of Light is not that of providing visual sensation. Light performs several non optical functions. Plants do not have the ability to see Light. But, plants have the ability to use light energy to perform biochemical reactions such as Photosynthesis which is a creative mechanism to trap light energy as chemical energy that living things can further use to perform a variety of their living functions.

February 12. Darwin Day. A Reason to Celebrate Creation. Man’s home in the Milky Way Galaxy. Man is destined to live and seek existence on planet Earth as it is created with a purpose; the purpose of providing a home to the living entities.

Whole Dude – Whole Creation -Whole Evidence: The Birth of Jesus and His earthly existence describes the operation of a Supreme, Spiritual Whole Law that harmonizes all Laws of Nature that operate in the physical world to establish WholeExistence which may be stated as a Law of Conservation:” Matter is neither created nor destroyed.”

Whole Phenomenon – Whole Creator

Whole Phenomenon – Whole Creator – The Doctrine of Whole Creationism

The Doctrine of Whole Creationism Creation is stated as, “The reality called existence is established by the Unchanging Spiritual Nature of Matter in a constantly Changing World.”

Whole Phenomenon – Whole Creator – The Doctrine of Whole Creationism: I ask my readers to investigate the nature of Living Matter found in different Life Forms to explore the Creative Potency of Matter.

I ask my readers to investigate the nature of Living Matter found in different Life Forms to explore the Creative Potency of Matter. In my analysis, the discussion about creation must include the study of creative mechanisms that operate the creative events besides the Natural Laws described by Physics and Chemistry. The creative energy/force/power or potency is very much at work sustaining the creation in the present day world.

I coined the phrase Whole Creator to make a synthesis of the creative events described in the Bible and the Hindu scriptures. The Creator is the Originator, the Sustainer, and eventually the Destroyer of all that He creates.

Spirituality Science – The Doctrine of Creation:

I ask my readers to investigate the nature of Living Matter found in different Life Forms to explore the Creative Potency of Matter. In my analysis, the discussion about creation must include the study of creative mechanisms that operate the creative events besides the Natural Laws described by Physics and Chemistry. The creative energy/force/power or potency is very much at work sustaining the creation in the present day world. Creativity is about putting together the known Chemical Elements of Matter to cause the phenomenon described as Creation.

Creation refers to the beginning of things. The ideas and thoughts about creation serve as a basis for the orientation of man in the world and help to specify man’s place in the physical universe. The Doctrine of Creation is the basis to explain man’s status in nature. The act of creation involves to bring into being a new product and the production of the new thing requires application of imagination and the use of Power/Force/Energy. Creation has two aspects; 1. Freedom of Mind to imagine possibilities. It is associated with a power called ‘Inspiration’ that provides the stimulus to both creative thought and action, and 2. Freedom of Action that converts a mental ‘possibility’ into a physical ‘actuality’. The word ‘creative’ is often used to describe the quality or power of creating as seen in the actions of an author, actor, fashion designer, artist, or musician. A created object tends to be original, unique, distinctive, and exists as one of its own kind of object.

Whole Phenomenon – Whole Creator – The Doctrine of Whole Creationism: The Doctrine of Creation and Creative Potency called Maya. Raas Leela – Lord Krishna in Vrindavan dancing with Gopis. Lord Krishna is simultaneously ONE and DIFFERENT. He is the manifestation of Creative Energy.This Group Dance is an example of ‘Individualistic Rhythm’.

‘RAAS LEELA’-LORD KRISHNA IN VRINDAVAN DANCING WITH GOPIS, SIMULTANEOUSLY ONE AND DIFFERENT-A MANIFESTATION OF CREATIVE ENERGY AND CREATIVE POTENCY CALLED MAYA

**Whole Phenomenon – Whole Creator – The Doctrine of Whole Creationism: The Doctrine of Creation and Creative Potency called Maya. Simultaneously One and Different.**

The Doctrine of Creation and the Creative Potency called Maya:

The term creation refers to the beginning of things and it helps man to specify his place in the universe and serves as a basis for the orientation of man in the world. The ideas about creation impact our culture in a very significant manner and shape man’s identity.

Krishna Consciousness – Defining Indian Identity

**Whole Phenomenon – Whole Creator – The Doctrine of Whole Creationism: Krishna Consciousness. The Doctrine of Creation and Creative Potency called Maya. Simultaneously One and Different.**

Krishna is known from the descriptions given in the Indian epic poems of Bhagavata Purana, Mahabharat, and The Bhagavad Gita (The Lord’s Song).
Jayadeva (late 12th century), the author of celebrated Sanskrit poem ‘GITA GOVINDA’ (“Song of Cowherd”), described Lord Krishna’s delightful and enchanting pastimes, His playful activities are popularly known as “Raas Leela.” Jayadeva used the Sanskrit word “Adbhuta” (an amazing feat) to narrate the mystical ability of Krishna to present Himself in several different forms at one and the same time. Jayadeva’s Gita Govinda gives the readers a sense of joy and the devotional service to Lord Krishna gives a chance to experience a sense of sweetness which is called Madhurya in the Sanskrit Language.
Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (16th century) established the sublime doctrine of Krishna: ‘Simultaneously One and Different’. He promoted devotion to Krishna and I claim that ‘Krishna Consciousness’ defines my Indian Identity.

Lord Krishna – The Cause of all Causes (The Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 7, The Yoga of Wisdom, The Knowledge of Absolute, verse 19):
Lord Krishna is the primary cause of all material manifestations. The Sanskrit word ‘Maya’ describes the creative energy or potency of Lord Krishna (Bhagavad Gita 7:25).

Maya is the governing principle of the material manifestation of the universe and all that it contains. Krishna described Himself as the Supreme Lord, as the governing principle of material manifestation (Bhagavad Gita 7:30).

The creative energy works on three different levels. 1. Material creation leads to the creation of the total material energy known by the Sanskrit word Maha Tattva. 2. The creative principle enters into all the universes to create diversities in each of them. The fundamental particles that constitute matter have varying characteristics and properties. The individual variations are an attribute of a creative process. 3. The creative force is diffused as the all-pervading Supersoul in all the universes and is known by the Sanskrit word ‘Paramatma’. It is present even in atoms.

The material universe is a manifestation of the energy of the Lord. All the activities of the material world are directed by the above mentioned three forms of creative energy. However, a distinction could be made between non-living matter and the living entities. It may be said that the living entities are the manifestation of superior energy as they exist by exploiting the products of the gross and subtle inferior energy that manifests as matter (Bhagavad Gita 7:5).

Krishna consciousness is active in every sphere. Earth, water, fire, air, and every active principle, all chemicals, and all material elements are due to Krishna (Bhagavad Gita 7:4).

He is the origin and dissolution of all that is material and all that is spiritual in this world (Bhagavad Gita 7:6).

He is the original fragrance of this earth, He is the light in the fire, and He is the life of all that lives (Bhagavad Gita 7:9).

He is the taste of water, the light of the sun and the moon, and He is the syllable’ AUM’, He is the sound in ether, and He is the ability in man (Bhagavad Gita 7:8).

Lord Krishna is the original seed of all existences (Bhagavad Gita 7:10).

**Whole Phenomenon – Whole Creator – The Doctrine of Whole Creationism: The Doctrine of Creation and Creative Potency called Maya.**

Most interestingly, a similar claim is made in the Gospel According to Apostle John. The Book of John, chapter 1, verse 3 states, “All things were made through Him, and without Him, nothing was made that was made.” The Bhagavad Gita describes Lord Krishna as the Controller, and all living entities are controlled by Him.

THE DIVERSE ENERGIES OF THE LORD:

All states or modes of existence such as goodness, passion, and ignorance are manifestations of His energy (Bhagavad Gita 7:12). The material nature is known by the Sanskrit word ‘Prakriti’, and all living entities are viewed as the multi energies of Krishna.
The difference lies in the quantity of energy that they contain. Energies are always controlled by the ‘Energetic’, the true source of energy. As such living entities are always controlled and they have no independent existence. While Krishna is everything, but He is independent. He is not controlled by the modes of this material nature (Bhagavad Gita 7:12).

Humans exist by drawing energy from material nature and Krishna has no such dependence. Human life is a manifestation of the creative power and energy and the existence is dependent upon the five life-giving forces contained in the material nature. Sun and moon are seen as components of the sky. They control the biological rhythms of all living creatures. The energy from Sun is trapped by the plants and is converted into complex compounds by a process known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is also the source of stored energies such as coal, fossil fuels, and natural gas. The Earth and its atmosphere provide all the nutrients (directly or indirectly via the mechanism of the food chains), the minerals, and the elements that are important for the structure and functioning of living entities. Water is the chief ingredient of living organisms. The act of breathing, the mechanism of respiration is an important physiological mechanism for living cells. The ability to use wind/air to a great extent defines the living process. Respiration is the process by which the cells generate energy for their activities. Fire provides the heat and energy for all metabolic activities and we exist by burning sugars and other energy providing sources. Nature (Five Life giving Energies) supports life and it helps to bring forth new members from preexisting forms of life but can not generate new beings on its own. Life can not begin spontaneously without the intervention of a creative force/energy.

What is Creativity?

Whole Phenomenon – Whole Creator – The Doctrine of Whole Creationism: The Doctrine of Creation and Creative Potency called Maya. All living things exist as Individuals with Individuality even if the Genome is cloned or genetically identical. The variation expressed is the nature of the DNA molecule.

Creative power is the power that is able to bring forth new beings. Creativity is the ability to make or otherwise bring into existence something new. The single most important element in the creative process is believed to be originality or uniqueness. Nature (Five Life giving Energies) helps in the process of replication/reproduction and sustains life. As per the Biogenetic Law, a species breeds to produce its own kind. Creativity imparts that label of distinctiveness by causing individualistic variations.
Krishna is the personification of that creative energy and the beautiful paintings of ‘Raas Leela’ are an example of His ability to be one and different at the same time.

