Indian Identity-Bharat Darshan – Page 2 – Whole Dude

Whole Illumination – Whole Dude at Whole Foods celebrates the Festival of Lights

The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.

Excerpt: Diwali, or Deepavali, is a Hindu festival of lights signifying the victory of good over evil, celebrated by followers of Jainism, Sikhism, and Buddhism as well. It falls on the 15th day of Kartik month each year. In 2025, it will be celebrated on Monday, October 20. The five-day celebration starts with Dhanteras, buying new utensils and jewelry, followed by Choti Diwali, the main Diwali celebration, Govardhan Puja, and Bhai Dooj. The difference between Diwali and Deepavali lies mainly in regional linguistic variations. The festival is also associated with illuminating the ‘inner light’ that wards off spiritual darkness. I coined the phrase Whole Optics to describe God as the Creator of Light who uses Light as an instrument of Knowledge in the performance of the Vital Function called Respiration that illuminates both the Inner and Outer Worlds by connecting the Energy Seeker and the Energy Provider.

Diwali or Deepawali is a festival of Hindus associated with lights (also called as festival of light) that symbolizes the victory of good over evil. Not just Hindus, but people of Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism religion also celebrate the festival of Diwali with great pomp. According to the ancient calendar, Diwali is observed on Amavasya – the 15th day – of the month of Kartik, every year. In 2025, Diwali will be celebrated on Monday, October 20.

**The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Friday, November 01, 2024.** The New Moon Tithi Amavasya begins on Monday October 20 and concludes on Tuesday, October 21, 2025.

What are the 5 days of Diwali in 2025?

The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025. Spiritualism-The Victory of Good over Evil : I define Spiritualism as an Unchanging, Underlying Principle that supports the existence of every living Object that changes in Nature under the influence of the Cyclical Flow of Time.

Dhanteras is the first day of Diwali and is considered to be a very auspicious day to buy new utensils and jewelry. On this day, people worship Lord Dhanvantari, the god of medicine and health.

Choti Diwali is the second day of Diwali and is also known as Kali Chaudas. On this day, people worship Lord Hanuman and Goddess Kali. It is also a day to clean the house and get rid of old and unwanted things.

Diwali is the third day of Diwali and is the main day of the festival. On this day, people worship Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity. They also light diyas (oil lamps) and candles to illuminate their homes and businesses.

Govardhan Puja is the fourth day of Diwali and is also known as Annakut. On this day, people worship Lord Krishna and offer him a mountain of food made from various grains and vegetables.

Bhai Dooj is the fifth and final day of Diwali. On this day, sisters apply tilak (vermilion mark) on the foreheads of their brothers and pray for their well-being. Brothers in turn give gifts to their sisters.

What is the difference between Diwali and Deepavali?

**Bharat Darshan – The celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025**

Diwali and Deepavali are two different names for the same festival, which is widely celebrated in India and by the Indian diaspora around the world. The difference lies in the way the words are spelled and pronounced based on regional and linguistic variations.

Diwali: This is the more commonly used term, and it is widely recognized in North India and other parts of the country. “Diwali” is the anglicized version of the festival’s name and is commonly used in English-language contexts.

Deepavali: This term is commonly used in South India and in some Southeast Asian countries with a significant Indian population. “Deepavali” is the original Sanskrit name of the festival, where “Deepa” means “lamp” or “light,” and “Avali” means “a row” or “a series.” It refers to the rows of lamps and lights that are lit during the festival to symbolize the victory of light over darkness and good over evil.

Diwali is not only a festival of lights, but it also has great cultural and spiritual significance. The festival symbolizes the victory of good over evil, light over darkness, and knowledge over ignorance. The lighting of diyas is believed to represent the inner light that protects us from spiritual darkness. It is also a time for families and friends to come together, share sweets and delicacies, and exchange gifts.

**The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.** Indians will be celebrating the festival of KARTHIGAI DEEPAM, KARTHIKAI DEEPAM, OR ‘KARTIKA DEEPAM’. Should man search inwards or search outwards to find God? I can search if and only if my existence is supported. For my existence, I depend upon the ability of plants called photoreception.

Deepam Jyoti Parabrahma
Deepam Sarva tamopaham

Deepena Saadhyathe Sarvam
Sandhya Deepam Namostute

Light or JYOTI in Sanskrit language represents the Eternal Reality. Jyoti is our conscious, its our awareness and it connects us to the Creator. This consciousness permeates all entities that are created and it includes all the five elements of Mother Nature. Consciousness is a function which enables a living organism to be aware of its own state of existence and to maintain that state of existence. Living organisms are aware of their need for an external source of energy to sustain their state of existence. Living organisms exist as ‘Energy Seekers’ and to exist they need connection with a ‘Energy Provider’. Consciousness is a biological function which establishes the connection between ‘Energy Seeker’ and ‘Energy Provider’. Because of this awareness, all entities would recognize and respond to their Creator, the Prime Source of Energy and the Controller of Energy.

The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025. Deepam Jyoti Param Brahma – Light and Ultimate Reality. Indian Tradition recognizes ‘Light’ as the manifestation of Ultimate Reality known as Param Brahma and Indians worship all sources of light including that of a light bulb.

Indians light up a lamp as a ritual to worship a deity of their choice. In several parts of the world and in various cultural traditions, the use of light is prevalent and is a part of ritualistic worship. In the Land of India, light is not only used as part of a ritual but also is directly worshiped with the belief that light represents God.

Spirituality Science – Light of Lights – The Phenomenon of Illumination

THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION: THE LIGHT IS THE SOURCE OF ILLUMINATION. THE KNOWLEDGE IS THE OBJECT OF ILLUMINATION. THE MIND IS THE OBSERVER OF ILLUMINATION. THERE IS UNITY BETWEEN THE SOURCE, THE OBJECT KNOWN, THE KNOWER TO MANIFEST THE PHENOMENA OF KNOWING.

I am pleased to share an article titled “Light of Lights” published by Dr. Sarvepalli Anantha Padmanabha Rao, M.S. who served for many years as a Professor of Surgery, and as Director of Medical Education in the Government of Andhra Pradesh Medical and Health Services. It is important to know the views shared by the traditional thinkers of India and in my view, Indian Schools of Thought such as Advaita (Non-Dualism) have formulated their theories about the true or real identity of Self (Atman) without considering the physiological or biological basis for hosting a thought about Self (Atman) which may have an independent existence while it is totally detached from the Body, and Mind of its thinker. While Mysticism is a part of various religious traditions, I am asking my readers to seek “Whole Illumination” by investigating and by exploring the basis for man’s existence in the natural world. Any such explanation, or clarification would come to a conclusion and will assert that the man needs association, partnership, relationship, bonding, cooperation, assistance, patronage, Yoking, or Unity with a source of Energy that exists in the man’s external environment. The man cannot maintain the fact or the reality of his physical existence using introspection, meditation, or contemplative prayer which could be of use in illuminating man’s “Inner World” and provide him “Inner Vision”, a vision or illumination that describes the Identity of man’s true or real Self (Atman) and its perfect, complete, and wholesome Divine Nature.

The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Phenomenon of Knowing:

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - LIGHT OF LIGHTS - THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION : THE ILLUMINED MIND KNOWS THE KNOWER, THE KNOWLEDGE, AND THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE. — **The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.** **SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – LIGHT OF LIGHTS – THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION: THE ILLUMINED MIND KNOWS THE KNOWER, THE KNOWLEDGE, AND THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE.**

The term illumination describes lighting or light. It is often used as the act or process of making something clearer or brighter or as a device for doing so. The word ‘illuminating’ or ‘illuminated’ is often applied to a clarification or explanation that sheds light on a subject that needs careful interpretation of information. In Physics, illumination is about the intensity of light per unit of area; the luminous flux per unit area at any point on a surface exposed to incident light. It is also called Illuminance. However, in Biology, the phenomenon of Illumination requires the study of Optics, Photoreception, and Photochemistry. The biological processes that involve the response of a living thing to the Light stimulus need to be stated as Photochemical Reactions which could be energy dependent and involve the use of chemical energy provided by molecules of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The Phenomenon of ‘Illumination’ in Biology requires the operation of three conditions; 1. The Source of Light or Lighting, 2. The Object that is Illuminated, and 3. The Observer who has the Sensory Perception called Vision, or the ability called Photoreception to acknowledge the phenomenon that is observed. Using the nature of photochemical reaction that is observed, living things can be broadly classified into two kinds; 1. Plants that respond to Light stimulus to trap its radiant Energy but have no Sensory Perception called Vision, and 2. Animals (man included) that have the Sensory Perception called Vision but do not have the ability to trap the Light Energy. For human existence, we need all those three conditions, 1. The Sun as the Source of Light, 2. The Plants that trap the radiant energy of Sunlight using their ability called Photoreception, and 3. The man or Purusha who uses the ability called Sensory Perception or Vision and interprets that Light is God.

The above picture image of a verse from Brihadaranyak Upanishad 4:5:11 helps us to understand the nature of the vital function of Breathing and Respiration which is the physiological mechanism that man uses to oxidize food substances and derive energy which he further uses for his physical and mental work. If Vedas and Holy Scriptures are seen as the Source of knowledge, the transmission of that Knowledge involves the use of Breathing. If “Knowing” is compared to the phenomenon of ‘Illumination’, the act of Knowing will only be possible if there is Unity between God, the Source of Knowledge, Knower, the Individual called Jeeva who performs all his living functions because of the Knowledge implanted in his substance that makes him a Sentient or Sensible thing, or establishes him as the “Knowing-Self.” The natural phenomenon of Life and Living can be defined as ‘Knowledge in Action’. In Indian tradition the “Self” or “Atman” is the source of Inner Light that illuminates the entire human body. I am suggesting that the Light called Self or Atman illuminates by making it possible for a man to maintain his connection with an external source of energy present in the environment even while the man may find perfect Identity with God through the process called Inner Vision, Introspection, Meditation, or Contemplative Prayers with an attitude of “Whole Detachment” with all things present in the external world. I like the presentation “Light of Lights” for it nicely explains the thoughts of Shankara. However, I have noticed that the author did not provide clarification, or explanation for the final sentence, “Tat Asmi PrabhO.” It simply describes the Unity (Asmi) between man (Tat or True Self or Atman) and Lord (Prabhu). The man’s ability of Sensory Perception called Vision, and the ability of Inner Vision are of secondary importance as Existence depends directly on the act of Breathing and the Lord provides Knowledge to perform that act of Breathing. The True Self or Atman illuminates me if it is connected to Lord or Prabhu, the Original Source of Light.

LIGHT OF LIGHTS

http://advaita-academy.org/blogs/sarvepalli.ashx#

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - LIGHT OF LIGHTS - THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION : THE DIVINE SONG CALLED THE BHAGAVAD GITA ILLUMINATED THE MIND OF PRINCE ARJUNA WITH KNOWLEDGE AND THE SOURCE OF ALL KNOWLEDGE. — **The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.** SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – LIGHT OF LIGHTS – THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION: THE DIVINE SONG CALLED THE BHAGAVAD GITA ILLUMINATED THE MIND OF PRINCE ARJUNA WITH KNOWLEDGE AND THE SOURCE OF ALL KNOWLEDGE.

Light illumines manifold objects in varying degrees of darkness; that is its property. Sources of such light may be external or internal to us. Examples of the former class are well-known, such as Sun, moon, fire, various kinds of lamps etc; The latter class, the internal, would be the psychic apparatus of man, comprising the sense organs, intelligence, intuition and above all the transcendental ‘Oversoul’ of R W Emerson the American philosopher. Vedanta too subscribes to such a transcendental super-conscious entity, illumining all, comprehending all and all-encompassing supreme Brahman. Flashes of intuition reveal discoveries which remain obscure prior to such overpowering experiences. Archimedes, crying out ‘eureka – eureka’ and Newton, when the apple fell and the law of gravitation revealed are instances of such intuitions . A deeper mental cloud prevents one from knowing who one exactly is in the ultimate analysis.

There is, in Greek mythology, a river named ‘Lethe’ whose waters, when drunk, would make the drinker profoundly forgetful.. One would forget, who one was, the ‘whence and wherefore’ of one’s own very self. A great philosopher likened our human predicament, to such a state of congenital amnesia, in which we lost our moorings, our “original innocence” as it were. Nescience is the technical term used for this state of primordial ignorance, which is said to cover one’s wisdom, ‘like smoke shrouds the fire or as dust sullies a mirror or as the womb envelops an embryo’ as th bhagavadgiitaa puts it. This is the ultimate darkness which needs for its dispelling, no less a light than that of the ‘Lord’, quoted in the GITA chapterXI-12 ever so stunningly – “if the light of a thousand suns were to blaze forth in the sky all at once, that might resemble the splendour of that exalted Being” – nothing short of an ‘apocalypse’, as it were, a revelation, of something not previously known or realized. Oppenheimer, the nuclear physicist, whose name is associated with the first atom bomb and who was a witness to its detonation.was so awe-struck at the sight that this line of the gItA chapter XI-32 flamed in his mind ” I am the full-blown, the all-destroying Time “. It was an indubitable intimation from the depths of his being and not much later, his intuitive insight was proved right, by the nuclear holocaust, the mayhem and the destruction at Hiroshima and Nagasaki it was cataclysmic in proportion

To Sankara, that transcendental spiritual genius, is ascribed a one-stanza poem, by name, ‘ekashlokI’. In it, is encapsulated the pith, the quintessence of the celebrated “mahAvAkya’s or the four great Vedic statements, called as such in the Advaita Vedanta. They are culled one from each of the four Vedas those statements or rather ‘truths’ are

a) ” praGYAnam Brahma, (Rigveda) pristine consciousness is Brahman.

b) ayam aatmaa Brahma (Atharva veda) – consciousness in all its apparent transformations is Brahman,

c) “tat tvam asi” (Samaveda)- You are, in essence, that consciousness, the eternal nitya, the unsullied shuddha, the fully awakened buddha, and unfettered – mukta ; the corollary follows that you are not the ignorant embodied jiiva, which you imagine you are.

d) (“aham Brahma asmi ” (Yajurveda) I am indeed that all-encompassing consciousness

It is with considerable trepidation that I have dared to translate the ‘mahaavaakya’s for fear that they may suffer the ‘noble transmutation from gold to lead’, in the process.

The order in which they are recounted here is not the temporal order in which they occur in the veda but they seem, to me, to be the order adopted by Sankara in this small ‘upadesha’ work, namely, the ekashlokii ’ As will become clear in the sequel, what is attempted here is not a word-for-word translation of the Sanskrit texts, not even a paraphrase but rather an unfolding of the traditional thought couched in the highly compressed poem

Before reproducing the Sanskrit verse, a short anecdotal account of the poignant scenario in which it is set, would be well in order, One might be tempted to ask ‘why only one verse-an ‘ekashlokI? Had not Sankara composed his shatashlokI of hundred verses and his upadesha sAhasrI of thousand teachings ? After all, what were the extenuating circumstances? As though in answer to such questions, a story is recounted thus: Sankara, on one of his peregrinations, chanced upon a spiritual aspirant who was in the throes of death. bemoaning his fate of his having to die before he could get his ‘beatitude’. The compassionate master had empathy with the man’s plight and knowing well the shruti declaration that “he who departs from this world without realising the ‘axara‘, the Imperishable entity, is a veritable wretch a ‘kRRipaNa“, the master devised for him the shortest discourse and the ‘ekashlokI was the result. The verse was composed in a frisky meter named ‘shArdUla vikrIditam’ which has four quarters of 19 syllables each, to enable him to pack all the punch at his command, in a single stanza. This imaginative story illustrates the truth that, when an exceptional master and a pupil desperately thirsting for the ‘saving wisdom’ come together, spiritual enlightenment can not be far behind.

The poem runs as follows :-

**The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.** SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – LIGHT OF LIGHTS – THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION: FOR MAN TO DESCRIBE HIS EXPERIENCE CALLED VISION, OR INNER VISION, APART FROM A SOURCE OF EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL LIGHT, NEEDS THE SUPPORT OF THE VITAL FUNCTION CALLED BREATHING (PRANA) THAT ESTABLISHES MAN AS A BREATHING, LIVING THING (PRANI OR PRANAVANTA).

kiMjyotistavabhAnumAnahanimeraatraupradiipAdikaM.

syAdevaMravidIpadarshanavidhaukiMjyotirAkhyaahi me.

cakShustasyanimiilanAdisamayekiMdhiirdhiyodarshane.

kiMtatrAhamatobhavAnparamakamjyotistadasmiprabho.

Unless the composition is split up at the right places, it would seem baffling at the first sight, to a beginner. The piece is in the form of a catechism or what in modern pedagogy would be called a ‘one on one’ interactive session. There are five question-answer pairs, one affirmation and one authoritative live-wire exhortation of the teacher and a final total concurrence, by the disciple, after his instant transformation. We shall now proceed with what may, euphemistically, be termed an exegesis of the verse. As will be seen in the sequel, what is attempted here is not a word-to-word rendering in to English, nor even a mere paraphrasing of the work; it is rather an attempt to enter to, and to bring out the traditional import of this Vedantic composition, to the extent my limited faculties permit. Much pertinent digression from the text has been indulged in, in the exposition.

The break up of the verse, is as follows :-

Q 1 :kim jyotih tava ? – what is your illuminator? By this question, the teacher is trying to ascertain a ‘baseline’, as it were, of the pupil’s understanding so as to lead him thence to higher levels. This was a well established methodology of spiritual instruction in the days of yore. It may be noted here that the question is a general one with no adjuncts of time or place specified. The student however thinks the question pertains to daytime and to things within his visual range.

A: bhhaanumaan ahani me – The daylight of the Sun sir. This answer establishes that the seeker has his vision riveted on the external objects – the out-going vision, the so-called ‘paraak pasyati’ concept of the KaThopaniShad.

Q 2 : raatrau ? what after Sun-down ? what illumines then ?

A: pradiipa aadikam– light of the various kinds of lamps which includes illumination from the moonlight, bonfires, lighted torches et cetera; it may be noted that the field being covered is still the outer world.

Affirmation : syaad evam. rightly so my dear; here the guru seems to be saying to himself “ Oh my! your answers are correct as far as they go; but they do not go very far. Here is the next question:

Q 3 Ravi diipa darshana vidhau kim jyotih ? Akhyaahi me – Now tell me what enables you to visualize the objects so illumined by the Sun, the lamps etc.Here the preceptor is shifting focus from the outer to the inner world of the mind. Even the sun, the lamps etc. stand in the relation of visible objects to the perceiving eye.

A: caxuH– “My eye, sir, is the perceiving light in this context” Now the student is made to understand the eye as the window to his inner cognitive apparatus – the mind.

Q4 : tasya nimiilana adi samaye ? If your eyes are shut, what then? The reasons for the shut-down may be many; one may choose to turn a blind eye like Nelson or to give a more noble example, one may actually be blind like Helen Keller. ‘ The word aadi’ in the Sanskrit original in the above question may include a legion instances The guru is taking the student in to deeper waters here, to turning his mind’s eye inward and enable him to watch the gyrations of his own mind

A: dhiiH, sir, it is my intellect that provides me the illumination necessary for my purposes, I can think thoughts that would navigate the scenes for me

Q 5: dhiyaH darshane (kim) ? you are right again my son! But thought is like a spring or a fountain. There must be some faculty to get to its mainspring, its source as it were. What ultimate light is it that stands as a ‘witness’ or ‘sAxI’ as it is technically termed, to your cognitive equipment?

A: ‘tatra aham ’ sir, Shorn of the baggage of all acquired accretions, appurtenances and appearances – in short, of all objective super-impositions I stand in all my majestic aloofness, and isolation (kaivalya). as ‘Myself’.

The great spiritual warrior in Sankara has finally drawn the bitterest foe of his pupil -‘the beginning-less spiritual ignorance’ to the edge of the precipice. with a view to pushing it over to its final annihilation. With a solemn and apocalyptic, coup de maître – a masterstroke, he is going to deliver the final push the student would be led to his beatitude meaning perfect blessedness or happiness. In devising this stepwise instruction Sankara has trodden the path of the ancient sages, established for ages. The famous dialogue between the sage YaaGYavalkya and Janaka the king in the BRRihadaaranyaka Upanishad chapter iv-3, the kaTha Upanishad III-10 as also the Bhavadgiitaa chapter III-42 have laid down the same rising hierarchical levels of consciousness viz – sense objects, sense organs, intelligence, intellect and the highest of all the PuruSha- the non plus ultra, higher than Which there can be nothing. To use the those very Sanskrit words pregnant with proven meaning – proven to mystic seers of all creeds and climes in their deepest visions down the millennia – saa kaashThaa, saa paraa gatiH. THAT is the summum bonum the last post

And what may that stupendous, staggering declaration be ? Let us see that in the next line:-

THE FINAL PUSH : ataH bhavaan paramakam jyotiH Therefore my child, you are verily that Light of lights, which the Vedanta asserts in stentorian voice and peremptory tone- tat tvam asi – That Thou Art. It is not the denoted dictionary meanings of the words of the scriptural testimony that will bring the peace that passes understanding but the inner experience of the truth which is transforming in nature.

The finish : tat asmi prabho !!! Oh my master I am indeed that Light of Lights because I have just experienced that ecstatic mystic state, by your bounteous grace. It is another matter that the experience of that state can communicated in words only after descending somewhat from those Olympian heights. But at all events he has been raised to that dizzy altitude of sage-hood, the memory of which shall stamp its hallmark on every thought word and deed ever-after.

Whole Foods-Whole Inspiration-Whole Language

Whole Mother-Whole Goddess – The Navratri Celebration of 2025

The Celebration of all the glorious forms of Divine Mother

**Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025. God both Male and Female.**

Excerpt: The Maha Navratri Celebration of September-October 2025 is a significant spiritual event in Indian tradition. It signifies the celebration of the Divine Mother as it explores the dual gender principle in God’s manifestation, male and female. The festival lasts nine nights, each dedicated to different forms of the divine Shakti, signifying aspects of divine power, mercy, grace, and compassion for mankind. In Indian spiritual science, the Feminine aspect, as Mother, is the source of matter, energy, and knowledge fundamental to life. The festival is also a celebration of the balance and harmony within the human existential reality.

DEVI NAVRATRI - NINE-NIGHT CELEBRATION OF DIVINE POWER, LOVE, MERCY, GRACE, AND COMPASSION TO SECURE HEALTH, WEALTH, WISDOM, AND PERFECT WELL-BEING OF MANKIND. — **– NINE-NIGHT CELEBRATION OF DIVINE POWER, LOVE, MERCY, GRACE, AND COMPASSION TO SECURE HEALTH, WEALTH, WISDOM, AND PERFECT WELL-BEING OF MANKIND.**

In Physics, Power/Energy/Force is not associated with gender. But, when living things exist as male and female, the description of Power/Energy/Force may have gender association. In the Indian tradition, ‘Deva’ means God and ‘Devi’ means Goddess. Devi in Indian tradition is the personification of God’s Supreme Power/Force/ Energy or ‘Shakti’. To fully account for the human existence, the man needs two distinct or separate Principles that come together to produce the harmonious singular identity of the man. The issue is not about God’s gender. Father Principle is called the Originating Principle. Mother Principle is called the Source Principle, for Mother is the Source of Matter, Energy, and Knowledge to establish Life of a Living Thing. Father provides Identity to the human form, Mother provides Substance, the structural and functional basis of the human form.

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVARATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. GOD IS THE SUPREME BEING AND DESCRIBED AS OMNIPOTENT. THIS POTENCY OR POWER IS CALLED 'SHAKTI' IN SANSKRIT LANGUAGE. DEVI IS PERSONIFICATION OF 'SHAKTI'. SHE DISPLAYED THIS GREAT POWER IN SLAYING OF A DEMON KING CALLED "MAHISHASURA." — Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025. God as Male and Female. GOD IS THE SUPREME BEING AND DESCRIBED AS OMNIPOTENT. THIS POTENCY OR POWER IS CALLED ‘SHAKTI’ IN THE SANSKRIT LANGUAGE. DEVI IS THE PERSONIFICATION OF ‘SHAKTI’. SHE DISPLAYED THIS GREAT POWER IN SLAYING OF A DEMON KING CALLED “MAHISHASURA.”

Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025. Shardiya Navratri refers to the Navratri Celebration during the Sharad Ritu or Autumn Season.

During 2025, Indians celebrate Devi Navratri or Sharad Navratri from Monday, September 22, to Thursday, October 02. The term ‘Nav’ or ‘Nava’ means Nine. ‘Ratri’ means Night. This celebration happens in the lunar month called Asvayuja (or Ashwayuja – September – October), the month in which Full Moon Day is associated with the first star (Tithi) called ‘Asvini’ in Indian Astrology. Sharad Navratri commences on the first and ends on the tenth day of the bright half of the 7th Lunar month, Ashwin. The name “Sharadiya” refers to the name of the Season or “Ritu” called Sharad Ritu or Autumn.

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. DEVI OR SHAKTI IS OFTEN CALLED 'DURGA' FOR SHE IS EMBODIMENT OF GREAT STRENGTH. SHE IS ALSO CALLED BHADRAKALI, JAGADAMBA, ANNAPURNA, SARVAMANGALA, BHAIRAVI, CHANDIKA, LALITA, BHAVANI, AND MOOKAMBIKA. — Bharat Darshan: The earthly manifestation of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025 – God as Male and Female. Devi or Shakti is often called ‘Durga’ for she is embodiment of great strength. SHE IS ALSO CALLED BHADRAKALI, JAGADAMBA, ANNAPURNA, SARVA MANGALA, BHAIRAVI, CHANDIKA, LALITA, BHAVANI, AND MOOKAMBIKA.

Devi or Shakti is often called ‘Durga’ for She is the embodiment of great strength. She is also called Bhadrakali, Jagadamba, Annapurna, Sarva Mangala, Bhairavi, Chandika, Lalita, Bhavani, and Mookambika. During the 9-Night or Navratri festival, Indians worship nine different forms of Goddess Durga with 1,000 names. She is simply adored as Divine Mother and often addressed as Mother (“Mata” or “Maa”) whatever may be the name or form She assumed on different occasions.

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - SHARAD NAVRATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. NINE DIFFERENT FORMS OF MOTHER DURGA OR SHAKTI ARE REMEMBERED WITH DEVOTION AND ADORATION. — Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025. DEVI NAVRATRI – SHARAD NAVRATRI – GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. NINE DIFFERENT FORMS OF MOTHER DURGA OR SHAKTI ARE REMEMBERED WITH DEVOTION AND ADORATION.

Goddess Shakti has three Supreme Forms called Durga, Sarasvati, and Lakshmi. In India, the traditions vary from region to region. First 3 – days of Navratri are dedicated to Goddess Durga, following 3-days are dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi and concluding 3-days are dedicated to Goddess Sarasvati or Goddess of Knowledge, Wisdom, and Speech.

Devi Navratri Celebration – September 22 to October 02, 2025 Calendar:

Monday, September 22, Day 1 – Pratipada, Ghatasthapana, Shailputri Puja

Tuesday, September 23, Day 2 – Dwitiya, Chandra Darshana, Brahmacharini Puja

Wednesday, September 24, Day 3 – Tritiya, Sindoor Tritiya, Chandraghanta Puja

Thursday, September 25, Day 4 – Tritiya, Maa Chandraghanta Puja

Friday, September 26, Day 5 – Chaturthi, Kushmanda Puja, Upang Lalita Vrat

Saturday, September 27, Day 6 – Panchami, Skandamata Puja.

Sunday, September 28, Day 7 – Shashthi, Sarasvati Avahan, Katyayani Puja

Monday, September 29, Day 8 – Saptami, Sarasvati Puja, Kalaratri Puja.

Tuesday, September 30, Day 9 – Ashtami, Durga Ashtami, Mahagauri Puja

Wednesday, October 01, Day 10 – Navami, Ayudha Puja, Navami Homa, Siddhidatri Puja

Thursday, October 02, Day 11 – Dashami, Navratri Parana, Durga Visarjan, Vijaya Dashami

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE - FIRST DAY OF NAVRATRI IS CALLED PRATIPADA. DEDICATED TO GODDESS SHAILAPUTRI, DAUGHTER OF RULER OF MOUNTAINS. SHE IS ALSO KNOWN AS PARVATI, HEMAVATI, SATI BHAVANI AND OTHERS. — **FIRST NIGHT OF NAVRATRI IS CALLED PRATIPADA. DEDICATED TO GODDESS SHAILAPUTRI, DAUGHTER OF RULER OF MOUNTAINS. SHE IS ALSO KNOWN AS PARVATI, HEMAVATI, SATI BHAVANI AND OTHERS.**

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. FIRST DAY OF NINE-NIGHT CELEBRATION. — **Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025. God both Male and Female.**

DEVI NAVRATRI - CELEBRATION OF DIVINE POWER. NAVRATRI, ON DAY-2, OR DWITIYA, DEDICATED TO GODDESS BRAHMACHARINI. — **CELEBRATION OF DIVINE POWER. NAVRATRI, Second Night, OR DVITIYA, DEDICATED TO GODDESS BRAHMACHARINI.**

**Third Night, Tritiya, DEDICATED TO GODDESS CHANDRAGHANTA.**

Bharat Darshan-Devi Nava Ratri-Kushmanda — **THE FOURTH NIGHT IS CALLED CHATURTHI. GODDESS KUSHMANDA REPRESENTS CREATIVE POWER, AND SHE EXPRESSES A SENSE OF JOY FOR HER OWN CREATION.**

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE . GODDESS OF FOURTH DAY OR CHATURTHI IS KNOWN AS KUSHMANDA. — **GODDESS OF FOURTH NIGHT OR CHATURTHI IS KNOWN AS KUSHMANDA.**

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. GODDESS OF FIFTH DAY OR PANCHAMI IS KNOWN AS SKANDAMATA, MOTHER OF SKANDA OR KARTIKEYA. — **GODDESS OF FIFTH NIGHT OR PANCHAMI IS KNOWN AS SKANDAMATA, MOTHER OF SKANDA OR KARTIKEYA.**

Bharat Darshan-Devi Navratri-Devi-Katyayani — **GODDESS OF SIXTH NIGHT IS KNOWN AS KATYAYANI.**

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. GODDESS OF SEVENTH DAY OR SAPTAMI IS KNOWN AS KALRATRI(BLACK OR DARK NIGHT), AND SUBHANKARI FOR SHE GIVES PROTECTION FROM TROUBLE. — **GODDESS OF SEVENTH-NIGHT OR SAPTAMI IS KNOWN AS KALRATRI (BLACK OR DARK NIGHT), AND SUBHANKARI FOR SHE GIVES PROTECTION FROM TROUBLE.**

**GODDESS SARASVATI PUJA OR WORSHIP ON THE EIGHTH NIGHT, ASHTAMI.**

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. GODDESS OF EIGHTH DAY OR ASHTAMI IS KNOWN AS MAHA GAURI. — **GODDESS OF EIGHTH NIGHT OR ASHTAMI IS KNOWN AS MAHA GAURI.**

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. GODDESS OF NINTH DAY OR MAHARNAVAMI IS KNOWN AS SIDDHIDATRI FOR SHE BESTOWS ASHTA SIDDHIS. — **GODDESS OF NINTH NIGHT OR MAHARNAVAMI IS KNOWN AS SIDDHIDATRI FOR SHE BESTOWS ASHTA SIDDHIS.**

**Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22, to Thursday, October 02, 2025. The Ninth Night is dedicated to Goddess Siddhidatri.**

**DEVI OR GODDESS HAS THREE SUPREME FORMS CALLED SARASVATI, LAKSHMI, AND PARVATI. THESE NAMES DESCRIBE DIFFERENT ATTRIBUTES OF GOD’S OMNIPOTENCE.**

Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from September 22 to October 02, 2025. GOD BOTH MALE AND FEMALE. GODDESS DURGA IS PERSONIFICATION OF GOD’S OMNIPOTENCE.

Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22, following the New Moon Day on Sunday, September 21. and concludes on Thursday, October 02, 2025. The 11th Day, Wednesday, October 02 is also a great day of festivity and is known as Vijaya Dashami.

**Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025. HINDU CALENDAR OR PANCHANGA.**

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - PHASES OF MOON ASSOCIATED WITH FORMS OF GODDESS SHAKTI. — Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025. DEVI NAVRATRI – PHASES OF MOON ASSOCIATED WITH FORMS OF GODDESS SHAKTI.

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. NINE DIFFERENT FORMS OF WORSHIP CALLED TARA - TARINI SHAKTI. — Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025. GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. NINE DIFFERENT FORMS OF WORSHIP CALLED TARA – TARINI SHAKTI.

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. NAVA DURGA, NINE-FORMS OF ADORATION. — **Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025. God both Male and Female.**

BHARAT DARSHAN - DEVI NAVRATRI - GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. NINE REASONS TO CELEBRATE GODDESS DURGA. — **Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Thursday, October 03 to Friday, October 11, 2024. GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. NINE REASONS TO CELEBRATE GODDESS DURGA.**

Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025. GOD AS MALE AND FEMALE. A HYMN IN PRAISE AND WORSHIP OF GODDESS DURGA DEVI.

DEVI NAVRATRI, NINE-NIGHT CELEBRATION, DAY - 9, MAHA NAVAMI, AYUDHA PUJA, WORSHIP OF ALL WEAPONS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT USED BY MAN TO ACCOMPLISH ACTION. — Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025. NINE-NIGHT CELEBRATION, DAY – 9, MAHA NAVAMI, AYUDHA PUJA, WORSHIP OF ALL WEAPONS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT USED BY MAN TO ACCOMPLISH ACTION.

DEVI NAVRATRI - NINE-NIGHT WORSHIP OF DIVINE POWER, LOVE, GRACE, AND COMPASSION TO ACCOMPLISH VICTORY OF GOOD OVER EVIL FORCES. 10th DAY, DASAMI IS KNOWN AS VIJAYA DASAMI OR DUSSEHRA. — Bharat Darshan: The celebration of the Divine Mother. Maha Navratri Celebration from Monday, September 22 to Thursday, October 02, 2025. NINE-NIGHT WORSHIP OF DIVINE POWER, LOVE, GRACE, AND COMPASSION TO ACCOMPLISH VICTORY OF GOOD OVER EVIL FORCES. 10th DAY, DASAMI IS KNOWN AS VIJAYA DASAMI OR DUSSEHRA.

**Bharat Darshan: The Maha Navratri Celebration of 2025.**

**Bharat Darshan: The Maha Navratri Celebration of 2025. Goddess Laxmi – The Mother Principle that is the Origin of Life and its material well-being.**

Bharat Darshan: The Maha Navratri Celebration of 2025. Goddess Shakti, a Protector, a Defender, and a Personification of all Material Energies present in Nature or Prakriti. Man exists as an Energy Seeker, a heterotroph and human existence is possible because of an Energy Provider. Mother is the Source of Energy for man’s physical and mental work.