Whole Phenomenon – Whole Creator – The Doctrine of Whole Creationism: The Doctrine of Creation and Creative Potency called Maya. The existence of all living things as Individuals with Individualistic Variations is the manifestation of the Creative Potency called Maya

Supreme Phenomenon of Human Birth – The Celebration of Lord Krishna

The Divine Phenomenon - The Power of Creation — **Supreme Phenomenon of Human Birth – The Celebration of Lord Krishna. The Power of Creation is directly experienced by holding your own baby.**

A child is a ‘Supreme Phenomenon’; not even the father, nor the mother can surpass it. There is nothing more sublime than the living touch of your own baby. You can experience the ‘Power of Creation’ by simply holding your baby.

SUPREME PHENOMENON

By R. Suryanarayana Murthy

I saw thee dragging thy feet up the stairs

Making me watch every movement of thine

Step by step, you steadied up,

Thy broad smile hiding all thy effort

What angel pushes thee up no eye can see.

I saw thee stretching, hugging the mother earth,

Rising and falling while crawling all the way;

All to thyself, no pitfall to frighten thee,

Nor danger lurking can stop thee going

And when the journey was finished there is that glow

“Who can beat me in the race?” thy challenge goes out

Thou art the victor in all such deeds.

Thou wert the star attraction of all ages,

Napoleon acclaiming thee as the greatest of all creation;

Saintly Gandhi hugged thee to press his lips on thine

“Chacha” Nehru crawled by thy side forgetting his power and pomp;

Can the royal throne or sceptred sway provide anything equal to thee?

Thou hast remained through ages humanity’s main hope in a naughty world.

Why did the Buddha see in thy birth unredeemed sorrow and suffering?

Why was it that Jesus saw in thy advent the gnawing pain of unsullied sin?

Or why was it the great Sankara said that thy emergence was enveloped in ‘Maya’ or illusion?

Thou did confound every philosopher and kept to thyself the mystery surrounding thy species

Thou an enigma and a riddle proclaiming the unanswerable divine will.

Still the world all over rejoices in thee and gives thee royal welcome

Without thee life is a desert with no flower to bloom,

Without thee the sweetest of poetry finds no place in heart

Thou art the greatest messenger of love

And give thy message to everybody, “Love thy neighbour as thou lovest thy child,

And see in every person a latent child

And discard all hatred that corrodes the soul.”

What more sublime is there than thy living touch

What greater joy is there than thy winning smile?

For me thou art a Supreme Phenomenon

With none to surpass not even the father, nor the mother.

(This poem was published in Indian Express, Hyderabad (A.P.) Daily Edition dated November 09, 1986.)

Whole Dude – Whole Planner

**Whole Dude – Whole Designer – The Master Planner is still at Work: The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods describes the concept of Whole Designer**

Yes Indeed, Life is Complicated. The complexity of Life involves the complex nature of the designing of the Living Things and as the Master Planner is still at Work, man gets the opportunity to visualize the artistic scheme of the World in which he exists.

Whole Dude – Whole Designer: The Cuckoo of India called “KOEL”, Eudynamys scolopacea . I only want to be heard and I do not want to be seen. I speak about the relation between sound and echo, the song and the singer, the Creator, and the created.

What it is to be a Substance? and What it is to Exist? We need to establish knowledge about the man and the world on a firm basis and the information it provides must be tested for its accuracy and consistency with an external reality. We have to make the fundamental distinction between the living and the non-living matter. The scientific advances of the 19th and 20th centuries reinforced the materialistic position concerning the basic similarity of organic living and inorganic physical matter. The man is viewed as a product of natural evolution and is thought to be subject to the same laws of Physics and Chemistry or mechanistic principles without the operation of any creative mechanism.

I speak about the relation between sound and echo, the song and the singer, the Creator, and the created.

**The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods describes the concept of Whole Designer**. **I speak about the relation between sound and echo, the song and the singer, the Creator, and the created.**

I use the method of ‘Applied Philosophy’ to analyze the concept of Spiritual Optics, the Spiritual dimension of biological coloration and to explain the concept of Whole Designer.

What is Color and What is Coloration?

The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods describes the concept of Whole Designer. What is Color? What is Coloration? I speak about the relation between sound and echo, the song and the singer, the Creator, and the created.

The term ‘color’ refers to the spectral qualities of emitted or reflected light. The term ‘coloration’ is a dynamic and complex characteristic that has captured human interest and attention for a long time. The human interest to coloration ranges from purely aesthetic to the rigidly pragmatic.

Biological Coloration:

Biological Coloration refers to the general appearance of an organism as determined by the quality and quantity of light that is reflected or emitted from its surface. This Coloration depends upon several factors:

1. The integrity and deployment of the structural units and features involved in the generation of color,

2. The color and distribution of the organism’s pigments, and the relative location of differently colored areas,

3. The shape, posture, position, and movement of the organism,

4. The quality and quantity of light striking the organism, including the seasonal light and temperature variations,

5. The psychological, behavioral, hormonal, and other physiological conditions associated with the use of color,

6. The visual capacity of the viewer.

The comprehensive understanding of biological coloration demands a study of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Biology, Psychology and other subjects.

Whole Dude-Whole Designer

The term design means to make a plan, a pattern, or outline and carry out the execution by artistic arrangement in a skillful way. To produce an artistic unit, the designer will arrange the parts; details of form, color, etc., to fit into the artful scheme. Unlike an artist, the Whole Designer creates the whole scene using own imaginative power. Earth is in existence for a very long time. I invite my readers to reflect upon the designing of some of the living things which are recognized for their longevity.

The Designing of the Living Things. The Concept of Whole Designer. **I speak about the relation between sound and echo, the song and the singer, the Creator, and the created.** THIS IMAGE OF DIVIDING YEAST CELLS DESCRIBES A REAL POTENTIAL IMMORTALITY IN SIMPLE ORGANISMS THAT ARE SINGLE-CELLED AND REPRODUCE BY ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION CALLED FISSION.

Who is the Artist? Who is the Designer?

No single function can explain the coloration of living things. We need a comprehensive theory that predicts the lines and patterns of coloration of plants and animals. An artist’s palette containing only three properly chosen colors is entirely adequate under most circumstances to produce the various visual effects of color that is observed. The optical mechanisms involved in the production of color are complex. Coloration is a dynamic and complex characteristic and the term must be clearly distinguished from the term ‘color’ which only refers to the spectral qualities of emitted or reflected light.

***WholeDude – Whole Artist : Chilean Mimulus flowers. Mimulus luteus. Who is the artist that caused this visual effect?***

It is apparent that plants, and animals have no cognitive abilities to produce the coloration by which they are recognized. However, the coloration displayed gives us a clue about the nature of the “Whole Artist” who could be using imagination, has feelings for the forms created and seeks satisfaction from the visual effects that he produced. If man has the ability called visual perception, he must use the ability to visualize the “Whole Artist” who is at work. I ask my readers to give attention to the three dimensions of Color Perception. These are, 1. The Designer or the Artist, 2. The Object of Perception, and 3. The visual capacity of the Viewer.

THE WHOLE JOY OF CHRISTMAS 2018. WHOLE CHRIST – WHOLE LOVE

THE WHOLE JOY OF CHRISTMAS 2018.

WHOLE CHRIST – WHOLE LOVE:

WHOLE CHRIST – WHOLE LOVE: The term “Whole Christ” refers to Jesus before His human birth, during His earthly existence, after His Resurrection, and to the Hope of His Second Coming to establish the ‘Kingdom of Heaven on Earth’.

The term “Whole Love” describes God’s Unconditioned Love that is not determined by human knowledge and rationality. The Birth of Jesus cannot be fully accounted by human knowledge and rationality for man lacks the ability to account for his own existence.

The word Christ (Greek. Christos) refers to the Messiah whose appearance is prophesied in the Old Testament and is used as a title to describe Jesus of Nazareth. I am using the phrase “WholeChrist” to describe Jesus before His human birth, Jesus during the years spent on this Earth, Jesus after His Resurrection, and Jesus who gives the Hope of the Second Coming to establish ‘The Kingdom of Heaven on Earth’. The word Christ may not communicate the entirety of Jesus and in the four Gospels, we do not obtain the full picture as the event called ‘The Second Coming’ has not yet taken place. The word “Love” (Hebrew. ‘Ahavah’, Greek. ‘agape’) is presented in Scripture as the very nature or essence of God, the supreme attribute in which all other attributes are harmonized. Love is a bond that unites all virtues. I consider the Power/Force/Energy of Mercy, Grace, and Compassion as the operating mechanism of God’s Love and could be simply called Divine Providence. I am using the phrase “whole love” to describe God’s Unconditioned Love that is not determined or fully accounted by human knowledge and human rationality. In other words, I have no ability to empower myself to receive Unconditioned Love. I cannot manipulate God’s Whole Love through my actions, behavior, or even prayers. I can experience Whole Love but, I cannot explain or fully account for the existence of that Love.

WHOLE CHRIST – WHOLE LOVE – WHOLE CREATION: THE BIRTH OF JESUS:

Whole Christ – Whole Love – Whole Creation: The Birth of Jesus as a Spiritual Being cannot be fully accounted for by using human knowledge and human rationality.

Man must try to know and understand as to where he exists and as to how he exists. God uses the dimension called WholeLove to bring Unity and Harmony between the dimensions of Matter, Energy, Time, and Space to create man and the World in which man exists.

Man cannot explain the Birth of Jesus using his scientific knowledge. The Birth of Jesus can only be understood as a fact of Creation, a creative event. It should not come as a surprise as each human being who took birth on Earth has always arrived as an original, unique, distinctive, and one of its own kind of object with a genome that never existed in the past and would also never exist again in the future. Each man is born as a created being and the birth of Jesus as a singular event reveals a creative mechanism not known to man and not subject to the limitations of man’s rational power. God uses the dimension called WholeLove to bring Unity and Harmony between the dimensions of Matter, Energy, Time, and Space to create man and the World in which man exists.

WHOLE CHRIST – WHOLE LOVE – WHOLE EXISTENCE:

Whole Christ – Whole Love – Whole Existence: The Birth of Jesus and His earthly existence describes the operation of a Supreme, Spiritual Whole Law that harmonizes all Laws of Nature that operate in the physical world to establish Whole Existence which may be stated as a Law of Conservation:” Matter is neither created nor destroyed.” Similarly, it can be stated: “Life is neither created nor destroyed.”