Goddess Sarasvati is the Divine Mother of Knowledge. Indian Tradition recognizes Mind, and Intellect as aspects of Material Energies. Life functions with Knowledge implanted into Living Organisms which display the characteristics of awareness, responsiveness, alertness, and consciousness.

Whole Humility – Whole Obedience – Whole Success – Whole Prayer to Lord Ganesha

The celebration of Ganesh Chaturthi on Tuesday, August 26, 2025

**Bharat Darshan: Tuesday, August 26, 2025, The celebration of Ganesh Chaturthi. A Prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success through Obedience and Humility.**

The annual festival of Ganesha Chaturthi marks the birth of Lord Ganesha, the son of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. It involves 10 days of celebration and takes place in the Bhadrapada month (August-September), Shukla Paksha (the Waxing Phase of Moon), the fourth day or Chaturthi as per the Hindu calendar.

**Bharat Darshan. Tuesday, August 26, 2025. The celebration of Ganesh Chaturthi on the fourth day of the Waxing Phase (Shukla Paksha) of Moon of the Month Bhadrapada (August-September)**

The auspicious festival begins on Tuesday, August 26. The festival inaugurates with people bringing or making clay idols (murtis) of the Lord, and concludes on the day of Anant Chaturdashi (Saturday, September 06), when the idol is submerged in the nearest body of water, called Ganesha visarjan.

A Prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success through Obedience and Humility

Lord Ganesha is one of the most worshiped deities among Indian Hindus. Also known as Vinayaka or Ganapati, the elephant God is revered as the God of beginnings and the remover of obstacles.

**Whole Dude – Whole Humility: A Prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success with Humility.**

Indian Cultural Traditions offer tools for Success in all dimensions of Life including health, education, employment, social status and social relationships. The formula for success is simple; perform all tasks making an estimate to take care of negative consequences or outcomes, and plan for roadblocks or obstacles in the planning stage of executing any action. Indians initiate actions seeking Blessings of Lord Ganesha for their desire for Success in Life should not be directed by intellectual pride or arrogant use of physical or material power.

PRAYER TO LORD GANESHA - SUCCESS THROUGH OBEDIENCE AND HUMILITY. — **Bharat Darshan: Tuesday, August 26, 2025, The celebration of Ganesh Chaturthi. A Prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success through Obedience and Humility.**

Whole Motherhood – Mother is the Source of Life, Energy and Matter

THE DIVINE MOTHER OF LIFE, ENERGY, AND KNOWLEDGE : I DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF "WHOLE ANGEL" AS THE HARMONIOUS BLENDING OR COMING TOGETHER OF ANGEL OF BEAUTY, ANGEL OF MERCY, AND ANGEL OF KNOWLEDGE . — **The Divine Mother of Life, Energy and Knowledge. I describe the concept of Whole Motherhood to account for my human existence.**

I account for human existence honoring ‘The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge’. The Divine Principle is both male and female and in this article, I present the feminine aspect of Divine Principle as Whole Mother, the harmonious blending or coming together of the Divine Mother of Life, the Divine Mother of Energy and Compassion and the Divine Mother of Knowledge.

***The concept of Whole Motherhood, the harmonious coming together of the Divine Mother of Life, the Divine Mother of Energy and Compassion and the Divine Mother of Knowledge.***

The Father and the Mother – Principles governing Life:

The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati – The Indian Tradition describes them as the First Couple or ‘Adi Dampatulu’ or the Original Father and Mother of humans. The Tradition recognizes existence of a Father and a Mother Principle.

Maatru Devo Bhava, Pitru Devo Bhava – The Divinity of Mother and Father:

Father is described as the male parent, an ancestor, an originator, and as a Controller. Very often, in the Land of India, God is considered as both the Father and the Mother of all life forms. Mother is described as the female parent and something that is regarded as a ‘Source’. In Indian tradition, Father may be viewed as the Prime Cause and Mother is the Source of Prime Energy. Mother is the source of energy in performance of all kinds of actions and in accomplishment of all kinds of work. The Mother Principle represents the Endeavor/Work/Effort that makes action possible. If Life is defined as function at the level of biological molecules, Mother represents the Source or the Origin of these organic molecules; Mother is the Source of Energy for the synthesis of these organic molecules; and Mother is the Source of Knowledge that provides the ability of recognition and the ability to use the molecules in a sequential manner to manage the biochemical reactions of these organic molecules to function as Life.

DEDICATION:

I dedicate this blog post to the memory of my mother. Biological Science provides me the understanding to recognize her as the Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge or Whole Mother.

The Divine Mother of Life:

The complex, multicellular human organism begins as a single cell. That single cell is the source of life, energy, and knowledge.

**The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.The Biological Dictum states “EX OVO OMNIA” – Everything comes from the Egg.**

**The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.The Biological Dictum – “OMNIS CELLULA E CELLULA” means all cells from cells.**

The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.The Law of Biogenesis states that organisms arise only by the reproduction of other organisms. This cell known as Oocyte develops into Human Ovum or Egg Cell which begins the life of a new human organism after an event called Fertilization.

I, as a human organism exist in this world as I arrived from a previously existing ‘Mother Cell’. By repeated cell growth and cell division or replication known as ‘Mitosis’, the human organism grows and develops into a form containing trillions of cells. This process of development is called ‘Morphogenesis’ which involves not only cell growth but differentiation into specialized types of cells. All the tissues and organs of which the human body is composed have originally developed from a microscopic cell known as ‘Ovum’ or the ‘Egg Cell’. This Ovum or Egg Cell may be regarded as a perfect cell and could be described as ‘Mother Cell’. All the solid tissues in the human body can be shown to consist largely of similar cells; it is true that they may differ, but they are essentially similar to an Ovum. The Ovum is a reproductive cell that is adapted to meet the nutritional requirements of the early developmental stages of the embryo. It is always a large cell because it contains sufficient cytoplasmic substance for the development of a self-sufficient embryo. Some of the substance which is packaged in yolk particles contains cell components; typically an Ovum contains sufficient quantities of components for many cells. Thus the Ovum need not grow as it divides; as the nuclei divide, the cytoplasm subdivides until the Ovum consists of a large number of normal-sized cells. By contrast, the male reproductive cells known as ‘Spermatozoa’ contain very little cytoplasm and they cannot further divide into new cells.

The Source of Life – Protoplasm:

**The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.There is similarity between the cells of a man and that of his Mother Cell or Egg Cell called Ovum.**

The most significant feature of the similarity between the cells of a man and that of the ‘Mother Cell’ from which he arrives is the presence of a soft gelatinous, semi-fluid, granular material inside the cell. This substance known as ‘Protoplasm’ is similar to that found in the Ovum. The Ovum consists of this viscous, translucent, colloidal substance enclosed in a membrane called Plasma Membrane. A small spherical body called nucleus is embedded in the protoplasm. The protoplasm could also be differentiated into cytoplasm and nucleoplasm based upon its location. Cytoplasm refers to protoplasm located outside the nucleus. Nucleoplasm refers to protoplasm located inside the nucleus. The two essential features of any living cell in the human body are that of presence of protoplasm and the nucleus.

The Ground Substance of Spiritualism and Spirituality. The vital characteristics, the animating principles of Protoplasm could be known by observing Amoeba proteus. The Living Substance works as an organ of Motion or Movement, as an organ of Nutrition, and as an organ of Reproduction to generate new cells which have a life span of their own. In these physiological functions, I describe the characteristics such as Cognition, Consciousness, Memory, and Intelligence which have a Spiritual role as they bring functional unity and harmony in the interactions between different parts of the same individual organism while it exists in an environment as a member of a biological community.

The most striking characteristics of protoplasm are its vital properties of “Motion” and “Nutrition”. Protoplasm has the intrinsic power to change its shape and position. Motion of protoplasm is called ‘amoeboid movement’ as it resembles the movements observed in the Amoeba proteus animalcule. Nutrition is the power which protoplasm has of attracting to itself the materials necessary for its growth and maintenance from surrounding matter and environment. The Egg Cell or the Ovum is the Source or the Mother of Life.

The Law of Individuality- Heredity and Variation:

**The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge. Identity and Individuality. Two-Sides of the same Coin.**

The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.A child is always a created object even when it derives its life from a Mother Cell. Life always comes into existence as a new, original object and displays variation from other members of the same or different species.

Heredity is the sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring. A child inherits a genetic constitution from its biological parents. This hereditary endowment, the total of the genes that the child has received from both parents is called the genotype. The genotype of an individual is formed from the constituents of the genotypes of his parents. The genotype in a fertilized Egg Cell influences the developmental pattern of the child. Progeny is not exact duplicates of their parents and usually vary in many traits. Heredity and Variation are two sides of the same coin. The outward appearance of an organism is called the phenotype. The same individual shows different phenotypes in childhood, in adulthood, and in old age. The genotype, on the other hand, does not change during an individual’s life. Each cell in the human body contains the same total genetic information that was present in the fertilized Egg. However, the cells are not identical. In different types of cells, groups of genes are controlled (in effect switched on and off) by various biochemical processes, so that each cell manufactures the proteins and structures needed for it to function. Cells are regulated by the DNA in the nucleus and by the transfer of selected portions of the DNA information to the cytoplasm through the intermediate molecules of Messenger RNA. It is estimated that, on average, only about 10 percent of the genes of any cell are functional; selection of functional genes varies with the type of cell. This biological phenomenon of selective gene functioning may contribute to what I term as ‘The Law of Individuality’. Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA accounts for the ability of all living matter to replicate itself exactly and to transmit genetic information from parent to offspring. The child maintains its individuality by selectively switching the inherited DNA on and off. The Law of Individuality applies to all living organisms. Despite the basic biological, chemical, and physical similarities found in all living things, diversity of life exists not only among and between species but also within every natural population.

The Divine Mother of Life, Knowledge, and Energy.Despite the basic biological, chemical, and physical similarities found in all Living cells, a Diversity of Life exists within every natural population to establish The Law of Individuality.

The Mother Cell is the Source of Life for its child and yet the child comes into existence as a brand new and original product with its own Identity and Individuality. The Mother Cell does not manufacture the new multicellular organism called child. A child is always a created object even when it derives its life from a Mother Cell.

**The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.The Divine Phenomenon – A child always comes into existence as a created object even when it derives its life from a Mother Cell.**

The Divine Mother of Energy and Compassion:

Goddess Durga represents the Supreme Being as the source of Energy. There is no choice other than that of leading energy-dependent human existence for the Soul and Spirit that is trapped in the physical, or material realm.

To maintain life an organism not only repairs or replaces (or both) its structures by a constant supply of the materials of which it is composed but also keeps its life processes in operation by a steady supply of energy.

Living systems must be supplied energy for continual synthesis of new organic molecules and to replace or to repair broken organic molecules. This functional activity; the processes of synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules by a living cell, is known as metabolism. Metabolism involves a living system’s continual exchange of some of its materials with its surroundings, principally in the process of building up or destroying its protoplasm. growth involves a higher rate of synthesis of protoplasm than a rate of breakdown of that matter.

Acquisition of Energy:

**The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.Plant Life acquires useful free energy from the energy of Sunlight and hence described as Photoautotrophs.**

The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.Plants are known as Photoautotrophs as they have ability to use free energy from the energy of Sunlight. The Divine Mother is the Source of all Material Energies.

The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.Chloroplasts act like Solar Panels to capture Solar Energy, and all terrestrial life forms depend upon energy from an extraterrestrial or Cosmic Source of Energy.

Organisms acquire energy for their metabolism by two general methods and could be classified as autotrophs or self feeders and heterotrophs or feeders of other organisms. Plants are known as Photoautotrophs as they acquire useful free energy from the energy of Sunlight. In a process known as Photosynthesis, plants use Sunlight to break water into Oxygen and Hydrogen. Hydrogen is then combined with Carbon dioxide to produce such energy-rich molecules as Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and carbohydrates and the Oxygen is released back into the atmosphere. Humans and most other animals are known as heterotrophs – these organisms acquire energy by the controlled breakdown of pre-existing organic molecules (food) supplied by other organisms. Humans utilize the atmospheric Oxygen (released by plant life) to combine chemically with organic matter (food) they have eaten and release Carbon dioxide and water as waste products. Metabolic processes do not occur in one step. It is not similar to burning sugar in air.

Kreb’s Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle:

The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.Most cells derive their energy from a series of reactions involving Oxygen. In the course of Oxidation, three molecules of energy-rich ATP are generated for each Oxygen atom used to form a molecule of water. The Mitochondria is the cellular site of this respiratory Combustion.

The glucose, a simple sugar is broken down by a series of successive and coordinated steps, each mediated by a particular and specific enzyme. The human organism extracts useful energy by a metabolic process described as Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. The glucose is broken down in a series of about 71 enzymatically catalyzed steps. The first 11 of these biochemical reactions do not involve the use of Oxygen. These Oxidation-Reduction Reactions occur in intracellular organelles known as Mitochondria in the cytoplasm of cells.

Most important biological processes involve Oxidation-Reduction or Redox Reactions to acquire Oxidative energy from other substances termed nutrients. The burning of a substance in air is rapid Oxidation or Combustion which is not of much use for living systems. Plants and Animals use a form of Oxidation called Respiration to liberate energy stored in food materials.

Mitochondria – The Powerhouse of Cells:

The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.In Mitochondria, many substances are oxidized and ATP, the energy-storing chemical of the cell is produced. This energy is utilized in a variety of cellular functions and activities.

Mitochondria are typically sausage-shaped particles about 0.5 to one micron wide and about 5 to 10 microns long. They are surrounded by an outer unit membrane which controls the passage of material into and out of the mitochondria and govern their internal environment. The inner membrane is the site of the respiratory functions that make the mitochondria the so-called Powerhouse of the Cell. The inner membrane is folded repeatedly into shelf like folds called cristae which contain the enzymes that play an essential role in conversion of the energy of foodstuffs into the energy used for cellular activities.

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts – A Divine Source of Energy Acquisition:

The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.Both Mitochondria and the Chloroplasts are semi-independent and self-reproducing parts of the Living Cells. It is a Divine Mechanism to provide Energy for Metabolism the characteristic of Living Matter.

**The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.The Mitochondria have a degree of “AUTONOMY” and they are unlike the other components of cells.**

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts found in the green plant cells perform the same fundamental processes. The Chloroplasts contain the green colored pigment known as Chlorophyll. The Chloroplasts convert the energy of Sunlight into energy-rich ATP and use ATP to convert Carbon into specific organic substances. The most important equations for living things are mutually inverse. Respiration of human organisms represents the reverse of Photosynthesis of Green Plants. Both Mitochondria and the Chloroplasts are semi-independent and self-reproducing parts of the living cells. They have a degree of autonomy and they are unlike the other components of cells. Mitochondria contain DNA in the form of a Chromosome arranged in a ring. The DNA of Mitochondria has different distribution of bases from that of the DNA found in the Chromosomes present in the nucleus. Mitochondria carry the genes for their own replication and for the enzymes found in them. They can synthesize some of their own proteins and reproduce by themselves. In one respect the mitochondria function as the parts of the cells and in another respect, they behave like independent organisms that reproduce on their own.

The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.A group of Mitochondria – Computer artwork Who has “Designed” the Mitochondria? Do they represent a Divine Mechanism to provide Energy to Energy Dependent Living Organisms?

The Mother Cell is the source of Mitochondria found in all the cells of my human body. During the Growth and Development of Human Embryo and Fetus, all the newly formed cells contain Mitochondria derived from the Egg Cell. Hence, mother as a biological parent represents the Source of Energy for all the Living Functions and activities of her children. I cannot move a muscle in my body without drawing energy supplied by the maternal Mitochondria which continue to live and replicate establishing my mother as the Source of Energy for my existence during my entire Life’s Journey.

The Divine Mother of Knowledge:

**Goddess Sarasvati, the Goddess of Knowledge, the Source of Consciousness and Intelligence that is required to establish the living functions of man’s mortal existence.**

Life is the state of an individual characterized by the capacity to perform certain functional activities including the ability of responsiveness. Life is further characterized by presence of complex transformation of organic molecules and by organization of such molecules into the successively larger units of protoplasm, cells, organs, and tissues. Hence, I have defined Life as “Knowledge in Action.”

The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.Goddess Sarasvati is the Divine Mother of Knowledge. Indian Tradition recognizes Mind, and Intellect as aspects of Material Energies. Life functions with Knowledge implanted into Living Organisms which display the characteristics of awareness, responsiveness, alertness, and consciousness.

Responsiveness represents the ability of an organism to change in response to alteration in its environment. Responsiveness, alertness, awareness, and consciousness separates living from nonliving matter and defines life’s underlying principle. Living cells are aware or conscious of the environment in which they exist as well as the state of their own internal environment. The one very important part of environment of a cell is other cells. The ability called awareness and responsiveness is important for recognition, association, and cooperation between cells. Cells function together by exchanging chemical signals.

The Biological Membrane – An Organ of Sense Perception:

The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.The Biological Membrane or Plasma Membrane functions like an Organ of Sense Perception and it maintains cell’s internal environment and establishes contact with cell’s external environment.

Cell is the most elementary unit of Life. Cell is bounded by a Plasma Membrane which is more correctly described as a Biological Membrane. It separates the cell from the environment and from other cells. It helps to maintain a constant milieu in which intracellular reactions occur. The Biological Membrane allows a highly controlled exchange of matter across the barrier it poses, some compounds are able to pass through the membrane easily, others are blocked. Cells contain various internal structures such as the nucleus, and mitochondria, each of which is enclosed by a Membrane. Both the Biological Membrane and some of the intracellular membranes are parts of a continuous Membrane System that extends through much of the body of the cell. It serves two purposes. A compartmentalization of cell is required for many cellular activities, including uptake and conversion of nutrients, synthesis of new molecules, production of energy, transportation, and release of cell products, and regulation and coordination of metabolic sequences. The cellular organelles are protected from one another’s enzymatic activities, and those of the cytoplasm. The Biological Membrane System functions like an Organ of Sense Perception and maintains the responsiveness of the cell.

The Cytoplasmic or Maternal Inheritance:

Inheritance of DNA in cytoplasm (mitochondria or chloroplasts) Inherited from mother only. Sperm contributes nucleus, but no cytoplasm. Characteristics exhibit extensive phenotypic variation. Each cell can contain hundreds of mitochondria, and may not have same genetic information. Homoplasmy – all the same. Heteroplasmy – different genetic information. Ratio of normal to mutant

Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA accounts for the ability of all living matter to replicate itself exactly and to transmit genetic information from parent to offspring. While offspring inherit a genetic constitution and hereditary traits from both parents, some characteristics are inherited through the maternal line only. For example, there are no Chlorophyll containing Chloroplasts in pollen grains of (male) flowers. The act of Pollination does not contribute this most important characteristic known as Chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are found only in the Egg Cells of (female) flowers. Similarly, humans inherit the Powerhouses called Mitochondria only from Maternal cytoplasm. A Cytoplasmic Inheritance is entirely Maternal. Human functions that involve Sensory Perception, Mental Cognition, Learning, and the functions of Memory and Consciousness should be viewed as functions of the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm represents the Seat of Knowledge. Man begins Life as a single cell with its cytoplasm. The cell grows and divides while building more of its cytoplasm. Knowledge is the Fact of Knowing, the State of Knowing, and the Act of Knowing a range of information; the Mother or the Source of Knowledge is the Maternal Cytoplasm inherited from the Egg Cell, Ovum, or the Mother Cell.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada,

Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48104-4162, U.S.A.

**Goddess Annapurna represents the concept of Whole Motherhood, the Divine Mother of Life, Energy and Knowledge**

Whole Celebration – Whole Journey – India’s Independence Day

79th Independence Day of India – Whole Measurement of Life Journey

**Bharat Darshan. August 15, 2025. Bharat, India Celebrates 79th Independence Day. Naya Bharat, Nation First, Always First.**

Bharat, India is celebrating its 79th Independence Day, Azadi ka Mahotsav on Friday, August 15, 2025. Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited the Rajghat and paid tributes to Mahatma Gandhi as the celebrations started. The prime minister then proceeded to the Red Fort where he remembered those who laid their lives for India’s Independence.

Bharat Darshan. August 15, 2025. Bharat, India Celebrates 79th Independence Day. Naya Bharat. Nation First, Always First.

Indian Independence – A Measure of My Life

The Celebration of First Independence Day of Bharat, India on August 15, 1947. I record major events of my life in relation to India’s independence on August 15, 1947. The Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948 and my life’s journey became associated with the story of this young nation.

I record major events of my life in relation to India’s independence on August 15, 1947. The Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948 and my life’s journey became associated with the story of this young nation.

25th INDEPENDENCE ANNIVERSARY MEDAL – 1972

25th INDEPENDENCE ANNIVERSARY MEDAL -OPERATION EAGLE 1971 — **Bharat Darshan. August 15, 2025. Bharat, India Celebrates 79th Independence Day. Nation First, Always First. 25th Independence Anniversary Medal. Indian Independence-A Measure of my Life.**

This medal was awarded to commemorate the twenty-fifth anniversary of Indian independence in 1972. The medal was awarded to all members of the armed forces, paramilitary forces, and police forces who were serving on 15 August 1972. This medal gives me an opportunity to remember the twenty-fifth year of my life. I was then serving in Special Frontier Force-Establishment No. 22-Vikas Regiment on deputation from the Indian Army in the rank of a Captain and was posted at a Unit called Delta or D-Sector located in the North-East Frontier Agency, now Arunachal Pradesh. We all had a very good reason to rejoice on that day. India scored a major victory in the India-Pakistan War of 1971 and we took pride in the fact that we had a role in shaping that epic event in India’s military history.

OPERATION EAGLE 1971-72-THE CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS – LIBERATION WAR OF BANGLADESH:

Bharat Darshan. August 15, 2025. Bharat, India Celebrates 79th Independence Day. Nation First, Always First. Operation Eagle 1971-1972. THE MILITARY VICTORY IN THE CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS-THE CELEBRATION OF 25th INDEPENDENCE ANNIVERSARY

Bharat Darshan. August 15, 2025. Bharat, India Celebrates 79th Independence Day. Nation First, Always First. Operation Eagle 1971-72,the India-Pakistan War of 1971 and the Liberation of Bangladesh are very significant achievements of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. As I was then serving in Special Frontier Force, Establishment 22 (now the Vikas Regiment) under the Cabinet Secretariat, I had direct and personal understanding of Prime Minister’s Foreign Policy initiatives. She approved our military Operation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. In the conduct of this clandestine military operation, we faced a very critical moment and it demanded the Prime Minister’s approval for deploying aircraft in enemy territory, a decision that she alone can make. While awaiting her decision, I carried out a difficult war casualty evacuation mission to overcome the challenge posed by the lack of airlift facility. The importance of this situation could be understood as it required the Prime Minister’s intervention. I am now asking the Government of India to recognize my GALLANT response in enemy’s territory without any concern for my personal safety.

Bharat Darshan. August 15, 2025. Bharat, India Celebrates 79th Independence Day. Nation First, Always First. Lieutenant Governor of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (December 1985 to December 1989) – Lieutenant General TS Oberoi, PVSM, VrC., former General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Headquarters Southern Command, Pune, former Inspector General, Special Frontier Force, former Commandant, Headquarters Establishment No. 22. He is the tall person in this photo wearing dark brown turban. I knew him since 1971. Under his able leadership, the Liberation of Bangladesh commenced during November 1971. Apart from his military wisdom, he took a good care of all men under his Command. While I was proceeding to the Chittagong Hill Tracts, he individually greeted all the members of my team and delayed the departure of aircraft to make sure that a hot breakfast was served to all the men boarding the aircraft. He paid personal attention to all the aspects of the military mission to secure the well-being of men apart from achieving success in accomplishing the military task. The sense of warmth he radiated is easily felt when we meet him in person. His grandson provided me the link to this photo. Photo Credit – Trishna-Ajay-Picasa Web Album.

Bharat Darshan. August 15, 2025. Bharat, India Celebrates 79th Independence Day.Naya Bharat. Nation First, Always First. The remarks made by Lieutenant Colonel B K Narayan of Special Frontier Force on May 13, 1972 in my Annual Confidential Report for 1971-72 are as follows:”A very conscientious and Tough MO who worked hard during the Bangladesh Ops. He did very well and showed Maturity which was beyond the call of duty. I have recommended this Officer for a gallantry award for which he deserves eminently. He is physically Tough and cheerful. Is a fresh entrant with less than 2 years of Service and yet he displayed capability and confidence.

Bharat Darshan. August 15, 2025. Bharat, India Celebrates 79th Independence Day. Naya Bharat. Nation First, Always First. Operation Eagle 1971/72. Remarks of Former Inspector General of Special Frontier Force, Lieutenant General T S Oberoi, PVSM, VrC, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief,Headquarters Southern Command Pune 411001.He remarked about my participation in the India-Pakistan War of 1971.

Dr. R. R. Narasimham (Rebbapragada Rudra Narasimham), B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Personal Number. MR-03277K , Rank. Major, Branch. Army Medical Corps/Direct Permanent Regular Commission

Personal Number. MS-8466, Rank. Captain, Branch. Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission

Medical Officer, South Column, Operation Eagle

Headquarters Establishment No. 22 C/O 56 APO

Bharat Darshan. Friday, August 15, 2025. Bharat, India celebrates 79th Independence Day. Naya Bharat. Nation First, Always First. Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the National Flag hoisting Ceremony at Red Fort, New Delhi, India.

Bharat Darshan. August 15, 2025. Bharat, India Celebrates 79th Independence Day. Nation First, Always First. President Droupadi Murmu addressed the Nation on the eve of the Independence Day Celebration. Operation Sindoor will go down in history as an example in humanity’s fight against terrorism.

Whole Victory – India scores a victory against all odds in Kargil War of 1999

**Saturday, July 26, 2025. Special Frontier Force commemorates the Victory in Kargil War of 1999. The 26th Anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas.**

All said and done, the Kargil War stands out as the proud symbol of Indian Identity and Indian Unity while confronting an adverse situation imposed by the evil, unfair, and unjust actions of India’s Enemy.

26th July is an important date in my memory for I joined the Indian Army Medical Corps at Lucknow on this date in 1970.

The Bofors 155mm howitzers played a remarkable role in the Kargil War. I know the Indian Army Chief who purchased the Bofors Guns that played a major role in the Kargil War of 1999. General Krishnaswamy Sundarji, PVSM (28 April 1928 – 8 February 1999), was the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army from 1986 to 1988. He was the last former British Indian Army officer to command the Indian Army. I served under his Command when he was the General Officer-Commanding-in-Chief of the First Armoured Division between 1976-78.

I commemorate the Victory in Kargil War of 1999 to acknowledge the fact of Special Frontier Force’s participation in this herculean war effort.

Saturday, July 26, 2025. Special Frontier Force commemorates the Victory in Kargil War of 1999. The 26th Anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas.

Kargil Vijay Diwas: The 26th Anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas will be celebrated across the country on Saturday, July 26, 2025. The Indian armed forces defeated attempts by Pakistan to capture strategic heights in Kargil in 1999. The military action to evict the enemy occupier was named ‘Operation Vijay’. It was on July 26, 1999, Indian Army had declared successful culmination of ‘Operation Vijay’, declaring a victory after nearly three-month-long battles against Pakistan on the icy heights of Kargil. India had lost 527 soldiers in the war.

Saturday, July 26, 2025. Special Frontier Force commemorates the Victory in Kargil War of 1999. The 26th Anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas. General VP Malik, Indian Army Chief, during Kargil conflict. (Express Archive Photo)

The nation is remembering its war heroes and paying tributes to Martyrs on Kargil Vijay Diwas. As many as 527 soldiers from the Indian Armed Forces lost their lives during the war. The Kargil Vijay Diwas not only embarks upon India’s win but also pays homage to the fallen heroes who fought valiantly for the nation, and sacrificed their lives to make ‘Operation Vijay’ a success.

The occasion commemorates the glorious victory of the Indian armed forces against the Pakistan Army intruders in the Kargil, Drass and Batalik sectors in 1999.

**Battle of Tiger Hill, Drass Sector, July 02-04, 1999.** **Saturday, July 26, 2025. Special Frontier Force commemorates the Victory in Kargil War of 1999. The 26th Anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas.**

***Kargil 2021: Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat visits Dras Sector along the Line of Control (LOC)***

**Indian Army soldiers during a special event narrating the stories of Operation VIJAY at Lamochen near Dras in Ladakh, Sunday, July 25, 2021. (PTI)**

**The Indian Air Force code named its Operation as Op Safed Sagar (Operation White Sea).**

Friday, July 26, 2024. Special Frontier Force commemorates the Victory in Kargil War of 1999. The 25th Anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas. The Indian Air Force code named its Operation as Op Safed Sagar (Operation White Sea).

**The Kargil War Memorial at the foothill of Tololing hill, where Indian troops fought one of the toughest battles of the Kargil war. The memorial has the tombstones of the martyrs and a museum.**

Indian soldiers on a mountain peak during the war. The Pakistan army had captured nearly 100 km of Indian territory inside the Line of Control. Indian soldiers paid in their blood to regain the land. Photograph: Rediff.com

The Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee along with the Defence Minister George Fernandes, crouching, third from left, the Jammu and Kashmir Governor Girish Chandra ‘Gary’ Saxena, standing second from left, and the Indian Army Chief General Ved Prakash Malik, fourth from right, meet the troops in Kargil. Photograph: Rediff.com

Param Vir Chakra awardees Rifleman Sanjay Kumar, left, and Grenadier Yoginder Yadav, center, with Mahavir Chakra awardee Lieutenant (now Colonel) Balwan Singh, right.
Grenadier Yadav and Lieutenant Balwan Singh were in the commando platoon that led the final assault on Tiger Hill.
Their bravery that night is the stuff of legend. Photograph: *Rediff.com*.

Kargil War Hero — **Saturday, July 26, 2025. Special Frontier Force commemorates the Victory in Kargil War of 1999. The 26th Anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas.**

**Captain Vikram Batra in the Drass sector.**

**Special Frontier Force pays tribute to Kargil War Hero, Captain Vikram Batra, 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, who made the supreme sacrifice on July 07, 1999.**

**Special Frontier Force pays tribute to Kargil War Hero, Captain Keishing Clifford Nongrum, 12 JAK LI, who made the supreme sacrifice on July 01, 1999**

**Special Frontier Force pays tribute to Kargil War Heroes of the Naga Regiment who made the supreme sacrifice on July 06-07, 1999.**

**Special Frontier Force pays tribute to Kargil War Hero,Subedar Nirmal Singh, VrC, 8 SIKH who made the supreme sacrifice on July 05, 1999.**

**Special Frontier Force pays tribute to Kargil War Hero, Captain Jerry Prem Raj, 158 Medium Regiment (Artillery) who made the supreme sacrifice on July 07, 1999.**

**Special Frontier Force pays tribute to Kargil War Hero, Lieutenant Deepankar Kapoor Singh Sharawat, 2 NAGA for his gallant action on July 08, 1999.**

**Special Frontier Force pays tribute to Kargil War Hero, Captain Amit Velma, 9 MAHAR, who made the supreme sacrifice on July 04, 1999.**

**Special Frontier Force pays tribute to Kargil War Hero, Naik V.N. Radha Kumar, 9 Para SF who made the supreme sacrifice on July 01, 1999.**

**Special Frontier Force pays tribute to Kargil War Hero, Sepoy Narendra Singh Jakhar, 8 JAT who made the supreme sacrifice on July 09, 1999.**

**CQMH Amruddin, 22 Grenadiers made the supreme sacrifice on July 03, 1999.**

**Havildar Sis Ram Gill, Vir Chakra, 8 JAT made the supreme sacrifice on July 09, 1999.**

**Indian soldiers during the Kargil War.** **Saturday, July 26, 2025. Special Frontier Force commemorates the Victory in Kargil War of 1999. The 26th Anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas.**

**The Bofors 155mm howitzers played a remarkable role in the Kargil War. Photograph: Fayaz Kabli/Reuters**

**Indian soldiers show the victory sign in Drass after India captured Tiger Hill on July 4, 1999. Photograph: Kamal Kishore/Reuters**

Naik Digendra Kumar served the 2nd Battalion of the Rajputana Rifles during the 1999, Kargil War before retiring in 31st July, 2005. He was awarded the Mahavir Chakra on 15th August 1999, for his heroism in the battlefield.

Major Vivek Gupta of the 2nd Battalion, Rajputana Rifles, died in the Kargil conflict on June 12, 1999, after capturing two important posts in the Drass sector. He was felicitated with Maha Vir Chakra for his heroism at the war front.

July 26, 2024. Special Frontier Force commemorates the Victory in Kargil War of 1999. Colonel Sonam Wangchuk is an Indian Army officer serving the Ladakh scouts regiment. In the 1999 Kargil War, then Major Wangchuk led an operation against Pakistani troops on Chorbat La Top, for which he was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra.

Major Rajesh Singh Adhikari was an Indian Army Officer who died in the Battle of Tololing on May 30, 1999 during the Kargil War. He was awarded the gallantry honor, Maha Vir Chakra for his bravery in warfare.

Indian Army Major Padmapani Acharya of the 2nd Battalion, Rajputana Rifles, was killed by the enemy at Lone Hill on June 28, 1999, during the Kargil conflict. He was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra for his heroic act of bravery despite succumbing to injuries.

Lieutenant Keishing Clifford Nongrum of the 12th Battalion, Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry, attained martyrdom on July 1st, 1999 while capturing Point 4812 during the Kargil War. He was honored with Maha Vir Chakra for his chivalry in the combat operations.

Captain Anuj Nayyar was an Indian Army officer of the 17th Battalion, Jat Regiment, who laid down his life while battling at the Tiger Hill on 7th July 1999 during the Kargil War. He was posthumously awarded the Maha Vir Chakra for his exemplary valor during combat operations.

**The Victorious Indian Army Jawans of 18 Grenadiers after recapturing the Tiger Hill in Drass sector of Jammu and Kashmir. (Express archive)**

Whole Worship – Whole Puja – The Tradition of Guru Worship

The Celebration of Guru Purnima:

The Sanskrit word ‘guru’ translates to ‘dispeller of darkness’. Guru Purnima, marks the appearance day of Srila Vyasadeva.

Guru Purnima falls every year on the day of Ashadha Shukla Purnima. It is also known as Vyasa Purnima because Veda Vyasa, the sage who wrote the Mahabharata and assembled the Vedas, celebrates his birthday on this day.