Whole Christ – Whole Love – Whole Existence: God Exists. Very often people raise the question about God’s place of existence in this vast universe of unknown dimensions. Where does man exist? How could the man be certain about the location of his own existence in this universe which is constantly moving every instant?

Whole Christ – Whole Love – Whole Existence: Where does man exist? It is easy to describe man’s place of existence in the Solar System, and Milky Way Galaxy. In reality, man exists in Space without any awareness of his position that is changing every instant. No object that is known in this universe continues to exist in the same position at two different instants. Man exists in a restless universe under the Blissful influence called Whole Love which shields man from the harsh realities of the physical universe.

To experience the Joy of Christmas, to seek the uplifting power of Jesus Christ, man must know the truth and reality about human existence. Human knowledge and rationality in themselves do nothing to justify human existence or the existence of this universe. To establish the fact of this human existence on one known planet called Earth is beyond the abilities of human cognitive powers. The biological basis of human existence demands the support of Love whose operating principles are Mercy, Grace, and Compassion. This Love is not conditioned by human behavior and human actions and not even prayers. Man cannot empower himself to acquire God’s Love using his free will. The good and evil actions of man, the right and bad conduct of man will be possible if and only if man’s existence precedes his actions and behavior. It is often argued that the evil and suffering in the world seems to count against the existence of God. I have to account for my physical existence before I can share the experience of pain, misery, disappointment, frustration, and suffering of my life’s condition. The fact or the reality of human pain and suffering cannot exclude the fact of God’s existence. The man at any given age and any given stage of his existence, from conception, physical birth, infancy, youth, adult, old age and death, in ill-health or good health depends upon an Unchanging Spiritual Principle to bring Unity and Harmony to maintain that condition or state called existence. This concept of God’s Unconditioned Love or WholeLove for man is shared by the Birth of Jesus. When I think of this Whole Love, I feel better, my mood gets uplifted, the burden of my painful existence is eased, and I can sense the Joy of the Season.

WHOLE CHRIST – WHOLE LOVE – WHOLE LAW:

Whole Christ – Whole Love – Whole Law: Love is defined by stating its attributes. Love is Patient. Love is Kind. Love does not envy. Love does not boast, it is not proud. Love is not rude. Love is not self-seeking. Love is not easily angered. Love protects, trusts, hopes, always persevere and Love never fails. Divine Mother Mary is seen expressing such Love for her baby Jesus.

Apostle Paul in his First Epistle to Corinthians, in the New Testament Book of 1 Corinthians, Chapter 13, verses #4 to 8 describes the attributes of Love: “Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy. It does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. Love always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails. But where there are prophecies, they will cease; where there are tongues, they will be stilled; where there is knowledge, it will pass away.” Jesus Christ while teaching the operating principle called Love, names Love as a Law, a Law above all other laws of nature, and above all other Commandments. In the Gospel According to Saint Matthew, Chapter 22, verses #37 to 40 “Whole Love” is explained as “Whole Law”: Jesus replied:” ‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.” Love is the supreme attribute, nature, and essence of God and at the same time, it operates as a Law above all other Laws of Nature and the commandments shared by Prophets. Whole Love can be stated as the Whole Law that governs the existence of man and gives the man the chance to experience Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in his living condition.

WHOLE CHRIST – WHOLE LOVE – WHOLE REALITY:

Whole Christ – Whole Love – Whole Reality: The Birth of Jesus Christ. Life is neither created nor destroyed. The term Whole Christ describes Jesus as an eternal, immortal, unborn Spiritual Principle that existed before His birth, that existed in the Middle or during His earthly Life and continues to exist in Future without being influenced by Time.

Apostle Paul in his First Epistle to Corinthians, in the New Testament Book of 1 Corinthians, Chapter 13, verse#13 states the Principle of Conservation: “And now these three remain: faith, hope, and love. But the greatest of these is love.” Man exists in a world that is restless and is constantly changing. The Individual, the created human being, is born, grows and develops, exists with a physical identity that constantly changes under the powerful influence of Time. The event called Death records the loss of that Physical Identity that is never constant at any time of its earthly existence. In the natural world, such changes in appearance are governed by the Laws of Conservation such as the Laws of Conservation of Mass, Energy, and Momentum. During man’s physical existence, the physical form and appearance change and yet the Spiritual Principles of Faith, Hope, and Love are conserved. Man cannot depend upon his knowledge and rationality as they are always subject to change. To know the Subjective and Objective Reality or the “whole Reality” of his ‘WholeExistence’, man needs to know the Law of Conservation of Faith, Hope, and Love.

WHOLE CHRIST – WHOLE LOVE – WHOLE PRAYER:

Whole Christ – Whole Love – Whole Prayer: The Gospel According to Saint Matthew, Chapter 6 gives the account of “Whole Prayer” that is popularly known as ‘Lord’s Prayer’. Father knows what you need before you ask Him. We pray, for His “WILL” be done on earth as it is in Heaven. The ‘Whole Prayer’ gives virtues such as Patience, Perseverance, Tolerance, and Kindness the attributes of ‘Whole Love’.

The word Prayer refers to man’s communication with God. It is a spiritual or devotional communication to make a humble, sincere request. Prayer is the act of supplication and it includes words of praise, words of thanksgiving, words of confession, and words of a plea seeking the sanction of favor to transform a mental desire into a physical reality in the external world. If God is omniscient, He must know of the evil; and if God is omnipotent, He must be able to remove the evil; and if God is perfectly benevolent and is loving, there should be no pain and suffering. To experience pain and misery, to experience suffering, disappointment, and frustration, I have to maintain the condition called existence. At a fundamental level, I have to understand my ability to know things, my power to rule or govern things, and I must know my ability to make choices to change things in my external environment. Jesus in the New Testament Book of Matthew, Chapter 6, verse# 8 instructs: “Do not be like them(pagans), for your Father knows what you need before you ask Him.” In Lord’s Prayer, Jesus makes it abundantly clear that the purpose of the ‘Whole Prayer’ is that of asking, “Your will be done on earth as it is in heaven.” Using my human knowledge and rationality, I can neither account for my existence nor account for my experience of pain and suffering which describes the nature of my existence. I describe ‘WholePrayer’ as an act of Faith, and Hope in recognition of the fact or reality called WholeLove that imparts its qualities and virtues such as Patience, Perseverance, Tolerance, and Kindness. Even if I cannot change the circumstances of my life that cause or give the experience of pain, suffering, and misery, the acceptance of Whole Love makes me pain-tolerant and pain-resistant. It gives me the strength called ‘Endurance’ to overcome the challenge called the ‘Stress of Life’.

Whole Christ – Whole Love: “That which is done out of Love always takes place beyond Good and Evil.” (Nietzsche). Man, with his Good or Evil actions and behavior cannot control the flow of God’s Unconditioned or ‘WholeLove’.

I wish you all a Merry Christmas.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

https://bhavanajagat.com/2009/12/25/The-Joy-of-Christmas-The-Uplifting-Power-of-Christ/

WHOLE MENDELISM – #WholeMendelism VS DARWINISM

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE Vs HUMAN EVOLUTION WHOLE MENDELISM #WholeMendelism Vs DARWINISM:

The origin of Man, or the Beginning of Man as a new form of Life may have a basis that lies outside operation of natural causes. Mendelism, ‘The Theory of Heredity’ formulated by Gregor Mendel provides insights to the problem of man’s origin. on the basis of Mendelism, it can be said that man did not descend from Primates and is not truly related to other members of Hominid Family. Man’s relationship with other zoological species has to be explained on the basis of reproductive history and inheritance of biological traits. I coined the phrase “Whole Mendelism” #WholeMendelism to claim that man had arrived on planet Earth due to a special act of creation. There are no natural conditions, no natural factors, no natural mechanisms, no natural processes and no natural causes to transform any of previously existing members of Hominid Family to establish the reality of anatomically modern man. To make transition from an old species to a new species which is often called ‘EVOLUTION’ or ‘DARWINISM’, the breeding interactions of species involved must operate according to the Laws of Inheritance discovered by Gregor Johann Mendel, the Father of Genetics. In this article, I would like to describe the Laws of Inheritance and the problems that I encounter to verify Darwinism while using the Mendelian Principles of Heredity and Variation. For example, if evolutionary biologists or anthropologists claim that anatomically modern human species or its immediate ancestral species had reproduced with archaic hominids such as Neanderthals, the human genome has to include one complete ‘Haploid’ set of chromosomes normally occurring in the mature germ cell called egg or sperm which means 22 chromosomes(Autosomes), and 1 X or Y chromosome(Sex chromosome) derived exclusively from Neanderthal genome. Secondly, human population must include a few members that can be clearly identified as Neanderthal.

THE ORIGIN AND EXTINCTION OF SPECIES:

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : AFTER THE ORIGIN OF LIFE ON EARTH FOR A VERY, VERY LONG TIME( ABOUT 3.5 BILLION YEARS) IT COMPRISED OF SIMPLER FORMS OF LIFE . SUDDENLY, ABOUT 600 MILLION YEARS AGO NUMEROUS MARINE CREATURES ARRIVED TO CAUSE AN "EXPLOSION OF LIFE." — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : AFTER THE ORIGIN OF LIFE ON EARTH FOR A VERY, VERY LONG TIME( ABOUT 3.5 BILLION YEARS) IT COMPRISED OF SIMPLER FORMS OF LIFE . SUDDENLY, ABOUT 600 MILLION YEARS AGO NUMEROUS MARINE CREATURES ARRIVED TO CAUSE AN “EXPLOSION OF LIFE.”