Bharat Darshan – Bhagavan Ved Vyas – Author of Geetopanishad

In the Indian tradition, Ved Vyas is the legendary author of epic poem Mahabharat, Bhagavata Purana, and several other Puranas , son of Sage Parashara, and Satyavati. He is father of Sage Shuka, King Pandu, and Minister Vidura. He is great-grandson of Maharishi Vasishta, and grandson of Sage Shakti. Ved Vyas is a historical person, a contemporary of another legendary person known as Lord Krishna whom Indians worship. As per Indian tradition, Lord Krishna belongs to a time period or “Yug” called ‘Dwapar Yug.” Apart from being a great poet, Ved Vyas is recognized as a great teacher, a spiritual guide, and a divine personality with exceptional creative writing abilities. He is often recognized as author of ‘Geetopanishad’ for the divine song, ‘Bhagavad Gita’ distills the essence of Vedic Wisdom and presents it as useful guide to live daily life experiencing peace, harmony, and tranquility.

In India, there was a suggestion or speculation about some unknown author, who may have inserted into epic poem Mahabharat, his/her poetical work (700 verses) that most Indians recognize as “Bhagavad Gita” and may have given credit to Ved Vyas, original author of Mahabharat. It raises issues about identity of author and the methods that people use to know the identity of any given person. In both Biology, and Medical Science, identification of individuals or individual entities is very important. Forensic Medicine deals with the identification of unknown dead bodies. In common practice, man is recognized by his occupation or actions. A poet is identified by his/her poetical composition, the literary contents of work published.

I took time to study the concepts shared in Bhagavad Gita, and Bhagavata Purana and I could easily identify the similarities of views. In Bhagavad Gita, Lord Sri Krishna spoke to Prince Arjuna. In Bhagavata Purana, in a story popularly known as ‘Prahalad Charitra’ Demon King Hiranyakashipu spoke to grieving family members following death of his brother. Both of them use the same words and share the same Vedic knowledge about life and death.

BHARAT DARSHAN - BHAGAVAN VED VYAS - AUTHOR OF GEETOPANISHAD, BHAGAVATA PURANA, OTHER PURANAS, AND EPIC POEM MAHABHARAT. — **The celebration of Guru Purnima and Vyasa Purnima on Thursday, July 10, 2025**

The poet who composed Bhagavad Gita knows concepts shared by Vedas and Upanishads. For example, we can compare ‘Parable of the Chariot’ or “Ratha Kalpana” of Katha Upanishad, Part III, verses 3 to 11 with Bhagavad Gita, Chapter III, verses 39 to 43. The author of Bhagavad Gita reconstructed Ratha Kalpana and presented his own version and there is subtle difference between those two concepts. I recognize Veda Vyas as author of Bhagavad Gita through literary analysis and by comparing views and concepts that appear in different works in different contexts. We can easily know the identity of the author by examining his work.

Comparison of Amrita Bindu Upanishad (Krishna Yajur Veda) and Bhagavad Gita:

“Eka eva hi bhutatma bhute bhute vyavasthitah
ekadha bahudha caiva drsyate jala Chandravat.” (Verse # 12)

Being the One, the universal Soul is present in all beings, present in each individual living entity, and this One entity is viewed as several, different entities, just like reflection of (same) Moon seen in several pots of water.

“Sarva-bhutesu yenaikam bhavam avyayam iksate,
avibhaktam vibhaktesu taj jnanam viddhi sattvikam.”(Bhagavad Gita, Chapter XVIII, Verse #20)

The knowledge of one who sees in every living entity, though divided into innumerable forms, one undivided spiritual nature, that knowledge is to be understood as being in the mode of Goodness. Just like the verse from Amrita Bindu Upanishad, this verse speaks about one single reality pervading all existence.

Comparison of Katha Upanishad (Ratha Kalpana) and Bhagavad Gita:

BHARAT DARSHAN - BHAGAVAN VED VYAS - AUTHOR OF GEETOPANISHAD. PARABLE OF CHARIOT, RATHA KALPANA OF KATHA UPANISHAD. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY, ORGANS OF SENSE PERCEPTION, MIND, SEAT OF INTELLECT OR DISCERNMENT, AND SOUL. — The celebration of Guru Purnima and Vyasa Purnima on Thursday, July 10, 2025. Parable of Chariot, Ratha Kalpana of Katha Upanishad. The relationship between body, organs of sense perception, mind, seat of intellect or discernment and soul.

“atmanam rathinam viddhi,
sariram ratham eva tu,
buddhim tu Saradhim viddhi
manah pragraham eva ca;
indriyani hayan ahur
visayams tesu gocaran
atmendriya-mano-yuktam
bhoktety ahur manisinah.” (Katha Upanishad, Part III, Sadhana, Verses 3 &4)

Know the Atman (Self) as the Master or Lord of the chariot, and the body as the chariot, know also the intellect to be the driver and mind as reins. The senses are called the horses, the sense objects are the roads; when the Atman is united with body, senses and mind, then the Wise call Him the Enjoyer.

BHARAT DARSHAN - BHAGVAN VED VYAS - AUTHOR OF GEETOPANISHAD. BODY-MIND-SOUL ARE CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER, WITH SOUL HAVING A CENTRAL CONTROLLING POWER OVER SOME ASPECTS OF FUNCTIONS OF OTHER PARTS OR UNITS TO PROMOTE UNITY AND HARMONY. — The celebration of Guru Purnima and Vyasa Purnima on Thursday, July 10, 2025. Body, Mind, and Soul are connected to each other, with Soul having a central controlling power over some aspects of functions of other parts or units to promote unity and harmony.

These describe hierarchy, various levels of functional control in a complex system that has different parts like body, organs of sense perception, mind, intellect, and a Master who enjoys because of functional Unity and Harmony of organizational units. In a chariot driven by horses, reins are used as a means of guiding, controlling, checking, or restraining horses. The driver uses reins to control horses to slow them down or stop or to allow them to run at full speed without restraint if required.

BHARAT DARSHAN - BHAGAVAN VED VYAS - AUTHOR OF GEETOPANISHAD. THE PROBLEM CALLED DESIRE. THERE ARE SIX KINDS OF DESIRES; 1. KAMA(LUST), 2. KRODHA(ANGER), 3. LOBHA(MISERLINESS), 4.MOHA(INFATUATION), 5. MADA(ARROGANCE), AND 6. MATSARYA(JEALOUSY). — The celebration of Guru Purnima and Vyasa Purnima on Thursday, July 10, 2025. The problem called Desire. There are Six kinds of Desires; 1. Kama (Lust), 2. Krodha (Anger), 3. LOBHA (Miserliness), 4. Moha (Infatuation), 5. Mada (Arrogance), and 6. Matsarya (Jealousy).

“Indriyani mano buddhir asyadhisthanam ucyate
etair vimohayaty esa jnanam avrtya dehinam.” (Bhagavad Gita, Chapter III, Verse 40)

The celebration of Guru Purnima and Vyasa Purnima on Thursday, July 10, 2025. The problem called Desire. There are Six kinds of Desires; 1. Kama (Lust), 2. Krodha (Anger), 3. LOBHA (Miserliness), 4. Moha (Infatuation), 5. Mada (Arrogance), and 6. Matsarya (Jealousy).

It is declared that the senses, the mind, and the intelligence are the stronghold of this sensual desire (‘Kama’), covering one’s discrimination this enemy called sensual desire deludes the living entities.

BHARAT DARSHAN - BHAGAVAN VED VYAS - AUTHOR OF GEETOPANISHAD. PRINCE ARJUNA IS THE MASTER(SOUL), LORD KRISHNA, CHARIOTEER(BUDDHI/INTELLECT), REINS(MIND), HORSES(SENSE ORGANS), CHARIOT(BODY), AND THE ROAD REPRESENTS PURSUIT TO REACH GOAL. — The celebration of Guru Purnima and Vyasa Purnima on Thursday, July 10, 2025. Body, Mind, and Soul are connected to each other, with Soul having a central controlling power over some aspects of functions of other parts or units to promote unity and harmony. Prince Arjuna is the Master (Soul), the Charioteer (Lord Krishna) symbolizes Buddhi (Intellect), the Reins symbolize Mind and Horses symbolize the Sense Organs, the Chariot symbolizes the human Body, and the Road represents the Pursuit to reach goal.

“tasmat tvam indriyany adau niyama bharatarsabha
papmanam prajahi hy enam jnana-vijnana nasanam.”(Bhagavad Gita, Chapter III, Verse 41)

Therefore O’ Arjuna, first you must bring the senses under control and directly destroy this sensual desire(‘Kama’), which is embodiment of sin and the destroyer of knowledge and self-realization.

BHARAT DARSHAN - BHAGAVAN VED VYAS - AUTHOR OF GEETOPANISHAD. TO FIGHT WITH AN EXTERNAL ENEMY IS EASY. MAN HAS TO BE MINDFUL OF INTERNAL ENEMY CALLED 'DESIRE' WHICH HAS SIX DIMENSIONS. — The celebration of Guru Purnima and Vyasa Purnima on Thursday, July 10, 2025. To fight with an external enemy is easy. Man has to be mindful of an internal enemy called Desire which has Six Dimensions.

“indriyani parany ahur indriyebhyah param manah,
manasas tu para buddhir yo buddheh paratas tu sah.”(Bhagavad Gita, Chapter III, Verse#42)

The celebration of Guru Purnima and Vyasa Purnima on Thursday, July 10, 2025. To fight with an external enemy is easy. Man has to be mindful of an internal enemy called Desire which has Six Dimensions.

It is declared, the senses are superior (than insensible matter) but more than the senses, the mind is superior, but more than the mind the intelligence is superior, and more than the intelligence that which is superior is the individual consciousness (Atma).

BHARAT DARSHAN - BHAGAVAN VED VYAS - AUTHOR OF GEETOPANISHAD. INTERNAL ENEMY CALLED 'DESIRE' CAN RUIN AND DESTROY MAN'S LIFE ,DEFEAT MAN AND PREVENT HIM FROM REACHING HIS GOAL OR DESTINATION. — The celebration of Guru Purnima and Vyasa Purnima on Thursday, July 10, 2025. To fight with an external enemy is easy. Man has to be mindful of an internal enemy called Desire which has Six Dimensions.

“evam buddheh param buddhva samstabhyatmanam atmana
jahi satrum maha-baho kama-rupam durasadam.”(Bhagavad Gita, Chapter III, Verse#43)

Thus knowing the individual consciousness (Atman) to be superior to the intelligence, O’ mighty armed one, steady the mind by self-realization and conquer this insatiable enemy which presents in the form of sensual desire (Kama).

BHARAT DARSHAN - BHAGAVAN VED VYAS - AUTHOR OF GEETOPANISHAD. BHAGAVAD GITA IS A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO LIVE DAILY LIFE. — The celebration of Guru Purnima and Vyasa Purnima on Thursday, July 10, 2025. To fight with an external enemy is easy. Man has to be mindful of an internal enemy called Desire which has Six Dimensions.

Bhagavad Gita distills wisdom of Upanishads and conveys knowledge that is of practical value and can be used as daily living guide. While Bhagavad Gita avoids analogy of chariot, the author uses the same concept to guide readers to learn The Art of Self-Discipline, a training that develops self-restraint, self-control to shape character and personal conduct that promote orderliness and efficiency in any given field of human activity or work performance.

If I have the intellectual capacity to compose 700 poems and insert them into work done by another person, I will not stop writing. I will be driven by the same creative zeal to compose more poems and keep publishing my works using my name or another name. Bhagavad Gita exposes identity of a literary genius at work, and very few people have such creative writing ability. If any of my readers have doubts about identity of Ved Vyas; you may have to support your view citing literary works of comparable merit and make claim that a different author made insertion of his/her work giving credit to Ved Vyas.

BHARAT DARSHAN - BHAGAVAN VED VYAS - AUTHOR OF GEETOPANISHAD. VED VYAS IS A HISTORICAL PERSON, INDIAN TRADITION NAMES TIME PERIODS OR YUG. VED VYAS BELONGS TO 'DWAPARA YUGA'. — The celebration of Guru Purnima and Vyasa Purnima on Thursday, July 10, 2025. To fight with an external enemy is easy. Man has to be mindful of an internal enemy called Desire which has Six Dimensions. Ved Vyas is a historical person. Indian tradition names Time Periods as Yug and Ved Vyas belongs to Dwapara Yuga.

Bhagavad Gita refers to Kurukshetra battlefield as “Dharma Kshetra” and the concern of its author is about values, the battle between good and evil. Secondly, the conversation on the battlefield begins with Prince Duryodhana speaking to his guru Dronacharya. Here, the author is carefully suggesting that battle is not decided by relative strengths of parties engaged in war. Prince Duryodhana made an estimate of strength of Pandava Camp and was impressed by strength of Kaurava Camp. But, the author’s concern is about ‘Dharma’ or right actions and the ultimate success of right over might. Sanjaya was a disciple of author Veda Vyas and the author used his poetic imagination and freedom to confer a special ability to his student to know his thoughts as reflected in battlefield dialogue.

Hymns in praise of Maharishi Ved Vyas:

BHARAT DARSHAN - BHAGAVAN VED VYAS - AUTHOR OF GEETOPANISHAD. VED VYAS IS A DIVINE BEING FOR HE SHARED DIVINE KNOWLEDGE THAT BRINGS JOY, BLISS, HAPPINESS, AND ANANDA. — The celebration of Guru Purnima and Vyasa Purnima on Thursday, July 10, 2025. To fight with an external enemy is easy. Man has to be mindful of an internal enemy called Desire which has Six Dimensions. Ved Vyas is a Divine Being for he shared Divine Knowledge that brings Joy, Bliss, Happiness, and Ananda.

Krishna Dwaipayanam Vyasam, sarva loka hite ratam,
Vedabja Bhaskaram Vande Shamdadi nilayam munim.

Vyasaya Vishnu rupaya, Vyasa rupaya Vishnave
Namo vai Brahmanidhaye, Vasishtaya Namo NamaH.

Vyasam Vasishta naptaram, ShakteH poutra makalmasham
Parasaratmajam, Vande Shuka taponidhim.

Whole Yoga – Whole Unity – Whole Humanity

Spirituality Science – The concept of Whole Yoga

**Bharat Darshan describes the concept of Whole Yoga.**

Yoga explores the principle of man’s Unity with God or Supreme Being. Indian tradition suggests that God is present in entire creation and yet God remains detached, unattached, aloof, distant, or separate from creation. Human Existence is evidence for Unity of man with Divine Principle and yet Human Existence is burdensome, worrisome, and troublesome as God chooses to remain separate from entire creation.

**Bharat Drashan describes the concept of Whole Yoga**

International Yoga Day – The Celebration of Man – Woman – God Unity called Humanity

The term ‘Yoga’ is related to ‘Yug’ which pertains to time, and Yoking which means pairing, joining, coming together, harnessed to work together, bonding, and union.

INTERNATIONAL YOGA DAY - THE CONCEPT OF YOGA IS RELATED TO YOKING, PAIRING, WORKING TOGETHER TO EASE BURDEN. — **International Yoga Day – The Celebration of Man – Woman – God Unity called Humanity** The term ‘Yoga’ is related to ‘Yug’ which pertains to time, and Yoking which means pairing, joining, coming together, harnessed to work together, bonding, and union. The harnessing of farm animals makes the burden of Yoke easy.

The term ‘Yoking’ is also attached to Holy Union of Man and Woman in Matrimony, a coming together if mankind has to survive.

International Yoga Day - Celebration of Man-Woman-God Unity called Humanity. Yoga relates to Yoking, a term used to describe Yoke of Marriage. — **International Yoga Day – Celebration of Man-Woman-God Unity called Humanity. Yoga relates to Yoking, a term used to describe the Yoke of Marriage.**

International Yoga Day is observed on June 21 and it emphasizes importance of seeking harmony, and physical well-being through actions that bring body, mind, and soul to work together.

International Yoga Day - Celebration of Man-Woman-God Unity called Humanity. — **International Yoga Day – The Celebration of Man – Woman – God Unity called Humanity** The term ‘Yoga’ is related to ‘Yug’ which pertains to time, and Yoking which means pairing, joining, coming together, harnessed to work together, bonding, and union. The harnessing of farm animals makes the burden of Yoke easy.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - WHOLE YOGA : THE DECLARATION OF INTERNATIONAL DAY OF YOGA SHOWS THE POPULARITY OF THE PHYSICAL PRACTICES ASSOCIATED WITH THE THEORY OF YOGA. — **International Yoga Day – The Celebration of Man – Woman – God Unity called Humanity** The term ‘Yoga’ is related to ‘Yug’ which pertains to time, and Yoking which means pairing, joining, coming together, harnessed to work together, bonding, and union. The harnessing of farm animals makes the burden of Yoke easy. The Declaration of International Day of Yoga shows the popularity of the physical practices associated with the Theory of Yoga.

The UN General Assembly declared June 21 as International Yoga Day. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his maiden address to the UN General Assembly on September 27, 2014, asked the world leaders to adopt June 21 as Yoga Day. He stated that Yoga provides a holistic approach to health and well-being; a holistic way of life that brings harmony between man and nature and promotes simpler lifestyles. Prime Minister Modi has expressed the hope that by changing our lifestyle and creating consciousness, Yoga can help us deal with Climate Change.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - WHOLE YOGA : INDIA'S PRIME MINISTER NARENDRA MODI PRACTICES YOGA AND FINDS IT USEFUL IN HIS PERSONAL LIFE AND WELL-BEING. WHAT IS YOGA ??? — **International Yoga Day – The Celebration of Man – Woman – God Unity called Humanity** The term ‘Yoga’ is related to ‘Yug’ which pertains to time, and Yoking which means pairing, joining, coming together, harnessed to work together, bonding, and union. The harnessing of farm animals makes the burden of Yoke easy. The Declaration of International Day of Yoga shows the popularity of the physical practices associated with the Theory of Yoga. India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi practices Yoga and finds it useful in his personal life and well-being.

The phenomenon called ‘Humanity’ is the evidence of Divine Providence sustaining Life on Earth as individual human beings arrive and depart experiencing Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in their living condition.

What is Yoga?

Yoga is a general term for spiritual practices, and spiritual discipline followed for centuries by devotees of both Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism to attain “Higher Consciousness,” liberation from ignorance, release from suffering, and Freedom from Rebirth. It is also one of the six orthodox systems of Indian Philosophy. Patanjali (2nd Century B.C.,) expounded the Theory and the Practice of Yoga called “Raja Yoga” (Royal Yoga). He stated Yoga Sutras or aphorisms and divided the practice of Yoga into eight stages.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - WHOLE YOGA : THE SCHOOL OF INDIAN THOUGHT CALLED YOGA WAS EXPOUNDED BY PATANJALI WHO DESCRIBED THE YOGA SUTRAS AND THE EIGHTFOLD PATH TO "SAMADHI" OR IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL CONSCIOUSNESS WITH THE GODHEAD. — The School of Indian Thought called Yoga was expounded by Patanjali who described the Yoga Sutras and the Eightfold Path to “Samadhi” or identification of Individual Consciousness with the Godhead.

Patanjali considered “Samadhi” as the highest stage of Yoga practice in which the Yogi, the practitioner of Yoga finds identification of the individual “Consciousness” with the Ultimate Godhead, or the Absolute Reality (often called Brahman). Hindu tradition recognizes three main types of Yoga; Jnana Yoga, the path of wisdom and discrimination, Bhakti Yoga, the path of Love and Devotion to a personal, or impersonal God, or both, and Karma Yoga, the path of selfless or unattached action. Hatha Yoga emphasizes physical control, holding body in systematized postures, and the practice of controlled breathing. In Jainism and Buddhism, the emphasis may involve withdrawing from the world, mental concentration without allowing the mind to get distracted by extraneous things. In Indian traditions, the highest meditative state is called “Nirvikalpa Samadhi,” content less trance that constitutes Liberation or “Nirvana.”

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - WHOLE YOGA : IN BUDDHISM, THE YOGA IS A TOOL TO ATTAIN PERFECT WISDOM, OVERCOMING IGNORANCE BY EMPTYING THE CONTENTS OF THE MIND THAT PERMITS REACHING THE STATE OF PURE CONSCIOUSNESS IN WHICH MAN HAS NO DESIRES. — **In Buddhism, Yoga is a tool to attain perfect wisdom, overcoming ignorance by emptying the contents of the mind that permits reaching the State of Pure Consciousness in which Man has no desires.**

While Yoga may explain the highest aim or purpose in “Life” for most Hindus, Buddhists, and Jains, certain physical practices have found their acceptance in the West without any concern for the religious doctrine or the philosophical basis. Even in the Indian tradition, the practice called “Japa Yoga” which involves the repetition of certain sounds with mystic power or “Mantras” is concerned about providing relief to man while coping with “Stress”, the physical, and mental challenges posed by day-to-day existence in a world where threats to existence come from several known and unknown directions.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - WHOLE YOGA : IN INDIAN TRADITION, THE REPETITION OF CERTAIN SOUNDS, WORDS WITH MYSTIC POWERS CALLED "MANTRAS" IS CALLED "JAPA YOGA." FOR EXAMPLE, THIS "HARE KRISHNA MAHA MANTRA" IS COMPOSED OF SIXTEEN WORDS AND THE MERE CHANTING OF THESE WORDS MAY DESTROY THE EVIL OR POLLUTING EFFECTS OF THE PRESENT TIME CYCLE CALLED "KALI YUGA" WHICH IS ASSOCIATED OR JOINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF "STRESS." — The Indian Tradition of Japa Yoga involves the repetition of certain sounds, words with mystic powers called Mantras. For example, the above Hare Krishna Maha Mantra is composed of Sixteen Words and the mere chanting of these Words may destroy the evil or polluting effects of the present Time Cycle called “Kali Yuga” which is associated or joined with the experience of Stress.

The word ‘Yoga’ is related to the Sanskrit word ‘Yuga’ which symbolizes union, or association of entities or events. It may be noted that the problem of human existence is always connected to the Time and the Place of man’s existence. In the Indian tradition, the events in one’s life are conditioned by the Cyclical Flow of Time, and the Time Cycles have designated names called “Yuga.” The term ‘Yoga’ is variously used in Indian tradition to describe the ‘Yoke’ which is often seen as a mark or symbol of bondage. ‘Yoke’ is commonly used all over the ancient world where the agricultural practices are similar.

What is Yoga? Yoga is related to the Sanskrit Word “Yuga” and it describes the nature of human condition which is influenced by the powerful effects of Time and the need for easing the burden of existence. This principle is often applied in the agricultural fields where the practice of Yoking involves bringing together a pair of Oxen to work together to reduce the burden of their work

Yoke (Hebrew. motah, an oxbow, a yoke, tsemedh, yoke of oxen; Greek. zeugos, a team and Zygos, yoke) in the literal sense, is a bar of wood so constructed as to unite two animals, usually oxen, enabling them to work in the fields, drawing loads and pulling the plow. For these two chief functions yoke was commonly used all over the ancient world.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - WHOLE YOGA : WHAT IS YOGA ???? THE CONNECTION BETWEEN YOGA AND YOKE MUST BE PRPERLY INTERPRETED. YOKING IS ABOUT PAIRING, SOMETHING THAT BINDS, UNITES, OR CONNECTS, OR JOINED TOGETHER APART FROM A PAIR OF ANIMALS HARNESSED TOGETHER TO PERFORM PHYSICAL TASKS THAT IMPOSE A HEAVY BURDEN IF PERFORMED WITHOUT THE PAIRING. — What is Yoga? The connection between Yoga and Yoke must be properly interpreted. Yoking is about pairing, something that binds, unites, or connects, or joins together. Apart from a pair of animals harnessed together to perform physical tasks that impose a heavy burden (if the work is performed without the pairing); Yoking is about sharing the Burdens of Life. The Yoke of Matrimony helps the pair, the Man and the Woman who are united to share the burden of raising their own children.

The Yoke imposes a burden of its own and can be seen as a sign of bondage and servitude. At the same time, the Yoke provides some relief to the entities that are paired or joined together while they are subject to bondage and servitude for there is sharing of the burden. Man’s existence in the world imposes a burden for man has to constantly find an external source of energy to support his living functions. This burden of ‘Life’ is eased for man is paired with Providence, the term that describes God’s Compassion, Mercy, and Grace. Man is never alone in the toils of his ‘Life.’ I use the term “Spiritual” to describe the nature of a relationship, a partnership, a pairing, “Yoking”, an association, a connection, or bonding between two, or more living entities to find Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in their living experience. For man’s existence is conditioned and is constantly threatened by both internal, and external challenges from known and unknown directions, man has to find comfort and solace by pairing with the Divine Providence.

Spirituality is about finding Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in the Living, Human Condition challenged by burdens, worry, anxiety, hopelessness, and misery. The spiritual practice called Yoga will give Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility if Man is Yoked with the Son of Man for His Yoke is Easy and the Burden is Light.

If spirituality is about finding Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in the living, human condition, the spiritual practice called ‘Yoga’ demands the “Yoking” of man with Son of Man. In The New Testament Book, The Gospel According to Saint Matthew, Chapter 11, verses 28 to 30 describe the ‘Yoga’ prescribed by Jesus Christ: “Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light.”

Matthew, Chapter 11, verses 28 to 30 describe the ‘Yoga’ prescribed by Jesus Christ: “Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light.”

If spirituality is about finding Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in the living, human condition, the spiritual practice called ‘Yoga’ demands the “YOKING” of man with “The Good Shepherd.” In The New Testament Book of Bible, The Gospel According to Saint Matthew, Chapter 11, verses 28 to 30 describe the ‘YOGA’ prescribed by Jesus Christ: “Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light.”

Millions stretch and bend as Indian PM Modi leads International Yoga Day exercises

21st June 2016 | AFP

In this photograph released by the Indian Press Information Bureau (PIB) on June 21, 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi takes part in a yoga demonstration at the Capitol Complex in Chandigarh. AFP PHOTO / PIB - — In this photograph released by the Indian Press Information Bureau (PIB) on June 21, 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi takes part in a yoga demonstration at the Capitol Complex in Chandigarh. AFP PHOTO / PIB –

CHANDIGARGH: Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi called yoga a “people’s mass movement” as he took to the mat Tuesday along with millions of others worldwide to celebrate the ancient practice.

Across India, sailors, soldiers, school children and bureaucrats bent and twisted their bodies from early morning at mass outdoor sessions to mark the second International Yoga Day.

Sessions were also held around the world including at the Sydney Opera House where colorful mats were spread outside the Australian landmark, while Afghans and foreigners gathered at the Indian embassy in Kabul.

Yoga-loving Modi, dressed in a white track suit, led more than 30,000 people in the northern city of Chandigarh for a mass session where they performed poses and breathing exercises at the outdoor Capitol Complex.

“Do not wait, make yoga a part of your life,” Modi urged in a brief speech to mark the event, an idea he successfully asked the United Nations to adopt.
“This is a day linked with good health and now it has become a people’s mass movement,” the 65-year-old premier said.

Modi took a short break to inspect the poses of his fellow yogis, who included students and soldiers, before returning to his spot.

His ministers were also dispatched to cities around India to stretch and bend along school children, while the navy tweeted photos of sailors on mats spread atop an aircraft carrier.

Modi, who credits yoga for his ability to work long hours on little sleep, has been spearheading an initiative to reclaim the practice as a historic part of Indian culture after his Hindu nationalist government came to power in 2014.

Indian scholars believe yoga dates back 5,000 years, based on archaeological evidence of poses found inscribed on stones and references to Yogic teachings in the ancient Hindu scriptures of the Vedas.

Modi, who has established a government ministry charged with promoting yoga, last year led around 35,000 people in New Delhi in an outdoor session to mark the first World Yoga Day.

Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh, center in middle row, performs yoga with others at an event to celebrate International Yoga Day in Lucknow, India, Tuesday, June 21, 2016. Millions of yoga enthusiasts are bending their bodies in complex postures across India as they take part in a mass yoga program to mark the second International Yoga Day. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh)

Yoga guru Vachanaananda (2R) conducts a laughter session with Chief Minister of Karnataka Siddaramaiah (R), Union Minister for Fertilizer Ananth Kumar (2L), and Bollywood actress Bipasha Basu (C) at a yoga session to mark International Yoga Day in Bangalore on June 21, 2016. / AFP PHOTO / Manjunath Kiran

This photo taken on June 20, 2016 shows Chinese enthusiasts practicing yoga at a glass sightseeing platform in Shilinxia scenic area in Beijing. June 21 marks the International Yoga Day. / AFP PHOTO / STR / China OUT

Sydneysiders enagage in a yoga event in front of the Australia's iconic landmark Opera House in Sydney on June 21, 2016. Hundreds of Yoga lovers gathered at Opera House to mark the International Yoga Day. / AFP PHOTO / Wendell Teodoro — Sydneysiders engage in a yoga event in front of the Australia’s iconic landmark Opera House in Sydney on June 21, 2016. Hundreds of Yoga lovers gathered at Opera House to mark the International Yoga Day. / AFP PHOTO / Wendell Teodoro

Indian Yoga practicioners pose in front of a floral arrangement after taking part in a morning yoga session to mark International Yoga Day in Lodhi Gardens in New Delhi on June 21, 2016. / AFP PHOTO / ROBERTO SCHMIDT — Indian Yoga practitioners pose in front of a floral arrangement after taking part in a morning yoga session to mark International Yoga Day in Lodhi Gardens in New Delhi on June 21, 2016. / AFP PHOTO / ROBERTO SCHMIDT

Kashmiri students perform yoga at an event to celebrate International Yoga Day in Srinagar, India, Tuesday, June 21, 2016. Millions of yoga enthusiasts are bending their bodies in complex postures across India as they take part in a mass yoga program to mark the second International Yoga Day. (AP Photo/Mukhtar Khan)

**Nepali yoga practitioners take part in a yoga session to mark International Yoga Day in Kathmandu on June 21, 2016. / AFP PHOTO / PRAKASH MATHEMA**

In this photograph released by the Indian Press Information Bureau (PIB) on June 21, 2016, Indian Armed Forces personnel take part in a yoga sesssion to mark International Yoga Day on the Indian Navy aircraft carrier INS Viraat in Mumbai. — In this photograph released by the Indian Press Information Bureau (PIB) on June 21, 2016, Indian Armed Forces personnel take part in a yoga session to mark International Yoga Day on the Indian Navy aircraft carrier INS Viraat in Mumbai.

International Yoga Day-Man-Woman-God-Unity-8 — Indian army personnel take part in a yoga session on International Yoga Day at Khasa on the outskirts of Amritsar on June 21, 2016. Yoga, which means union in Sanskrit, is a family of ancient spiritual practices and also a school of spiritual thought from the South East Asian continent, where it remains a vibrant living tradition and is seen as a means of enlightenment. / AFP PHOTO / NARINDER NANU

Indian Yoga practitioner Goverdhan, sits in front of a monument as he practices yoga in Lodhi Gardens in New Delhi on June 21, 2016, on International Yoga Day. A large group of yoga practicioners gathered at the park to mark International Yoga Day but Goverdhan sat away from the group and completed the same morning ritual he has done for the past 14 years since moving to a colony near the park. / AFP PHOTO / ROBERTO SCHMIDT — Indian Yoga practitioner Goverdhan, sits in front of a monument as he practices yoga in Lodhi Gardens in New Delhi on June 21, 2016, on International Yoga Day. A large group of yoga practitioners gathered at the park to mark International Yoga Day but Goverdhan sat away from the group and completed the same morning ritual he has done for the past 14 years since moving to a colony near the park. / AFP PHOTO / ROBERTO SCHMIDT

Indian yoga practitioneers take part in a session during heavy rains on International Yoga Day in Jammu on June 21, 2016. / AFP PHOTO / - — **Indian yoga practitioners take part in a session during heavy rains on International Yoga Day in Jammu on June 21, 2016. / AFP PHOTO /**

In this photograph released by the Indian Press Information Bureau (PIB) on June 21, 2016, Indian Armed Forces personnel take part in a yoga session to mark International Yoga Day on the Indian Navy aircraft carrier INS Viraat in Mumbai.

Indian army personnel take part in a yoga session on International Yoga Day at Khasa on the outskirts of Amritsar on June 21, 2016. Yoga, which means union in Sanskrit, is a family of ancient spiritual practices and also a school of spiritual thought from the South East Asian continent, where it remains a vibrant living tradition and is seen as a means of enlightenment. / AFP PHOTO / NARINDER NANU — Indian army personnel take part in a yoga session on International Yoga Day at Khasa on the outskirts of Amritsar on June 21, 2016. Yoga, which means union in Sanskrit, is a family of ancient spiritual practices and a school of spiritual thought from the South East Asian continent, where it remains a vibrant living tradition and is seen as a means of enlightenment. / AFP PHOTO / NARINDER NANU

**Indian yoga practitioners participate in a mass yoga session to mark the International Yoga Day at Capitol complex in Chandigarh on June 21, 2016. / AFP PHOTO / PRAKASH SINGH**

**Participants perform yoga during World Yoga Day in Srinagar June 21, 2016. REUTERS/Danish Ismail**

**A student performs yoga during World Yoga Day in Srinagar, India June 21, 2016. REUTERS/Danish Ismail**

**Participants perform yoga during World Yoga Day in Ahmedabad, India, June 21, 2016. REUTERS/Amit Dave**

**A participant performs yoga during World Yoga Day on a seafront promenade in Mumbai, India, June 21, 2016. REUTERS/Shailesh Andrade**

**Participants perform yoga during World Yoga Day on a seafront promenade in Mumbai, India, June 21, 2016. REUTERS/Shailesh Andrade**

**Indian Yoga practitioners participate in a morning yoga session in Lodhi Gardens in New Delhi on June 21, 2016, on International Yoga Day. / AFP PHOTO / ROBERTO SCHMIDT**

Indian Army soldiers participate in a yoga demonstration on International Yoga Day in Chennai on June 21, 2016Yoga, which means union in Sanskrit, is a family of ancient spiritual practices and also a school of spiritual thought from the South East Asian continent, where it remains a vibrant living tradition and is seen as a means of enlightenment. / AFP PHOTO / ARUN SANKAR — Indian Army soldiers participate in a yoga demonstration on International Yoga Day in Chennai on June 21, 2016. Yoga, which means union in Sanskrit, is a family of ancient spiritual practices and a school of spiritual thought from the South East Asian continent, where it remains a vibrant living tradition and is seen as a means of enlightenment. / AFP PHOTO / ARUN SANKAR

An Indian Yoga practitioner sits away from others as she participates in a morning yoga session to mark International Yoga Day in Lodhi Gardens in New Delhi on June 21, 2016 / AFP PHOTO / ROBERTO SCHMIDT

**An Indian Yoga instructor takes photographs as others participate in a morning yoga session to mark International Yoga Day in Lodhi Gardens in New Delhi on June 21, 2016. / AFP PHOTO / ROBERTO SCHMIDT**

Whole Noble – India, the Land of Gautama Buddha

Excerpt: The author emphasizes his deep connection with India, the land of Gautama Buddha and the profound influence of Buddhism on Indian culture, identity, and national symbols. This article advocates for the freedom of Tibet, currently occupied by China, highlighting the spiritual, historical, and cultural ties India has with Tibet through Buddhism. The author also calls on the United States to uphold democratic values and support Tibetan freedom. He illustrates his commitment to this cause by sharing his first-hand experiences with Tibetan Buddhists, his participation in a challenging trek to support them, and his published essay criticizing the prioritization of economic ties over human rights.