It will be interesting to note that a vast majority of species found on Earth have emerged suddenly and have disappeared suddenly. For example, Cambrian, first geologic Period in the Paleozoic Era witnessed sudden emergence of a great variety of marine animals especially trilobites and brachiopods about 600 million years ago. This “Explosion of Life” is aptly named ‘Cambrian Explosion’. Similarly, towards the end of Cretaceous Period, third geologic Period of the Mesozoic Era and the beginning of Tertiary Period of the Cenozoic Era, about 65 million years ago, a global extinction event called K-T Event was responsible for eliminating approximately 80 percent of all species of animals. Dinosaurs which reached maximum development became extinct while new forms of life appeared with new hereditary traits.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THESE DEEP SEA CREATURES OF ATLANTIC OCEAN, LAMELLIBRACHIA LUYMESI, TUBE WORMS, INVERTEBRATES BELONG TO PHYLUM ANNELIDA LIVE ON THE OCEAN FLOOR ALONG HYDROCARBON VENTS. TUBE WORMS TAKE 170 TO 250 YEARS TO GROW AND HAVE SURVIVED AS A SPECIES WITHOUT CONCERN FOR CHANGING TIMES. — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THESE DEEP SEA CREATURES OF ATLANTIC OCEAN, LAMELLIBRACHIA LUYMESI, TUBE WORMS, INVERTEBRATES BELONG TO PHYLUM ANNELIDA LIVE ON THE OCEAN FLOOR ALONG HYDROCARBON VENTS. TUBE WORMS TAKE 170 TO 250 YEARS TO GROW AND HAVE SURVIVED AS A SPECIES WITHOUT CONCERN FOR CHANGING TIMES SINCE PRECAMBRIAN ERA .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : DARWINISM CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF A VARIETY OF MARINE LIFE FORMS IN AN EVENT CALLED 'CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION' ABOUT 570 MILLION YEARS AGO . GEODUCK, BIVALVE CLAMS ARE AMONG THE OLDEST ANIMALS IN THE WORLD WITH LIFESPANS OF ABOUT 146 TO 160 YEARS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : DARWINISM CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF A VARIETY OF MARINE LIFE FORMS IN AN EVENT CALLED ‘CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION’ ABOUT 570 MILLION YEARS AGO . PANOPEA GENEROSA, GEODUCK(NATIVE AMERICAN CHINOOK NAME), BIVALVE, WORLD’S LARGEST BURROWING SALT WATER CLAMS FOUND IN THE US PUGET SOUND ARE AMONG THE OLDEST ANIMALS IN THE WORLD WITH LIFESPANS OF ABOUT 146 TO 160 YEARS .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY EXTINCTION EVENT ABOUT 65 MILLION YEARS AGO WIPED OUT APPROXIMATELY 80 PERCENT OF ALL SPECIES OF ANIMALS INCLUDING A GREAT VARIETY OF DINOSAURS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY EXTINCTION EVENT ABOUT 65 MILLION YEARS AGO WIPED OUT APPROXIMATELY 80 PERCENT OF ALL SPECIES OF ANIMALS INCLUDING A GREAT VARIETY OF DINOSAURS .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : DARWINISM CANNOT EXPLAIN EITHER THE EMERGENCE OF NEW SPECIES OR EXTINCTION OF OLD SPECIES. NATURAL FACTORS, NATURAL CONDITIONS, NATURAL MECHANISMS , AND NATURAL CAUSES CANNOT FULLY ACCOUNT FOR EXTINCTION OF THE LARGE-BODIED ICE AGE MAMMALS SUCH AS WOOLLY RHINOCEROS, WOOLY MAMMOTHS, MASTODONS, AND SABERTOOTH CARNIVORES . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : DARWINISM CANNOT EXPLAIN EITHER THE EMERGENCE OF NEW SPECIES OR EXTINCTION OF OLD SPECIES. NATURAL FACTORS, NATURAL CONDITIONS, NATURAL MECHANISMS , AND NATURAL CAUSES CANNOT FULLY ACCOUNT FOR EXTINCTION OF THE LARGE-BODIED ICE AGE MAMMALS SUCH AS WOOLLY RHINOCEROS, WOOLY MAMMOTHS, MASTODONS, AND SABERTOOTH CARNIVORES .

In Darwinism, new species arise when, among the varieties of an existing species, certain intermediate forms become extinct, and the other circumstances are such that the surviving varieties now become more sharply separated from one another in type, and are able to reproduce their kind, and , in the course of many generations of interbreeding, also tend to breed true. This ‘Theory of Evolution’ is not consistent with Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance and Variation. The Unit Character called ‘GENE’ conserves its identity during the process of reproduction which could be either ‘Inbreeding’, or ‘Interbreeding’. A species is always known by its reproductive history for the Unit Characters or Genes get propagated to the next generation during both inbreeding and interbreeding process.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL(1822-1884), THE FATHER OF GENETICS . AT THE AUGUSTINIAN MONASTERY IN BRNO(1843-1868), HE CONDUCTED OVER 29,000 BREEDING EXPERIMENTS CHIEFLY ON GARDEN PEAS(PISUM SATIVUM).

Gregor Johann Mendel(1822-1884), Austrian monk noted for his experimental work on Heredity. At the Augustinian monastery in Brno(1843-1868) he conducted experiments chiefly on Garden Peas(Pisum sativum) using a controlled pollination technique and a careful statistical analysis of his results. He produced the first accurate and scientific explanation of ‘Hybridization’. Some evolutionary geneticists and evolutionary anthropology scholars have shared opinions claiming that the ‘hybridization’ of unknown, ancestral Homo sapiens with other species of the genus Homo such as Neanderthals, and Denisova hominids may have resulted in production of anatomically modern humans(Homo sapiens sapiens). Their views on blending of hereditary factors is not supported by Mendel’s classic experiments in Hybridization. According to Mendel, inheritance is particulate. Distinct genetic factors combine to produce a certain somatic result without losing their separate identities. They can therefore be reassorted and enter into new genetic combinations in the next generation. The hypothesis of Hybridized Anatomically Modern(HAM) humans is fundamentally inconsistent with the Laws of Inheritance discovered by Mendel. If modern man is a product of Hybridization, the present, surviving human population would include a few surviving members of Neanderthals, Denisova, and other ancestral hominids who successfully reproduced with an unknown, ancestral Homo sapiens species which got transformed into ‘HAM’ humans.

THE LAW OF BIOGENESIS AND THE LAW OF NATURAL GENERATION :

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : HUMAN CHROMOSOMES AND HUMAN IDENTITY . MAN REPRODUCES AND FURTHER PROPAGATES HIS CHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE ACCORDING TO THE LAW OF BIOGENESIS AND THE LAW OF NATURAL GENERATION . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : DIPLOID SET OF HUMAN CHROMOSOMES AND HUMAN GENOTYPE . MAN REPRODUCES AND FURTHER PROPAGATES HIS CHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE ACCORDING TO THE LAW OF BIOGENESIS AND THE LAW OF NATURAL GENERATION . HUMAN OFFSPRING WILL ALWAYS BE OF THE SAME SPECIES AS THE PARENT ORGANISM . THE TERM GENOME DESCRIBES THE SET OF GENES CHARACTERISTIC OF EACH SPECIES .

The term ‘Generation’ means to produce offspring. The term ‘Propagation’ means to transmit hereditary characteristics by reproduction. The Law of Biogenesis states the Principle that living organisms originate only from other living organisms closely similar to themselves. It is ‘The Law of Like Generating Like’. A species always breeds true to its own species. Its members always generate organisms which are classified as belonging to the same species, however much they vary among themselves as individuals within the group. The sub-groups, the races, or varieties of species are able to breed with one another, but diverse species cannot interbreed. By the Law of Natural Generation, offspring will always be of the same species as the parent organism. Hence, species is self-perpetuating and maintain stability of all other groupings like the genera, phyla, and families which remain as fixed from generation to generation. In Plant and Animal Kingdom, a species distinguishes itself by its ability to maintain its stability from generation to generation. The Mendelian System of Heredity states that an inherited characteristic is determined by the combination of two hereditary units(now called genes), one from each of the parental reproductive cells or gametes(Sperm and Egg Cell). The term genome describes the complete haploid set of chromosomes of a sexually reproducing organism normally occurring in mature germ cell called egg or sperm. This number of chromosomes is characteristic of each species. Every human being arrives on planet Earth with an original, unique, distinctive, and one of its own kind of genome that has never, ever existed in the past, and would never exist again in the future. Sexual reproduction is a creative process which involves a type of cell division called ‘MEIOSIS’ that results in production of Sperm or Egg Cell. Fertilization of egg cell by sperm always creates a new kind of genome while the number of chromosomes(Diploid set) that is the chief attribute of species is held constant.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE : — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : HUMAN BIRTH REQUIRES THE UNION OF TWO HEREDITARY UNITS, ONE FROM EACH OF THE PARENTAL REPRODUCTIVE CELLS OR GAMETES (SPERM AND EGG CELL) . MEIOSIS OR HAPLOID DIVISION IS A HIGHLY CREATIVE PROCESS AS IT GENERATES A UNIQUE , ORIGINAL, DISTINCTIVE, AND ONE OF ITS OWN KIND OF GENOME, A COMPLETE HAPLOID SET OF CHROMOSOMES WHILE THE DIPLOID SET OF CHROMOSOMES AFTER FERTILIZATION OR CONCEPTION IS CONSTANT .

THE ORIGIN OR THE BEGINNING OF ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS:

To explain the Origin of Man, The Beginning of Man on the basis of Darwinism, demands presence of two, identical, rare, mutant individuals(a male, and a female) to produce offspring and to establish an entirely new, modern human population in all geographical regions of the Old World. About 10, 000 years ago, modern humans may have shared the planet with a few surviving members of Neanderthals and other hominid species. Techniques of DNA extraction and genomic sequencing have advanced and find application in the understanding of the genus Homo. The claims about Hybridization of archaic humans such as Neanderthals with Homo sapiens finds support from DNA studies of the current, members of human population as compared to DNA sequences extracted from Neanderthal fossils. But those shared genetic traits are not of major significance and do not account for the morphological appearance of either Neanderthal or modern man. At the same time, it may be noted that 30 – 35, 000 years ago, Neanderthals disappeared from the fossil record. Similarly, Hominid Denisova, discovered in Altai Mountains, Southern Siberia lived 41, 000 years ago. Homo sapiens floresiensis(Flores Man) of Indonesia suddenly disappeared 12, 000 years ago. Hominid Red Deer discovered in China lived 14.5 to 11.5 thousand years ago. To make a credible claim about interbreeding between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, we need to demonstrate presence of traits characteristic of Homo sapiens in the DNA extracted from Neanderthal fossil specimens. It will be correct to claim that from Holocene Epoch or Series, approximately for the last 10, 000 years, modern humans constitute the only surviving members of the Hominid Family found on planet Earth.

Charles Darwin uses the term species to signify “a set of individuals closely resembling each other” – a class of plants or animals having certain characteristics. The French naturalist George Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon(1707-1788) in his monumental compendium on Natural History(Histoire Naturelle General et Particuliere, 44 Volumes, 1749-1804) described man as a zoological species. Buffon determined species not by their physical appearances but by their reproductive history. Two individual animals or plants are of the same species if they can produce fertile offspring. According to Buffon, a species is known only through the history of its propagation. Buffon opened the way to development of Paleontology to discover lost species. The status of Anatomically Modern Humans as a distinct species is verified as human populations consist of members that are genetically similar, interbreeding or potentially interbreeding individuals that share the same collection of inherited characteristics, whose combination is unique to our species. Diverse species cannot interbreed. Organisms different in species cannot reproduce productively and if crossbred, like the horse and the ass, they produce a sterile hybrid like the mule. Hybrid is the term for the offspring of a cross between two different subspecies or species. In Genetics, hybrid is the term for the offspring of parents differing in any genetic characteristic.Interbreeding or Hybridization means to produce offspring by crossing two individuals of unlike genetic constitution. The offspring of different races, varieties, species, etc., are called ‘hybrids’. If Neanderthal is one of the parents of Anatomically Modern Humans, identity of the second Hominid parent has to be ascertained, and the characteristics of that parent are accounted for using Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance. The social and cultural behavior of anatomically modern man consistently displays a tendency that prefers and encourages ‘inbreeding’. The prevailing social and cultural norms of human society in general tend to oppose sexual behavior that may be identified as ‘interbreeding’. In selection of a mate for breeding, anatomically modern man prefers an individual who closely resembles the members of his/her own stock.

The concept of Hybridized Anatomically Modern(HAM) humans cannot be verified in absence of any surviving members of Neanderthal, Denisova, or other Hominid population with whom modern man may have reproduced about 10, 000 years ago.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE :

Mendel demonstrated the inheritance patterns through breeding experimentations. He discovered in 1866 hereditary factors or “genes” whose existence he deduced without seeing them. Mendel’s statistical analysis of his data provided the mathematical basis for modern Genetics. There are four principles of hereditary phenomenon discovered and formulated by Mendel :

1. The Law of Independent Unit Characters which states that characters such as height, color, etc., are inherited separately as Units,

2. The Law of Segregation which states that body cells and primordial germ cells contain pairs of such Unit Characters and that when gametes(Sperm or Egg Cell) are produced, each gamete receives only one member of each such pair,

3. The Law of Dominance which states that in every individual there is a pair of determining factors for each Unit Character, one from each parent, if these factors are different(heterozygous), one Character( the Dominant) appears in the organism, the other( Recessive) being latent; the Recessive Character can appear in the organism only when the Dominant is absent; hence in all crossbred generations, Unit Characters are shown in varying combinations, each appearing in a definite proportion of the total number of offspring, and

4. The Law of Independent Assortment which states that any one pair of Characters is inherited independently, not withstanding the simultaneous transmission of other traits. This Law is modified by the discovery of Linkage and Pleiotropy. Linkage describes the tendency of some genes to remain together and act as a Unit or Linkage Group. In Inheritance, the Linkage Group of genes are generally found in the same chromosome. Pleiotropy is the condition in which a single gene exerts simultaneous effects on more than one character in the offspring.

ABOUT GENETICS AND THE CONSTANCY OF GENETIC CODE :

Genetics is an important aspect of many areas of Biology. Genetics helps in the study and identification of specific types of organisms; research in Molecular Genetics involves studies on chemical structure and functions of genes at molecular level; Cyto Genetics studies location of genetic material in cells and the role of genes in cell division; Developmental Genetics studies the genetic function in embryological phenomena; Behavior Genetics studies the role of gene in regulating behavior; Population Genetics studies genetics in relation to the “evolutionary” process. Medical Genetics involves application of genetic principles to the practice of Medicine such as the study of inheritance of diseases in families. Genetic factors cause many health disorders affecting man. Some human diseases are entirely genetic in origin and environmental factors play little if any part. This group of genetic disorders includes chromosomal abnormalities, and so-called “Unifactorial Disorders” which are due to single gene defects or Mendelian factors. There are over 3 thousand of such unifactorial disorders. The mode of inheritance of such disorders is straight forward and follows Mendelian Principles. Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance have their practical applications in Medical Genetics. However, the use of Mendel’s Principles in Population Genetics to verify The Theory of Evolution is highly controversial because of the speculative postulates about transformation of old species into a new species . Several single-celled Blue-Green algae, plankton, microbes, viruses, protozoans, insects, crocodiles, turtles, sharks and other organisms are known to be existing upon Earth from billions to several millions of years. The unchanging genetic code in all past and present members of these long-lived species permit the genes to have the same effects on their carriers from generation to generation. Because of constancy of the genetic code, we can identify existence of individual species which maintain their species-specific traits as per Mendelian Principles. There are numerous kinds of longest living species on Earth and their identification is possible because of their genetic codes have essentially remained unchanged.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE CONSTANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE . BLUE-GREEN ALGAE, CYANOBACTERIA MAINTAIN THEIR SPECIES-SPECIFIC TRAITS FOR BILLIONS OF YEARS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE CONSTANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE . BLUE-GREEN ALGAE, CYANOBACTERIA MAINTAIN THEIR SPECIES-SPECIFIC TRAITS SINCE PRECAMBRIAN TIME, 3,800 TO 700 MILLION YEARS AGO .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : SPONGES ARE INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF THE PHYLUM PORIFERA . SPONGES ARE AMONG THE LONGEST LIVING ANIMAL SPECIES OF EARTH . THEY APPEARED IN CAMBRIAN PERIOD ABOUT 570 MILLION YEARS AGO . ANTARCTIC SPONGE CAN LIVE FOR CENTURIES . OLDEST KNOWN SPONGE ESTIMATED AGE 1, 550 YEARS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : SPONGES ARE INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF THE PHYLUM PORIFERA . SPONGES ARE AMONG THE LONGEST LIVING ANIMAL SPECIES OF EARTH . THEY APPEARED IN CAMBRIAN PERIOD ABOUT 570 MILLION YEARS AGO . ANTARCTIC SPONGE CAN LIVE FOR CENTURIES . OLDEST KNOWN SPONGE ESTIMATED AGE 1, 550 YEARS .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE CONSTANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE PERMIT THE GENES TO HAVE THE SAME EFFECTS ON THEIR CARRIERS FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION . AMERICAN COCKROACH IS EXISTING ON EARTH FOR MILLIONS OF YEARS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE CONSTANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE PERMIT THE GENES TO HAVE THE SAME EFFECTS ON THEIR CARRIERS FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION . AMERICAN COCKROACH IS EXISTING ON EARTH BASICALLY UNCHANGED FOR 300 MILLION YEARS . MOST ABUNDANT DURING THE CARBONIFEROUS PERIOD DURING WHICH A VARIETY OF INSECTS APPEARED .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS EVOLUTION : ARCTICA ISLANDICA . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : ARCTICA ISLANDICA . OCEAN QUAHOG OR CLAM . MOLLUSKS ARE ORGANISMS WITH SHELLS DATE BACK TO THE CAMBRIAN PERIOD, 500 MILLION YEARS AGO .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE CONSTANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE GIVES THE ABILITY TO IDENTIFY THE EXISTENCE OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES WHICH MAINTAIN THEIR SPECIES-SPECIFIC TRAITS . OVER MILLIONS OF YEARS, SHARKS HAVE MAINTAINED THEIR MORPHOLOGICAL APPEARANCE . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE CONSTANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE GIVES THE ABILITY TO IDENTIFY THE EXISTENCE OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES WHICH MAINTAIN THEIR SPECIES-SPECIFIC TRAITS . OVER 350 MILLION YEARS, SINCE THE END OF DEVONIAN PERIOD SHARKS HAVE MAINTAINED THEIR MORPHOLOGICAL APPEARANCE .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : SPHENODON TUATARA . THIS LIZARDLIKE REPTILE OF NEW ZEALAND IS KNOWN AS A LIVING FOSSIL . THIS SPECIES IS IN EXISTENCE FOR ABOUT 200-225 MILLION YEARS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : SPHENODON TUATARA . THIS LIZARDLIKE REPTILE OF NEW ZEALAND IS KNOWN AS A LIVING FOSSIL . THIS SPECIES IS IN EXISTENCE FOR ABOUT 200-225 MILLION YEARS .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : BASED UPON THEIR UNIQUE GENETIC CODES, ORGANISMS ARE KNOWN TO BE EXISTING UPON EARTH FOR SEVERAL MILLIONS OF YEARS . CROCODILES LIVED ALONG WITH DINOSAURS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : BASED UPON THEIR UNIQUE GENETIC CODES, ORGANISMS ARE KNOWN TO BE EXISTING UPON EARTH FOR SEVERAL MILLIONS OF YEARS . CROCODILES LIVED ALONG WITH DINOSAURS . ORIGINATED DURING THE LATE TRIASSIC PERIOD 200 MILLION YEARS AGO .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE ORIGIN OF THE GENETIC CODE IS UNKNOWN . THE VAST MAJORITY OF ORGANISMS BREED WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF THEIR OWN SPECIES PROPAGATING THEIR OWN UNIQUE GENETIC CODES . WE KNOW ABOUT LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS LIKE SEA TURTLES BECAUSE OF THE CONSTANCY OF THEIR GENETIC CODES . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE ORIGIN OF THE GENETIC CODE IS UNKNOWN . THE VAST MAJORITY OF ORGANISMS BREED WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF THEIR OWN SPECIES PROPAGATING THEIR OWN UNIQUE GENETIC CODES . WE KNOW ABOUT LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS LIKE SEA TURTLES BECAUSE OF THE CONSTANCY OF THEIR GENETIC CODES . TURTLES ARE IN EXISTENCE FROM THE TRIASSIC PERIOD, 200 MILLION YEARS AGO.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : ALASKA BOWHEAD WHALE . WHALES ORIGINATED IN THE EARLY TERTIARY OR UPPER CRETACEOUS ABOUT 70 MILLION YEARS AGO. — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : ALASKA BOWHEAD WHALE . WHALES ORIGINATED IN THE EARLY TERTIARY OR UPPER CRETACEOUS ABOUT 70 MILLION YEARS AGO.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : MONOTREMES . DUCK-BILLED PLATYPUS ORNITHO RHYNCHUS ANATINUS IS A SPECIES SURVIVING SINCE AUSTRALIAN PLEISTOCENE ABOUT 2 MILLION YEARS AGO. — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : MONOTREMES . DUCK-BILLED PLATYPUS ORNITHO RHYNCHUS ANATINUS IS A SPECIES SURVIVING SINCE AUSTRALIAN PLEISTOCENE ABOUT 2 MILLION YEARS AGO.