Whole Dude – Whole Noble: India – The Land of Gautama Buddha. SIDDHARTHA – GAUTAMA BUDDHA (c. 563 to c. 483 BC):”Whatever is born, produced, conditioned, contains within itself the nature of its own dissolution.” Photo by Noelli from Flickr site. http://www.dalekoniedaleko.pl

I belong to ‘The Land of Gautama Buddha’ and I whole heartedly pledge my support to His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama and to the people of his Land. I firmly believe that we should seek and give our support for a Free Tibet and evict the Occupier of Tibet.

**Whole Dude – Whole Noble: India – The Land of Gautama Buddha.**

Buddham Saranam Gachhami

Dhammam Saranam Gachhami

Sangham Saranam Gachhami

This entry is dedicated to the loving memory of those brave men who sacrificed their lives while nurturing fond hopes to win freedom for Tibet and they cherished a dream to preserve the Tibetan Identity.

Flag of Tibet - India the Land of Gautama Buddha — **Whole Dude – Whole Noble: For India is the Land of Gautama Buddha, we have a duty to defend Tibetan Identity.**

Both Telengana and Andhra Pradesh record the influence of Buddha on our hearts and minds. Acharya Nagarjuna, another great Teacher lived in Nalgonda District. India is the blessed Land where Lord Gautama Buddha had lived and preached. His great compassion and noble qualities made a great impact on our character and our identity as Indians.The symbols such as the National Flag and the National Emblem that we have chosen to represent us speak volumes about the long-lasting influence of the Buddhist preachings.

Whole Dude – Whole Noble: India – The Land of Gautama Buddha. The national flag of India is popularly known as ‘TIRANGA’ or ‘TRICOLOR’. The Saffron or subdued Orange represents Courage, Sacrifice, and the Spirit of Renunciation. The White represents Purity, Peace, and Truth. The Green stands for Fertility, Prosperity, and Faith. The Blue Chakra, the 24-spoked Wheel symbolizes the Wheel of Life in Movement and Death in stagnation. It is the same as the DHARMA CHAKRA or the Wheel of Law found in the Saranath Lion Capital of Emperor Ashoka the Great.

**Whole Dude – Whole Noble: INDIA – THE LAND OF GAUTAMA BUDDHA: INDIA’S NATIONAL EMBLEM PROCLAIMS THE OFFICIAL MOTTO OF INDIA, “SATYA MEVA JAYATE,” TRUTH ALONE TRIUMPHS.**

I had the good fortune to visit Buddhist temples known as Gompas and got acquainted with the Buddhist religious traditions for over four years while I lived with Tibetan Buddhists. I had also visited Tibetan Camps in Bylakuppe and Mundgod in the State of Karnataka.

**Whole Dude – Whole Noble: India – The Land of Gautama Buddha. Godparents or Buddhist Temple in Bylakuppe, near Mysuru City, Karnataka**

In December 1974, when I arrived in Secunderabad, I thought that I am posted to a military station away from my camp life with Buddhists.The motto of our military formation in Secunderabad is “BASH ON REGARDLESS.” I reached Secunderabad from the Himalayan frontier with the hope that I could bring my wife and my daughter from Kadapa where they had been living while I was serving at a field location where families are not permitted to live. As I arrived at my new Unit, the first thing that I was told was that I need to immediately proceed on a military training exercise and that I am not allowed to bring my family to Secunderabad as my services are urgently needed for the exercise.I dutifully took my place in a military convoy and after a few hours my vehicle went past the government quarters where my parents lived while my father worked as Principal of the Nagarjuna Government Arts College in Nalgonda.

**Whole Dude – Whole Noble: India – The Land of Gautama Buddha. Acharya Nagarjuna of Nalgonda District, Telengana, India**

I reached the exercise location near Nagarjuna Sagar and that was my first visit to that area even though I had lived in Andhra Pradesh for a fairly long time.I took the opportunity to visit the historical site of Acharya Nagarjuna’s ‘Vihara’.

**Whole Dude – Whole Noble: India – The Land of Gautama Buddha. Nagarjuna Sagar, Nagarjuna Konda, Nagarjuna Vihara, Buddha Vanam, Nalgonda District.**

Prince Siddhartha left his wife and infant son in the middle of the night and abandoned his life of comfort in a royal palace as he desired to find the “Truth.” I had no intention to travel in the foot steps of Gautama Buddha, but I chose to stay away from my family if that could help His followers to reclaim their lost possessions and preserve their identity. Even today when I look back, I do not regret the time I spent away from my family and my mission to support Tibetan Buddhists was indeed a serious one. I was willing to put my life on-line if that could make a difference in the lives of those Buddhists who needed my services. I want to share the following essay which was published in ‘The Ann Arbor News’ on Thursday,October 14,1999 and hopefully this essay may convey you the passion with which I had served to support the followers of Gautama Buddha:

Don’t neglect Tibet for the sake of making money in China:

The United States-China relationship has naturally come under a critical review because of the nuclear espionage charges.It is irrelevant if China has actually benefited from the sensitive information that the U.S. has lost. What is far more important is the fact that the U.S. has lost its ability to keep sensitive information secure.

Presidential candidate George W.Bush has very correctly pointed out that the U.S. needs to prepare against a potential military threat that China might pose.

A review of the U.S.-China bilateral relationship should take us back 30 years to the time it actually began. The relationship,from the beginning,has no solid foundation. In spite of the huge trade and commerce relationship that the U.S. built up with China over these years, there is a basic lack of trust.

The reason for this mistrust is political. The Chinese political system derives its strength from the ideology of communism. The U.S. essentially adheres to the values of democracy, freedom and liberty.

China, as of today, is not a free society.Its political philosophy does not inspire us and is not trustworthy.Whatever the U.S. business investments may be,whatever the market reforms that China has introduced in recent times may be, there is a huge gap in terms of our political ideologies.

Communism and democracy cannot become good partners in a bilateral relationship.

The reason that I believe would end the U.S.-China bilateral relationship is the problem of Tibet.

The identity of Tibetan people could not be destroyed by all these years of Chinese oppression.The passion of Tibetan people for their freedom could not be subdued by prolonged, brutal occupation. Tibetan people are brave and courageous. They are willing to pay the price to regain their land and liberate it. They have the strength, will power and commitment to achieve this goal.

I witnessed this fact when I marched with hundreds of Tibetans through dense inhospitable forests for three months some years ago.

This was not a camping expedition.We had sick people and severely injured people who were sent to hospitals.We had beautiful people who lost their lives in those remote forests and they lay buried or cremated there. Their sacrifices are etched into my memory.

The only reason for taking that risk to suffer loss of life is the issue of winning back Tibetan freedom.

I also had an opportunity to speak with hundreds of Tibetan boys. Each one of them had a clear idea of their national identity and a compelling desire to win their freedom even if they had to pay for it with their lives.

The U.S. should understand that the issue of Tibet is not going to fade away.

When China occupied Tibet, the U.S. sent its citizens to help these people to plan their resistance.The U.S. sent tons and tons of supplies to aid their struggle. U.S. did not cover itself in glory when it withdrew this support it gave to Tibetans. The U.S. personnel were withdrawn and the aid dried up. That was an intensely painful moment for people like me who were then living with Tibetan people.

All of us had an understanding of the event that led the U.S. to backstab the Tibetan people. The U.S. sacrificed the freedom of the Tibetan people in its quest for establishing bilateral ties with communist China.

Thirty years after this betrayal, the United States should reevaluate the basic principles for which it stands today. The U.S. flag has been always a symbol of freedom. The issue is not that of containment of China. The issue is not that of engagement of China. The real issue is that of the freedom of the Tibetan people. We need to stand up for our own fundamental values and do the right thing.

**Whole Dude – Whole Noble: India, the Land of Gautama Buddha must secure Peace, Freedom, and Justice in Occupied Tibet.**

Whole Friendship – Kashmir is the Witness of the enduring saga of India-Russia Friendship

Revisiting the First Kashmir War of October 22, 1947

The landmass that we call the Republic of India has its own history. It moved across ocean to join Laurasia, a historical event that created the Himalaya Mountain range. Man has no right to create political boundaries and establish his domain in Earthly realm. In fact, God, the LORD Creator is the true owner of Land, Sea, and Air. Man cannot rule or govern his own body for the cells of his body enjoy cellular autonomy. Having said this, I submit, Republic of India’s duty demands defense of Indian Landmass from Kashmir to Kanyakumari to preserve its historical identity.

In 1947, India Deliberately Let Muzaffarabad: Lieutenant General S K Sinha (Retd)

Published on February 01, 2016.

**Kashmir stands as the witness of the Everlasting Saga of Indo -Soviet Friendship**

Former Governor of Jammu & Kashmir Lieutenant General S K Sinha (Retd) was among the first Army-men of the Indian Army to enter Kashmir on 27 October 1947. As a Major he was assigned the plan to plan and oversee the conduct of operations and also given the task of controlling airlift of troops from Delhi to Srinagar. Hence he is not only an eyewitness of the political and war happenings of 1947, but also performed an important role to shape them.
Q. As an Army officer, in which areas you remained posted and for how long?
A. From 1947 to 1949 I was posted with Tactical Headquarters Western Command, first at Jammu and then Srinagar when Lt Gen KM Carriappa took over as Army Commander from Lt Gen Sir Dudley Russell in January 1948. During this period I accompanied the Army Commander visiting forward areas where battles were taking place both in Jammu and in the Valley.
I remained in Kashmir from 1947 to 1949 when cease fire came into effect on 1st January 1949. I returned to Delhi in 1949 and periodically visited Jammu and Kashmir on tour with successive Army Commanders as part of normal duty as GSO 2 (Operations). In July 1949 I went to Karachi as Secretary of Indian delegation to delineate the Cease Fire line in Kashmir.
My total tenure in Jammu and Kashmir during my Army career was 10 years. As a Company Commander I served on a piquet in Gurez Valley, then in Jammu for three years, then three years in Ladakh as a Battalion Commander and after a few years as a Maj Gen commanding a Division in Akhnoor for one year. Subsequently after a long gap I got opportunity to serve people of J&K again when I was Governor of the State for five years from 2003 to 2008.
Q. What date and time you landed in Kashmir?
A. I landed at Srinagar grass landing ground at about noon on 27 October 1947. It was actually an airstrip amid a grassland made for personal plane of the Maharaja. I returned to Delhi later in the afternoon on that very date.
Q. What was your age at the time?
A. I was 21 years 10 months old.
Q. Tell something about your company/regiment and what was your rank?
A. I was in the rank of Major serving in the newly raised Headquarters Delhi and East Punjab Command (later Headquarters Western Command). I was GSO 2 (Operations) in Command with a skeleton staff of only 12 officers with rest all British. Lt Gen Sir Dudley Russel was the Army Commander. At that time both Indian and Pakistan Armies had number of British Officers serving in the two Armies, most of them in India were in the process of departing. The two Armies then had separate British Chiefs. No British Officer of either Army was allowed to visit Kashmir theatre for obvious reasons. Lt Gen Russell asked me to act as his eyes and ears. My responsibility in my appointment was to plan and oversee the conduct of operations as directed by my British superiors. I was also given the task of controlling airlift of troops from Safdarjang airport to Srinagar in requisitioned civilian Dakotas.
Q. Those days what was the number of soldiers flown to Srinagar?
A. We flew in 800 sorties of Dakotas in 15 days. 5000 troops with stores and equipments were flown into last the winter. I was shuttling between Delhi and Srinagar, often overstaying nights in Srinagar. On the first day we could fly in only 12 sorties due to non availability of aircraft. On 27 October 1947 our total strength in Srinagar was 600 troops and the enemy was reported to be 5000 to 10000 led by Maj Gen Akbar Khan of Pakistan Army.
Q. If Indian Army’s was lesser in number than raiders, then why didn’t they succeed to capture Srinagar?
A. They were engaged in rape, massacre and loot in Baramulla. Thus they lost the opportunity of capturing Srinagar which had no defences at that time. This is narrated by Maj Gen Akbar Khan in his book Raiders over Kashmir and also by me in my book Operation Rescue written in 1952.
Q. Where you went after landing?
A. As I said earlier that on 27 October 1947 I was at Srinagar landing ground for only a couple of hours. On the second day I went to Pattan where our troops had withdrawn after contacting the enemy at Baramulla. Lt Col Dewan Ranjit Rai, commanding the first lot of troops was killed at Baramulla after contact with the enemy.
Q. Who were the local Kashmiris you met and what did they say?
A. On first few days I met only local civilians wanting to sell apples in packed boxes at the airport at distress rates to be taken to Delhi in returning empty Dakotas. After a couple of days when we had withdrawn further from Pattan to Shelatang on the outskirts of Srinagar and the front had been stabilised I had to go to Srinagar city on 5 or 6 November 1947. There was no habitation between the landing ground and Zero bridge at that time. I met National Conference workers with lathis in their hands shouting the slogan Hamlewar Hoshiyar, Hum Kashmiri Hindu, Sikh, Muslman tyar. There was no communal tension nor communal violence in Srinagar when the rest of the Sub Continent was caught in the Partition holocaust. The Maharaja and senior officials had fled to Jammu.
Q. Is it true that there was resistance by some locals so army convoys on way to Uri hoisted Pakitani flags on the vehicles?
A. This is utter nonsense and total false propaganda. The only people we encountered between Baramulla and Uri were withdrawing enemy forces in disarray. At Baramulla, on 7 November 1947, we saw the body of Maqbool Sherwani nailed to a Cross just ahead of the Baramulla Convent. There were bodies of Nurses from the hospital in the well and also that of Lt Col Dikes and his wife who had come to Baramulla for a holiday from Naushera in Pakistan. The first notable Kashmiri I happened to meet was Sheikh Abdullah who had just been appointed Administrator of Jammu and Kashmir.
Q. There was killing of civilians by Army at Ram Bagh? Why did army fire on civilian?
A. I am not aware of this incident and I doubt the veracity of this.
Q. Its said that Nehru has said or written in some book that India had asked its Army not to cross Uri. Is it true?
A. I am not aware of it. What I know is that on 14 November 1947 when we reached Uri, our Army Commander, Lt Gen Sir Dudley Russell recommended to Army Headquarters at Delhi that we should pursue the fleeing enemy to Muzafarabad and seal the two bridges at Domel and Kohala and completely clear the Valley of the enemy. The British Military leadership at Delhiu comprised Mountbatten, the Viceroy, General Sir Rob Lockhart, the Army Chief and Lt Gen Sir Archibald Nye, British High Commissioner at Delhi. I believe they advised Nehru that advance to Muzaffarabad may lead to a full blown war between two Commonwealth countries, India and Pakistan. The United Nations was seized of the Kashmir problem and will resolve the issue peacefully. We also heard that Sheikh Abdullah for political reasons did not want the Army to proceed to Muzafarabad because that was a non Kashmiri speaking region where he did not have much political following.
Q. What directions where you given in the field?
A. In the field we got orders not to advance beyond Uri and instead proceed South to Poonch where 30000 Hindu and Sikh refugees were besieged by the enemy forces.
Q. In your view, if Army was allowed to proceed ahead of Uri, what would have happened?
A. Situation would have been totally different. We would have reached Muzaffarabad and cleared it of the attackers and taken it in our control. We were having a big battle advantage. Enemy was fleeing and we could have sealed the two important bridges of Domail and Kohala.
Not allowing its Army to go ahead of Uri chasing the enemy was a battle blunder of India. We lost an important opportunity. If Indian army was allowed to advance beyond Uri, then Muzaffarabad would not have been under control of Pakistan
Q. You have been an Army General. Why Army has failed to completely crush militancy in J&K?
A. In the old days armies of Atilla, Chingiz Khan or Timur did not allow militancy to erupt by carrying out wholesale massacres. No Army in the present age can completely crush militancy. The US failed to do so in Vietnam, Pakistan in Baluchistan, China in Tibet, French in Algeria and so on despite using air power, machine gun and artillery. There has not been a single instance in 25 years in which Indian Army has used any of these heavy weapons causing indiscriminate killing of civilians. Nawab Mohammad Bugti, the veteran separatist leader was killed in a well planned attack on his location by Pakistan Air Force while veteran Kashmiri separatist leader, refused visa for treatment by the US, had been provided best available medical treatment in Mumbai and recovered from serious complicated operations. No doubt there have been some serious cases of human rights violations in Jammu and Kashmir which are inevitable in such operations. The guilty have been proceeded against and till my time in Kashmir nearly one hundred Army personnel found guilty were dismissed and given prison sentences from 2 to 14 years depending upon the gravity of the crime. Most allegations against the Army were found false or exaggerated. The human rights record of the Indian Army in such operations has been much better than any other employed in such operations.
Q. What you think can be a possible solution to Kashmir issue?
A. Pakistan claims that Kashmir is its jugular vein and for India, Kashmir is its soul. India’s legal claim to Kashmir was recognized in the UN Resolution of 13 August 1948 which required Pakistan to withdraw all its forces from Kashmir and allowed to retain her forces till the plebiscite which was not allowed to be held by Pakistan. The Indian Parliament has passed a unanimous resolution to recover the whole of the Sate as it stood on 22 October 1947 without legal justification invaded Jammu and Kashmir. India has been repeatedly reiterating that the whole of Jammu and Kashmir is an integral part of India. Notwithstanding all this, my own personal view is that we should recognize the LOC as international border and both sides develop cordial neighbourly relations. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto during Shimla Accord had given verbal assurance to that effect when the term Cease Fire Line was changed to Line of Control. The latter is more indicative of a permanent solution. The four point out of box solution proposed by Parvez Musharraf was also a move in that direction and so was the call of Atal Beharee Vajpayee to settle the Kashmir issue in Insaniyat Ke Daire Me.