While describing Genetics as the area of Biology concerned with the study of inheritance, the process by which certain characteristics or traits of organisms are handed down from parent to offspring, I would like to suggest that a creative mechanism, a creative process or a creative operation could be at work when Genetics accounts for variations in similar or related animals and plants. I would like to emphasize the fact of all organisms existing as Individuals with Individuality. In Nature, living things have no choice other than that of existence as Individuals with Individuality. Even a mob of genetically identical(“CLONES”) colony of bacteria of E. coli are experimentally proved to behave as Individuals with Individuality.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : DOUBLE – HELIX DEOXYRIBO NUCLEIC ACID OR DNA IS FOUND IN CHROMOSOMES, THE STRUCTURES FOUND INSIDE THE NUCLEUS OF CELLS OF HIGHER ORGANISMS. THE DNA MOLECULE ALWAYS EXHIBITS INDIVIDUALISTIC VARIATION IN ITS BEHAVIOR .

In higher organisms with cells that contain a Nucleus, the genetic material called DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) is carried by structures known as Chromosomes in the Nucleus, and the cytoplasmic structures known as Mitochondria. The genetic material called RNA(ribonucleic acid) is found in the Nucleolus(present inside the Nucleus) and structures called Ribosomes found in the Cytoplasm.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE UNITS OF INHERITANCE ARE KNOWN AS GENES. THE GENES ARE FOUND INSIDE CHROMOSOMES THAT ARE PRESENT IN THE NUCLEUS OF CELLS OF HIGHER ORGANISMS . DNA IS FOUND IN CHROMOSOMES, MITOCHONDRIA, AND RIBOSOMES . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CELL IS THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCK OF LIVING THINGS . THE UNITS OF INHERITANCE ARE KNOWN AS GENES. THE GENES ARE FOUND INSIDE CHROMOSOMES THAT ARE PRESENT IN THE NUCLEUS OF CELLS OF HIGHER ORGANISMS . DNA, IS FOUND IN CHROMOSOMES, MITOCHONDRIA, AND RNA IS FOUND IN THE NUCLEOLUS AND RIBOSOMES .

The Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis present in the Cytoplasm. DNA interacts with ‘transfer RNA'(t-RNA), ‘Messenger RNA'(m-RNA), and Ribosomal RNA in the process of protein synthesis. The Chromosome is divided into Units called Genes. Each Gene is responsible for a particular trait and hence Gene is the Unit of inheritance. The term ‘allele’ describes either of a pair of genes at the same position on both members of a pair of chromosomes and conveying traits that are inherited by Mendelian Laws.There could be small chemical differences in genes that are expressed as different versions of the same trait (‘alleles’). Each gene is responsible for the manufacture of a particular protein which is involved in development of a trait associated with it. Each chromosome of each species of higher organisms has a definite number and arrangement of genes which govern the structure and functions of the cells. It is important to note that, while genes are located inside the Nucleus of the cell, the actual protein synthesis occurs in structures called Ribosomes present in the Cytoplasm outside the Nucleus. While we appreciate the role of genes as Units of Inheritance, we should give equal importance to the Living Substance, the Living Material, or the Living Matter called Cytoplasm that is found inside the living cells, outside the Nucleus of the cell. There are basically three classes of Genes: 1. Structural genes which determine the sequences of amino acids that go to makeup proteins or the smaller chain of molecules known as polypeptides, 2. Coding genes which specify molecules that function in the processes involved in protein synthesis, and 3. Regulatory genes which are called Noncoding genes for they act solely as “Recognition” sites for enzymes and other proteins involved in controlling protein synthesis.

THE GENETIC CODE AND THE ROLE OF MUTATIONS:

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : GENETIC CODE DESCRIBES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COMPOSITION OF DNA AND THAT OF PROTEINS PRODUCED BY GENES .

The Genetic Code describes the relationship between composition of DNA and that of proteins produced by genes. Genetic Code is the chemical equation by which hereditary information is translated from genes into proteins. Changes in the genetic code are called Mutations. Mutations can cause a change in protein synthesis. In higher organisms, when mutation involves the germ-line cells that eventually develop into sperm or egg cells, the mutation and its consequence of altered protein synthesis is inherited by offspring. A mutation can be minor and relatively insignificant, or it can cause serious deformity or metabolic deficiency in the organism. Most mutations tend to be harmful. Fortunately, a typical gene in higher organisms is segmented and the entire genetic information of a gene is not contained in a single, unbroken strand of DNA molecule. The value of having the genetic code in segments is to reduce the chances of mutations causing harmful changes in protein synthesis. Certain self-repair mechanisms also exist to deal with the damage done to DNA. Very often, the damaged DNA is repaired or the cell carrying the damaged DNA is killed and destroyed. For this reason, it is important to recognize the simple fact of DNA damage associated with mutations irrespective of its cause. The Theory of Evolution proposes that random, unguided, and apparently purposeless mutations lead to gradual changes in a species and eventually lead to its descent as a new species. As per the Theory of Evolution, mutations may bring about three kinds of changes; 1. Changes in the morphological appearance of an organism, 2. Changes in the skeletal and other anatomical structures of an organism, and 3. Changes in the behavior displayed by an organism.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : MUSCLE TWITCH IN FROG MUSCLE EXPERIMENT . MUTATIONS CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR GUIDED, SEQUENTIAL, AND PURPOSEFUL NATURE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS WHICH HAVE SEVERAL CREATIVE APPLICATIONS IN THE NATURAL WORLD . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : MUSCLE TWITCH IN FROG MUSCLE EXPERIMENT . MUTATIONS CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR GUIDED, SEQUENTIAL, AND PURPOSEFUL NATURE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS WHICH HAVE SEVERAL CREATIVE APPLICATIONS IN THE NATURAL WORLD .

In higher organisms, the cells are differentiated to perform special functions. For example, muscle cells have ability of contraction. This physiological function of contraction is easily demonstrated by applying an electrical stimulus to muscle as done in Muscle Twitch in Frog Experiment. Animals have different abilities of locomotion; some crawl or creep, or slide on a surface, some swim, or move in water, some fly or glide in air, and others walk, run, climb, and swing in a variety of amazing manners. Whatever may be the mode of locomotion, all animal muscle cells display the same physiological function of contraction. While the physiology remains the same, the muscles of each animal species display individualistic functional characteristics. For mutations are random, unguided, and purposeless, they cannot account for guided, sequential and purposeful nature of muscle contractions which have several creative applications in the natural world.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CHIMPANZEE AND OTHER APES HAVE 48 CHROMOSOMES WHEREAS MAN HAS ONLY 46 CHROMOSOMES . CHROMOSOMES 2a AND 2b FOUND IN APES IS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CHIMPANZEE AND OTHER APES HAVE 48 CHROMOSOMES WHEREAS MAN HAS ONLY 46 CHROMOSOMES . CHROMOSOMES 2 a AND 2 b FOUND IN APES ARE OF PARTICULAR INTEREST .

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : WHAT IS GENETIC DRIFT ???? CAN IT ACCOUNT FOR THE ARRIVAL OF ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS ??? CAN WE EXPLAIN MAN AS A PRODUCT OF HYBRIDIZATION AND THE PHENOMENON CALLED GENETIC DRIFT ????

In ‘Evolution’ the term ‘Genetic Drift is used to describe a random change in gene frequency within a small population, resulting in mutations which regardless of their adaptive value, become fixed within the group. Variations in diet, variations in physical activity, variations in reproductive behavior, and variations in external environmental conditions may contribute to minor variations in ‘allele’ frequencies without transforming an old species into a new species.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE AND THE MISSING LINK :

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : TAXONOMY IS A BRANCH OF BIOLOGY THAT FORMULATES THE BASIS FOR SYSTEMATIC CATEGORIZATION OF ORGANISMS INTO CATEGORIES SUCH AS PHYLUM(OR DIVISION), CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, SUB-FAMILY, GENUS, AND SPECIES . WITHIN THE GENUS HOMO SAPIENS, ANATOMICALLY MODERN MAN IS UNIQUE, AND DISTINCT FOR HUMAN NATURE STANDS BY ITSELF . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : TAXONOMY IS A BRANCH OF BIOLOGY THAT FORMULATES THE BASIS FOR SYSTEMATIC CATEGORIZATION OF ORGANISMS INTO CATEGORIES SUCH AS PHYLUM(OR DIVISION), CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, SUB-FAMILY, GENUS, AND SPECIES . WITHIN THE GENUS HOMO SAPIENS, ANATOMICALLY MODERN MAN IS UNIQUE, AND DISTINCT FOR HUMAN NATURE STANDS BY ITSELF .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CHIMPANZEE IS NOT THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN MAN AND ANIMAL . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CHIMPANZEE IS NOT THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN MAN AND ANIMAL . CHIMPANZEES ARE NATIVE TO AFRICA .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : MOUNTAIN GORILLA IS NOT THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN MAN AND ANIMAL . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : MOUNTAIN GORILLA IS NOT THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN MAN AND ANIMAL . GORILLAS ARE NATIVE TO AFRICA .

The above image reveals a fundamental problem faced by Darwinism when it attempts to account for Human Evolution. No extinct or living species is able to bridge the gap between modern man(Homo sapiens sapiens) and his nearest allies among Hominid Family and other Primates such as Chimpanzee and Gorilla.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : SAHELANTHROPUS TCHADENSIS NICKNAMED “TOUMAI.”

NATURAL HISTORY OF HOMINID FAMILY :

Senckenberg Natural History Museum, Frankfurt, Germany prepared replicas of Hominid species using the fossils discovered at different geographical locations. Sahelanthropus tchadensis lived 6.8 million years ago. It is one of the oldest Hominid specimens, found in 2003 in Djurab desert in Chad, Africa.

Australopithecus afarensis discovered in Afar region of Ethiopia, Africa in 1975. This Hominid lived 3.2 million years ago.

Australopithecus africanus ,this Hominid replica nicknamed “Mrs Ples” lived 2.5 million years ago. Discovered in 1947, at Sterfontein, South Africa.

Paranthropus aethiopicus lived 2.5 million years ago. Discovered near Lake Turkana in Kenya, Africa, in 1985.

Paranthropus boisei, nicknamed “Zinz” lived 1.8 million years ago. Discovered in 1959 in the Olduvai Gorge of Tanzania, Africa.

Homo Rudolfensis lived about 1.8 million years ago. Discovered in 1972 in Koobi Fora, Kenya, Africa.

“TURKANA BOY” Homo ergaster lived about 1.5 million years ago. Initially thought to be an important “missing link” in Human Evolution.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : HOMO ERGASTER IS RELATED TO HOMO ERECTUS SPECIES THAT LIVED IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA FROM ABOUT 1.89 MILLION YEARS AGO . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : HOMO ERGASTER IS RELATED TO HOMO ERECTUS SPECIES THAT LIVED IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA FROM ABOUT 1.89 MILLION YEARS AGO .

In Africa, Homo ergaster and Homo erectus are viewed as relatives and thought to be the ancestral forms of later Hominids such as Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens. But, African Homo erectus is not related to Asian species of Homo erectus like Java Man, and Peking Man.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : REPLICA OF HOMO ERECTUS(AFRICA), ERECT MAN, VERTICAL GAIT, LIVED ABOUT 1.8 TO 0.3 MILLION YEARS AGO . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : REPLICA OF HOMO ERECTUS(AFRICA), ERECT MAN, VERTICAL GAIT, LIVED ABOUT 1.8 TO 0.3 MILLION YEARS AGO .

Homo erectus of Africa had prominent brow ridges, projecting face, and a brain volume of about a litre as compared to modern man’s average brain volume of about 1,360 cubic centimetres. Some evolutionary biologists suggested that Homo erectus migrated to Asia, and Southern Europe.

Homo heidelbergensis or Homo rhodesiensis. This replica is made from the fossils found in Sima de los Huesos, Spain in 1993. He lived about 500,000 to 350,000 years ago. Fossils also found in other places like Italy, France, and Greece. Homo sapiens may have appeared 300,000 years ago. Heidelbergensis could be the ancestor of Neanderthals which is often described as a subspecies of Sapiens species.

Mendel's Laws-Human Evolution-Homo erectus — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : REPLICA OF HOMO ERECTUS, HOMINID THAT LIVED 1.5 MILLION TO 300, 000 YEARS AGO.

Homo erectus lived 1, 500, 000 to 300, 000 years ago. Homo erectus discovered in Republic of Georgia, China, and Indonesia lived until about 70,000 years ago.

Pithecanthropus, “JAVA MAN” discovered in 1891 could be the first to use fire. He used stone tools and belongs to the Lower Pleistocene Period.

It could be of interest to note that Rhodesian Man( Heidelberg Man – Germany) had a large, thick skull, a sloping forehead, a chinless jaw, a brain larger than that of modern man. The height was about five feet(152 cm) or slightly over.

Sinanthropus, Homo erectus pekinensis, or PEKING MAN belonged to the Middle Pleistocene.

Homo sapiens neanderthalensis lived 56,000 years ago. The above is the replica nicknamed “OLD MAN OF LA CHAPELLE” found near La Chapelle aux-Saints in France in 1908.

Homo sapiens floresiensis, the FLORES MAN discovered in Liang Bua Cave, Flores, Indonesia in 2003. Lived about 18,000 years ago.

The above is a replica of Homo sapiens found in a cave in Israel in 1969. He lived between 100,000 to 90, 000 years ago. It is important to note that it is not representative of true, modern humans called Homo sapiens sapiens.

Homo sapiens idaltu lived about 160, 000 years ago in Pleistocene Period(Middle Paleolithic), in Ethiopia, Africa, may mark the origin of anatomically modern Homo sapiens, making distinction between Homo erectus species and Homo sapiens species. They were at the threshold of modern anatomy but not fully modern humans.

Homo sapiens Red Deer represents “Red Deer Cave” people who lived 11, 500 to 14, 500 years ago in Maludong, Yunnan Province, Southern China. Red Deer Man had high domed braincase, small eyebrow ridges, lower jaw ended in a prominent chin, with a body less muscular than those of earlier Hominids.

THE ORIGIN OF MAN – MONOGENISM VS POLYGENISM :

The term “RACE” is used to describe any of the different varieties or populations of human beings distinguished by physical traits such as hair, eyes, skin color, shape of body, head, facial features, and blood groups. These characteristics are transmitted by heredity but they are highly variable; not every member of a race will exhibit all distinguishing traits. It is apparent to claim that races arose in response to inbreeding. Across majority of human cultures prevalent in Old World, inbreeding is the established cultural norm. In his ‘Systema Naturae'(1735) Carolus Linnaeus, Swedish botanist, gave a very precise description of man placing him among the Mammals in the order of Primates along the apes and the bat. Linnaeus presented a summary of the diverse varieties of human species. He described varieties such as The Asian, The African, and The European. Linnaeus created a system of classification that depended only on external characteristics to place objects into a rational set of categories.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : HUMAN VARIETIES OR RACES AROSE IN RESPONSE TO INBREEDING . CAROLUS LINNAEUS DESCRIBED HUMAN VARIETIES SUCH AS THE ASIAN, THE AFRICAN, AND THE EUROPEAN .

The French naturalist George Louis Leclerc comte de Buffon in his monumental compendium on Natural History(Histoire Naturelle general et particuliere, 44 volumes, 1749-1804) described man as a zoological species. Buffon determined species not by their physical appearances but by their reproductive history. He held the view that a species is known only through the history of its propagation. Buffon claimed that it is absurd to use the same principles for classifying living and nonliving things. Most important, apes and other animals lack the ability to speak. Buffon saw the rise of human intelligence as a product of development of an articulated language. For animals may lack the ability to attach meaning to their articulated sounds, human language can be used as a basis to define human species and its varieties. Monogenism is the theory that all human beings are descended from a single pair of ancestors. Polygenism is the theory that each race of people has descended from distinct, ultimate ancestors and hence asserts that races are created separately. If anatomically modern humans are products of interbreeding between different Hominid Family members, it would be difficult to suggest that hybridized humans stopped interbreeding and preferred inbreeding to establish the races or varieties that can be observed today. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach(1752-1840), Father of Physical Anthropology known for his work ‘De Generis Humani Varietate Nativa(1775-76), did his research in measurement of craniums. He divided mankind into five great families – Caucasian, Mongolian, Malayan, and Ethiopian. Physical anthropologists initially described three primary divisions of people, 1. Caucasoid, 2. Mongoloid, and 3. Negroid. Thomas Huxley in his paper titled “On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind” (1870) described racial varieties such as 1. Bushmen, 2. Africoid, 3. Negritoes, 4. Melanochroi, 5. Australoids, 6. Xanthochroi, 7. Polynesians, 8. Mongoloids A, B, & C, and 9. Esquimaux. Today, some anthropologists entirely reject the concept of “RACE.” The apparent variations among members of human population have to be explained using Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance which alone can account for breeding behavioral patterns.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE : JOHANN FRIEDRICH BLUMENBACH(1752-1840), FATHER OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY DIVIDED MANKIND INTO FIVE GREAT FAMILIES – CAUCASIAN, MONGOLIAN, MALAYAN, AND ETHIOPIAN .

CHARLES DARWIN – DARWINISM – THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES(1859):

Charles Darwin claimed that new species originate in the course of time. In his view, one species is transformed into another as a product of ‘Natural Selection’ of randomly produced genetic mutations. He formulated an opinion about the factors or circumstances under which some forms of life cease to have the status of species or become extinct. Darwin states, “The Origin of Species, like their extinction, is entirely a natural process which requires no factors other than those at work everyday in the life, death, and breeding of plants and animals.” To make transition from an old species to a new species, certain intermediate forms become extinct combined with the survival of one or more of the extreme varieties. Darwin further attests, “If my theory be true, numberless intermediate varieties, linking closely together all the species of the same group, must assuredly have existed, but the very process of natural selection constantly tends as has been so often remarked to exterminate the parent forms and the intermediate links.” As per Darwin’s analysis, anatomically modern human species may have to be viewed as a variety of one of the Hominid species that simply survived while this ancestral species and all other Hominid species perished towards the end of Pleistocene(Ice Age).

Darwin’s theory of ‘The Origin of Species’ depends on causes that can be divided into two sets of factors:

1. Mechanism of Survival that includes causes or factors which determine the extinction or survival of organisms, and with their survival, their opportunities for mating and reproduction, and

2. Mechanism of Heredity that includes causes or factors which determine transmission of characteristics from one generation to another and variation of offspring from their ancestors and from each other.

In Darwin’s estimate, the factors of ‘Natural Selection’ operate on genetic variations that cause a range of differences within a group. At the same time it may be noted that the variations generated in the breeding process are never enough to change the basic criteria applied in identification of any given species. For perpetuation of group characteristics in organisms which manage to survive and reproduce, inheritance of ancestral traits is of utmost importance. Darwin’s view on blending of hereditary factors is not supported by Mendel’s classic experiments in Hybridization. According to Mendel, inheritance is particulate. Distinct genetic factors combine to produce a certain somatic result without losing their separate identities. They can therefore be reassorted and enter into new genetic combinations in the next generation. If anatomically modern human species appeared suddenly due to abrupt mutations in a single generation of as yet unknown Hominid species, it will not validate Darwin’s view that new forms of life arise gradually as the result of a continuous accumulation of slight and imperceptible variations. According to Darwin, environment acts as a selective agency and it acts upon variations produced entirely by causes operating in the breeding process. During the period of the Great Ice Age, Pleistocene Series or Epoch, 1.8 million to 10, 000 years ago, 28 percent of Earth’s land area was covered by ice. Continental glaciers covered much of N. North America and NW Europe. Holocene Epoch or Series that began 10, 000 years ago witnessed a dramatic change in land area that is covered by ice. Now, about 10 percent of land area is covered by ice and continental glaciers are restricted to Antarctica and Greenland. In other words, areas of Earth’s surface have become more hospitable for all kinds of Hominid population. There was no geographical catastrophe and there was no environmental change of cataclysmic proportion with serious consequences for the survival of any variety of Hominid species. To adapt to changed environment was easy, food supply became abundant and there is nothing to suggest that Hominid Family members were preying upon one another in a bitter struggle of existence.