October 22, 2024 – A very good reason to celebrate Indo-Soviet Friendship

Kashmir stands as the witness of the Everlasting Saga of Indo -Soviet Friendship

I ask my readers to understand the US Policy on Kashmir. The US Policy is revealed by the fact that no President of the United States visiting India had visited Kashmir.

**Kashmir. The everlasting saga of Indo-Soviet Friendship.** ***In 1955, Jawaharlal Nehru spent 16 days in the USSR, covering some 13,000km, on his first official tour to the country as the prime minister of India***

In 1955, Jawaharlal Nehru spent 16 days in the USSR, covering some 13,000km, on his first official tour to the country as the prime minister of India

Kashmir. The everlasting saga of Indo-Soviet Friendship. **Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi at the Rustavi Metallurgical Plant in 1955 (Rustavi, Georgia USSR)**

Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi at the Rustavi Metallurgical Plant in 1955 (Rustavi, Georgia USSR)

After India’s independence from the British Rule, Kashmir stands as a true witness of the glorious saga of Indo-Soviet Friendship over the last seven decades.

In June 1955, Nehru visited USSR. During the visit, a joint communique was issued, which emphasized on international peace, the security of small states. Both the Prime Ministers of India and USSR felt that “it is essential to dispel fear in all possible ways.

**Kashmir. The everlasting saga of Indo-Soviet Friendship. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev speaking at the reception held in honor of visiting Soviet delegation at Srinagar.**

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev speaking at the reception held in honor of visiting Soviet delegation at Srinagar.

The visit of the Soviet leaders, Khrushchev and Bulganin to India in November-December 1955 laid the foundation of a new era in Indo- Soviet relationship. Besides Delhi, the Soviet leaders visited Calcutta, Madras, Agra, Coimbatore, and Srinagar. Crowds greeted them with thunderous applause.

Khrushchev assured Indian leadership that USSR would ever come forward to help India at times of difficulties. Speaking at a luncheon given in their honor at the Agra Circuit House by the Governor of Uttar Pradesh, KM Munshi on November 20, 1955, he stressed that “Soviet people were not just fair-weather friends of India but their friendship would last forever even when the weather frowns or the storm blows strong”.

“Let it be known to the world”, he added, “that the friendship between the two people would continue to grow even at times of difficulties and crises”. Bulganin echoed the same rhetoric in his reply to the civic address given by Coimbatore Municipal Council on November 27, 1955. He concluded his speech with “long live the great republic of India. Long live the people of India. Long live the friendship between the people of India and the Soviet Union, Hind-Russi Bhai Bhai and Hind-Russia Sahodare.” (The Hindu, November 28, 1955)

Kashmir. The everlasting saga of Indo-Soviet Friendship. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad showing members of visiting Soviet delegation examining Kashmir handicrafts in Srinagar. The delegation included NA Bulganin, USSR Prime Minister, Khrushchev, Member, Presidium of the Soviet and many others

Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad showing members of visiting Soviet delegation examining Kashmir handicrafts in Srinagar. The delegation included NA Bulganin, USSR Prime Minister, Khrushchev, Member, Presidium of the Soviet and many others

The Soviet leaders expressed the support to the Indian stand on the Kashmir issue explicitly during the course of talks and speeches.

Speaking at the reception given by Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, Prime Minister of Kashmir, in honor of visiting Soviet dignitaries on December 10, 1955, Khrushchev expressed the unequivocal support to the Indian stand on Kashmir.

“Kashmir is one of the states of the Republic of India that has been decided by the people of Kashmir,” he said. “It is a question that the people themselves have decided”. He viewed the Kashmir problem as an imperialist design and severely criticized the “divide and rule” policy of the imperialist powers. He held the view that the Kashmir problem emerged because some states tried to take advantage of the situation to foment animosity between India and Pakistan- countries recently emancipated from colonial oppression.

They reiterated the same on December 14, 1955, in a press conference in Delhi. Bulganin said, “As for Kashmir during our visit there we saw how greatly the Kashmirians rejoice in their national liberation, regarding their territory as an integral part of India”.

On their return to Moscow in the last week of December, they submitted their reports on the visit to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In his report, Bulganin argued that “on the pretext of supporting Pakistan on the Kashmir question certain countries are trying to entrench themselves in this part of India in order to threaten and exert pressure on areas in the vicinity of Kashmir. The attempt was made to sever Kashmir from India artificially and convert it into a foreign military base.”

But, Bulganin said, the people of Kashmir are emphatically opposed to this imperialist policy. “The issue has been settled by the Kashmiris themselves; they regarded themselves as an integral part of India. We became profoundly convinced of this during our meetings with the people in Srinagar, and in our conversations with the Prime Minister of Kashmir, G M Bakshi, and his colleagues”. Further, he said, “The Soviet government supports India’s policy in relations to the Kashmir issue because it fully accords with the interests of peace in this part of Asia. We declared this when we were in Kashmir; we reaffirmed our declaration at a press conference in Delhi on December 14 and we declare it today”.

Khrushchev in his speech said, “in Kashmir, we were convinced that its people regarded its territory as an inalienable part of the Republic of India. This question has been irrevocably decided by the people of Kashmir”

In pursuit of this policy, the Soviet Union opposed the draft resolution co-sponsored by Great Britain, the US, Australia, and Canada on February 14, 1957. The resolution was unacceptable to India. The resolution noted the importance the Security Council “attached to the demilitarization of the state of Jammu and Kashmir preparatory to the holding of a plebiscite”, and “Pakistan’s proposal for the use of a temporary United Nations force in connection with demilitarization”. The Security Council held “that the use of such a force deserved consideration”. (Year Book of the United Nations, 1957 pp 81) The Security Council authorized its president, Gunnar Jarring to visit India and Pakistan to bring about demilitarization or further the settlement of the dispute.

Kashmir. The everlasting saga of Indo-Soviet Friendship. Prime Minister of Kashmir **Bakhshi took the visiting USSR leaders in a huge boat procession in the river Jhelum. Thousands of people were on either side of the river banks to greet them in December 1955.**

Prime Minister of Kashmir Bakhshi took the visiting USSR leaders in a huge boat procession in the river Jhelum. Thousands of people were on either side of the river banks to greet them in December 1955.

On February 18, 1957, the Soviet delegate, Sobolev, proposed amendments to the above-mentioned resolution. He argued “the situation in Kashmir has changed considerably since 1948 when the Security Council had first called for a plebiscite. The people of Kashmir had settled the question themselves and now considered their territory an integral part of India”. (UN Security Council Official Records, 12th session, 768thmeeting, February 14, 1957) In his resolution, the Soviet delegate deleted the reference to “the use of a temporary UN force in connection with demilitarization” in Kashmir. After his amendments were rejected by the other Security Council members on February 20, 1957, Sobolev vetoed the Western-sponsored resolution. He justified the veto by alleging that the resolution, as it stood, favored Pakistan. (Security Council Official Records, 773rd meeting, February 20, 1957) He told the Security Council that in his government’s opinion the Kashmir question had in fact already been settled by the people of Kashmir.

In March 1959, a Soviet delegation led by A Andrew visited Kashmir to demonstrate that the Soviet Union regarded Kashmir as an Indian state. Shortly after his arrival in Srinagar, Andrew described Kashmir as “the most beautiful place of the world” and reiterated that the Soviet Union regarded “Jammu and Kashmir as an integral part of the Indian Republic”. Pointing out that Kashmir “is not far from the Southern frontier of the Soviet Union” he declared that, “in your struggle, we are your comrades”. (Security Council Official Records, 773rd meeting, February 20, 1957, pp 46.)

Next month Indian leader Karan Singh was received by leading Soviet leaders including Khrushchev in Moscow. Khrushchev welcomed the guest from “friendly India” and reiterated the Soviet support to the Indian policy in Kashmir. Karan Singh thanked Soviet leader for his unequivocal support to India and said that the Soviet policy towards Kashmir was well known.

When the UN Security Council met on April 27, 1962, to discuss the Kashmir issue, Soviet delegate, Platen Morozov, gave India total and unequivocal support. In his speech, Morozov declared, “the question of Kashmir, which is one of the states of the Republic of India and forms an integral part of India, has been decided by the people of Kashmir themselves. The people of Kashmir have decided this matter in accordance with the principle of democracy and in the interest of strengthening relations between the people of this region.”

**Kashmir. The everlasting saga of Indo-Soviet Friendship. Russian premier Kosygin with his counterparts from India and Pakistan at Tasknet – Ayub Khan and Lal Bahadur Shastri.**

Russian premier Kosygin with his counterparts from India and Pakistan at Tasknet – Ayub Khan and Lal Bahadur Shastri.

When the Security Council met again on June 21, 1962, the representative of Ireland, supported by the British representative, introduced a resolution. It was quite clear, according to Morozov, the ‘principal aim’ of the draft resolution was holding of a plebiscite and this would be nothing but ‘flagrant interference’ in the domestic affairs of India. (Year Book of the United Nations, 1962 pp 130)

Morozov urged the Council to reject the Irish resolution insisting it was basically in line with US dictates. When the Irish resolution was put to vote on June 23, 1962, the Soviet representative vetoed it. He declared that the question of holding a plebiscite in Kashmir was ‘dead and outdated’ and the Kashmir question had been solved ‘once for all’.

USSR supported Indian stand on Kashmir at various fora. It also supported Nehru’s decision to withdraw the special status to J&K and to integrate the state into the Indian Union. At a reception at Rumanian embassy in Moscow, Khrushchev declared that the Soviet Union extends its ‘full support’ to the integration of Kashmir to the Indian Republic, insisting his attitude towards Kashmir remains unchanged.

**Kashmir. The everlasting saga of Indo-Soviet Friendship. Sadar-i-Riyasat, Dr. Karan Singh, his wife and Indira Gandhi with the visiting USSR delegation in Srinagar.**

Sadar-i-Riyasat, Dr. Karan Singh, his wife and Indira Gandhi with the visiting USSR delegation in Srinagar.

When the Kashmir question came before the Security Council in February 1964, the Soviet representative, Federenko, reiterated his country’s view that the question of Kashmir had already been settled ‘once for all’. He also supported the Indian contention that a Security Council resolution would aggravate the situation and thought that the Indian proposal for a ministerial meeting to discuss the communal question and no-war treaty constituted a ‘realistic approach’ in the interests of peace in Asia and the whole world. (Year Book of The United Nations, 1964 pp 131)

After the unexpected departure of Khrushchev from the Soviet political scene, it appeared that USSR attitude towards Kashmir issue underwent change. However, the Soviet envoy to India, Benediktov assured New Delhi in October 1964 that the Soviet attitude towards Kashmir had remained unchanged. During her visit to Moscow, Indian Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi was assured by the new Soviet Prime Minister Alexi Kosygin that the Soviet support for India’s policy in Kashmir had remained unchanged and that Moscow regarded “Kashmir as an integral part of India”. (Patriot, 24 October 1964)

My special thanks to Dr. Debidatta Aurobinda Mahapatra for his article.

At the UN Security Council, where this matter was raised several times, Soviet delegate attempted to maintain a non-partisan view, though he referred to the Indian state of J&K. He blamed the current conflict on those ‘forces which are trying to disunite and set against each other the states that have liberated themselves from the colonial yoke’ and those ‘which are pursuing the criminal policy of dividing peoples so as to achieve their imperialist and expansionist aims’. The friendship with USSR nevertheless stood in good stead when it came to the support of India on points of objection that India raised.
On October 25, 1965, the Indian Foreign Minister, Swaran Singh objected to Pakistan Foreign Minister, ZA Bhutto’s reference to the internal situation in Kashmir and held that it was India’s internal affairs. He held that the opposite view was a deviation from the agreed agenda and thus walked out in protest. USSR had shown support to the Indian interpretation that the Council’s deliberations should be only on “questions directly connected with the settlement of the armed conflict, i.e. complete ceasefire and withdrawal of armed personnel. It had also abstained from voting on the resolution adopted by the Council on November 5, 1965. (Year Book of the United Nations, 1965, pp 171) The resolutions failed to resolve the crisis.

**Kashmir. The everlasting saga of Indo-Soviet Friendship. Visiting USSR delegation with Prime Minister Bakhshi’s cabinet with Sadar-i-Riyasat seen in the center.**

Visiting USSR delegation with Prime Minister Bakhshi’s cabinet with Sadar-i-Riyasat seen in the center.

I thank Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and the people of Russia for their consistent support to India in defending Kashmir.

Russia Backs India On J&K Move, Says Change In Status Within Constitution

Moscow said that the “change in the status of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and its division into two Union Territories has been carried out within the framework of the Constitution of the Republic of India.”

Russia Backs India On J&K Move, Says Change In Status Within Constitution — **Kashmir. The everlasting saga of Indo-Soviet Friendship.**

Russia is a consistent supporter of the normalization of relations between India and Pakistan.

Russia has backed India’s moves on Jammu and Kashmir, saying that the changes are within the framework of the Indian Constitution, even as it urged India and Pakistan to maintain peace.

In response to a question during its press briefing on Friday, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia said Moscow expects that India and Pakistan “will not allow aggravation of the situation in the region due to the change by New Delhi in the status of the state of Jammu and Kashmir”.

Moscow said that the “change in the status of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and its division into two Union Territories has been carried out within the framework of the Constitution of the Republic of India”.

It hoped that the two sides will “not allow a new aggravation of the situation in the region as a result of the decisions”.

Russia is a consistent supporter of the normalization of relations between India and Pakistan.

“We hope that the differences between them will be resolved by political and diplomatic means on a bilateral basis in accordance with the provisions of the Shimla Agreement of 1972 and the Lahore Declaration of 1999,” the Foreign Office said.

Relations between India and Pakistan have been tensed ever since New Delhi revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir and divided it into two Union Territories — J&K and Ladakh earlier this week, in order to bring in faster development and security to the state.

(This story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)

The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.

What are the 5 days of Diwali in 2025?

What is the difference between Diwali and Deepavali?

Deepam Jyoti ParabrahmaDeepam Sarva tamopaham

Deepena Saadhyathe SarvamSandhya Deepam Namostute

Spirituality Science – Light of Lights – The Phenomenon of Illumination

The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Phenomenon of Knowing:

LIGHT OF LIGHTS

kiMjyotistavabhAnumAnahanimeraatraupradiipAdikaM.

syAdevaMravidIpadarshanavidhaukiMjyotirAkhyaahi me.

cakShustasyanimiilanAdisamayekiMdhiirdhiyodarshane.

kiMtatrAhamatobhavAnparamakamjyotistadasmiprabho.

The Celebration of all the glorious forms of Divine Mother

Devi Navratri Celebration – September 22 to October 02, 2025 Calendar:

The celebration of Ganesh Chaturthi on Tuesday, August 26, 2025

A Prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success through Obedience and Humility

The Father and the Mother – Principles governing Life:

Maatru Devo Bhava, Pitru Devo Bhava – The Divinity of Mother and Father:

DEDICATION:

The Divine Mother of Life:

The Source of Life – Protoplasm:

The Law of Individuality- Heredity and Variation:

The Divine Mother of Energy and Compassion:

Acquisition of Energy:

Kreb’s Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle:

Mitochondria – The Powerhouse of Cells:

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts – A Divine Source of Energy Acquisition:

The Divine Mother of Knowledge:

The Biological Membrane – An Organ of Sense Perception:

The Cytoplasmic or Maternal Inheritance:

79th Independence Day of India – Whole Measurement of Life Journey

Indian Independence – A Measure of My Life

25th INDEPENDENCE ANNIVERSARY MEDAL – 1972

OPERATION EAGLE 1971-72-THE CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS – LIBERATION WAR OF BANGLADESH:

The Celebration of Guru Purnima:

Bharat Darshan – Bhagavan Ved Vyas – Author of Geetopanishad

Comparison of Amrita Bindu Upanishad (Krishna Yajur Veda) and Bhagavad Gita:

Comparison of Katha Upanishad (Ratha Kalpana) and Bhagavad Gita:

Hymns in praise of Maharishi Ved Vyas:

Spirituality Science – The concept of Whole Yoga

International Yoga Day – The Celebration of Man – Woman – God Unity called Humanity

What is Yoga?

Millions stretch and bend as Indian PM Modi leads International Yoga Day exercises

Don’t neglect Tibet for the sake of making money in China:

Revisiting the First Kashmir War of October 22, 1947

In 1947, India Deliberately Let Muzaffarabad: Lieutenant General S K Sinha (Retd)

October 22, 2024 – A very good reason to celebrate Indo-Soviet Friendship

Kashmir stands as the witness of the Everlasting Saga of Indo -Soviet Friendship

In 1955, Jawaharlal Nehru spent 16 days in the USSR, covering some 13,000km, on his first official tour to the country as the prime minister of India

Russia Backs India On J&K Move, Says Change In Status Within Constitution

Moscow said that the “change in the status of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and its division into two Union Territories has been carried out within the framework of the Constitution of the Republic of India.”

Deepam Jyoti Parabrahma
Deepam Sarva tamopaham

Deepena Saadhyathe Sarvam
Sandhya Deepam Namostute