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY WILL DEMOLISH DARWINISM :

According to Geologic Time Chart which records the physical nature and history of planet Earth, we are living in the Cenozoic Era the beginning of which was marked by the K-T extinction. Most of the major and minor extinction events were the result of causes that are not natural to Earth or terrestrial factors. The exposure of living things to consequences such as collisions with asteroids, comets, or exposure to ionizing radiation do not belong to a category of circumstances that can be called ‘natural’. I would prefer to use the term ‘supernatural’ to describe extinction events initiated by extraterrestrial factors. The origin, the beginning, appearance of anatomically modern man during Holocene Epoch or Series has no natural cause. No natural condition, no natural factor, no natural mechanism, no natural process and no natural event can alter the shape and size of man’s cranium. Inbreeding, or interbreeding do not change genes, the Units of Inheritance. The sudden, and abrupt change in man’s form and morphological appearance is not due to imperceptible changes and genetic variations that accumulated over a prolonged period of time. If skeletal structures undergo a change due to mutations caused by external factors like climate, physical activity, diet, and opportunities for breeding or reproductive behavior, the skeletal structures of all members of the diverse Hominid Family living at that time have to register a change that affects the germ cells and gets propagated to their offspring as stated by Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance. If a natural condition, a natural factor, or a natural cause can account for a mutation in anatomically modern human, I would like to examine the evidence for its operation in other members of Hominid Family such as Neanderthal who lived at the same time.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CRO-MAGNON SKULL . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CRO-MAGNON SKULL . CRO-MAGNON MAN IS NOT CONSIDERED AS A SEPARATE SPECIES OR SUBSPECIES . LIVED 40, 000 TO 35, 000 YEARS AGO .

Cro-Magnon Man lived 40, 000 to 35, 000 years ago. He was discovered in southwestern France in 1868. His height was about 6 feet(180 Cms), had high forehead, short and wide face, developed prominent chin, and large brain. His brain capacity of 1600 cubic centimetres is larger than the average 1,360 cubic centimetres for anatomically modern human species. He belonged to upper paleolithic culture of Old Stone Age whereas anatomically modern human species had established its presence in the Mesolithic Period or Middle Stone Age at the end of the last glacial era about 10, 000 years ago. Anatomically modern human species developed a culture that included gradual domestication of plants and animals, formation of settled communities, use of the bow, development of delicate stone ‘Microliths’, and pottery.

THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES – THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN LANGUAGE:

In my view, Human Speech(spoken and written) is the criteria by which the difference between anatomically modern man and other members of Hominid Family is made. Human Language is one of the principal characteristics of the specifically human world. Language is the peculiar possession of human beings. While Neanderthal, and Cro-Magnon Man share certain anatomical and physiological traits possessed by the zoological species identified as human beings, they were not true representatives of Homo sapiens sapiens. In the use of ‘Precision Grip’, both Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon Man fall short of the status called ‘human’. Paleolithic art, paintings, and drawings are not the same as human writing.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CRO-MAGNON MAN AND PRECISION GRIP . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CRO-MAGNON MAN AND PRECISION GRIP . PALEOLITHIC ART IS NOT EQUIVALENT TO HUMAN ARTISTIC EXPRESSION . DRAWINGS AND PAINTINGS ARE NOT THE SAME AS HUMAN WRITING .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN PRECISION GRIP . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN PRECISION GRIP . HOMINIDS LIKE NEANDERTHAL HAD ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES THAT GIVE FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES CALLED 1. PRESSURE GRIP, AND 2. PRECISION GRIP . NEUROMUSCULAR COORDINATION BETWEEN BRAIN AND FINGERS CONTRIBUTES TO A CREATIVE ABILITY CALLED WRITING .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION . PALEOLITHIC ART . CAVE PAINTINGS IN N SPAIN AND SW FRANCE . c. 14,000- c. 13,500 B.C. LASCAUX CAVE PAINTINGS - THE AURIGNACIO - PERIGORDIAN PERIOD . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION . PALEOLITHIC ART . CAVE PAINTINGS IN N SPAIN AND SW FRANCE . c. 14,000- c. 13,500 B.C. LASCAUX CAVE PAINTINGS – THE AURIGNACIO – PERIGORDIAN PERIOD .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : PALEOLITHIC ART . MURALS AT ROUFFIGNAC, NIAUX, AND CAVE PAINTINGS OF ALTAMIRA , SPAIN . c. 14,000 -c. 9500 B.C. THE SOLUTREO - MAGDALENIAN PERIOD . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : PALEOLITHIC ART . MURALS AT ROUFFIGNAC, NIAUX, AND CAVE PAINTINGS OF ALTAMIRA , SPAIN . c. 14,000 – c. 9500 B.C. THE SOLUTREO – MAGDALENIAN PERIOD .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : KUNDA TOOLS , MICROLITHS, c. 10,000 -c.8000 B.C. MESOLITHIC PERIOD OR MIDDLE STONE AGE . THE BEGINNING OF ANATOMICALLY MODERN MAN . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : KUNDA TOOLS , MICROLITHS, c. 10,000 -c.8000 B.C. MESOLITHIC PERIOD OR MIDDLE STONE AGE . THE BEGINNING OF ANATOMICALLY MODERN MAN . HUMANS ARE KNOWN BY THEIR CULTURE .

The reproductive history of modern man does not support Darwinism and its assumptions about breeding . To identify and to recognize man as a zoological species, the yardstick has to be defined as morphological appearances are inadequate. I coined the phrase ‘Whole Linguistics’ to use Human Language as the chief characteristic of human species. Whole Linguistics involves three entities, namely 1. A Language User, 2. A Language Interpreter and 3. A Language Creator. It introduces a concept about the Creative Beginning of Man and his Language.

HUMAN IDENTITY, INDIVIDUALITY, AND THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX:

All said and done, man has no choice about the nature of his physical existence in natural world. Each man without any choice exists as an Individual with Individuality. Man deploys protein molecules called antigens to identify ‘self’ and ‘non-self’. The antigens causing the immune response that results in rejection of a tissue allograft are known as ‘Major Histocompatibility Antigens'(HLA). In man, the Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC) is the HLA cluster on Chromosome 6. As MHC antigens were originally described on human Leukocytes(White Blood Cells), they are still referred to as Human leukocyte Antigens(HLA). The role of MHC is not limited to transplantation rejection as the proteins encoded in this region are involved in many aspects of immunological recognition and immunity response. The HLA antigens are remarkable for the extensive degree of genetic polymorphism which makes variability between individuals very great . Even among members of human population, most unrelated persons possess different HLA . This antigenic specificity established at molecular level is the evidence for a creative process, a creative mechanism, and a creative principle which determines the Subjective and Objective Physical Reality of Man’s Status in Nature.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN . MAN DEPLOYS UNIQUE PROTEIN MOLECULES TO IDENTIFY SELF AND NON-SELF . HUMAN EXISTENCE AND HUMAN IDENTITY IS DEFINED BY MOLECULES . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN . MAN DEPLOYS UNIQUE PROTEIN MOLECULES TO IDENTIFY SELF AND NON-SELF . HUMAN EXISTENCE AND HUMAN IDENTITY IS DEFINED BY MOLECULES .

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : MAN IS ABLE TO EXIST IN NATURE FOR HE IS ABLE TO DEFEND HIS EXISTENCE BY DEPLOYING MOLECULES THAT CAN MAKE THE RECOGNITION AND DISTINCTION BETWEEN SELF AND NON-SELF. — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : MAN IS ABLE TO EXIST IN NATURE FOR HE IS ABLE TO DEFEND HIS EXISTENCE BY DEPLOYING MOLECULES THAT CAN MAKE THE RECOGNITION AND DISTINCTION BETWEEN SELF AND NON-SELF.

THE PROOF OF PUDDING IS IN THE EATING :

Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle introduced notion of Form, Nature, or Essence. Plants and animals are derived from seeds that already contain within them the Form, Nature, or Essence of the species from which they were derived and into which they would subsequently develop. To exist as a thing of a given kind, there could be an innate tendency to strive to develop into a perfect example of itself to fulfill its nature and to realize its full potential. In a purposive or teological view of the natural world, each natural thing by its intrinsic nature strives to realize its own ideal Form or Essence. Darwinism proposes a view that explains development of a natural thing in a “mechanistic” and nonpurposive manner. If a new form of life is a product of unguided, random, and purposeless genetic mutations, it will be hard to explain and account for its Form, Nature, and Essence.

All living things define their existence using about 20 Amino Acids. Protein Synthesis involves unique and creative ways of arranging these amino acids into chains called polypeptides. Protein Synthesis is a creative process for the product created by one species has ability to impart unique sensory experience in an unrelated species. Man can distinguish plant and animal proteins by using his organs of sense perception. The creative aspect of protein synthesis is in the taste, smell, flavor, color, texture, and palatability of plant and animal proteins. Man further improves palatability of proteins he consumes by refining his culinary skills.To refute the concept called ‘DARWINISM’, the Proof or Verification is in Eating Sweet Garden Peas and recognizing them from their color, taste, smell, flavor, texture, and palatability. Plants and animals do not use sensory functions like vision, olfaction, and taste in protein synthesis. The sensory experience of man is possible for living things exist with an innate tendency to express their Form, Nature, and Essence. I am asking my readers to contemplate upon supernatural circumstances that may define Form, Nature, and Essence of living things that are not explained by a study of their genes and genetic code.

Related Articles:

1. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – MAN IS A SPIRITUAL BEING

2. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES

3. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES

#WHOLEMENDELISM – MENDELISM VS DARWINISM