While living in Sikkim, the 13th Dalai Lama directed attacks on Chinese forces in Lhasa forcing them to leave Tibet. He returned to Lhasa and took advantage of the downfall of Qing Dynasty in China. On February 13, 1913, Tibet declared Full Independence.
In 1910, Ch’ing or Qing China dispatched a military expedition to attack Lhasa to arrest the Great 13th Dalai Lama’s aspirations for Tibet’s Independence. He escaped to India. While living in Sikkim, the 13th Dalai Lama directed attacks on Chinese forces in Lhasa forcing them to leave Tibet. He returned to Lhasa and took advantage of the downfall of Qing Dynasty in China. On February 13, 1913, Tibet declared Full Independence.
Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment
tibet equilibrium sikkim gateway to tibet
the evil red empire map of tibet
MAJOR GENERAL SHERU THAPLIYAL’S ACCOUNT OF INDO-CHINESE CLASHES IN 1967.
While living in Sikkim, the 13th Dalai Lama directed attacks on Chinese forces in Lhasa forcing them to leave Tibet. He returned to Lhasa and took advantage of the downfall of Qing Dynasty in China. On February 13, 1913, Tibet declared Full Independence.
Indian and Chinese Armies clashed alongside Sikkim Tibet border on 11–14 September 1967 at Nathu La & 1 October 1967 at Cho La. Indian Army beat the Chinese badly with heavy casualties to Chinese and established strong control over Nathu La and Cho La. The Chinese were driven back 3km at Cho La.
Following is an account of Maj. Gen Sheru Thapliyal, (Retd.) who commanded the Nathu La brigade and an Infantry division in the Ladakh sector..
After the debacle of 1962, nothing could have enhanced the self esteem of the Indian Army than the mauling that was given to the Chinese at Nathu La in Sikkim on 11th September 1967 and at Chola on 1st October 1967. It must have come as a rude shock to the Chinese Army and also its political leadership. And by a happy coincidence, the Indian Army leadership which got the better of this eyeball-to-eyeball confrontation was the same that went on to create Bangladesh in 1971. Maj Gen Sagat Singh was GOC Mountain Division in Sikkim, Lt Gen Jagjit Aurora was the Corps Commander and Sam Manekshaw was the Eastern Army Commander.
I too served in Nathu La. After finishing my young officer’s course, it was on 21 July 1967 that I reported to my Unit, a mule pack artillery regiment in Sikkim. Those days young officers were made to have their professional mailing by sending them on long-range patrols (LRP) for area familiarisation, take part in khad race to increase their stamina and sending them to remote observations ports on Sikkim-Tibet border for a month. Having done my share of LRPs and having taken part in the khad race, I was sent to the main Sabu La observation post on the Sikkim-Tibet Border. This observation post is about a kilometre south-west of Nathu La. It dominates Nathu La by virtue of taking on higher ground and commands an excellent view of the pass as also the Chinese defense on the feature known as North shoulder. There were two observation posts at Sabu La and had a good old radio set 62 and PRC-10 and of course line communications to the guns deployed in the rear.
Nathu La at 14200 feet is an important pass on the Tibet-Sikkim border through which passes the old Gangtok-Yatung-Lhasa Trade Route. Although the Sikkim-Tibet boundary is well defined by the Anglo-Chinese Convention of 17 March 1890, the Chinese were not comfortable with Sikkim being an Indian protectorate with the deployment of the Indian Army at that time. During the 1965 War between India and Pakistan, the Chinese gave an ultimatum to India to vacate both Nathu La and Jelep La passes on the Sikkim-Tibet border. For some strange reason, the Mountain Division, under whose jurisdiction Jelep La was at that time, vacated the pass. It remains under Chinese possession till date. However, Lt. Gen Sagat Singh, true to form, refused to vacate Nathu La. Incidentally it is at Nathu La where Chinese and Indian forces are deployed barely thirty yards apart, closest anywhere on the 4000 km Sino-Indian border and the border remains undemarcated. Chinese hold the northern shoulder of the pass while Indian Army holds the southern shoulder. Two dominating features south and north of Nathu La namely Sebu La and Camel’s back were held by the Indians. Artillery observation post officers deployed on these two features have an excellent observation into Chinese depth areas whereas from Northern shoulder, Chinese have very little observations into Indian depth areas. This factor proved crucial in the clash that ensued. At the time of the clash, 2 Grenadiers was holding Nathu La. This battalion was under the command of Lt Col (Later Brigadier) Rai Singh. The battalion was under the Mountain Brigade being commanded by Brig MMS Bakshi, MVC.
The daily routine at Nathu La used to start with patrolling by both sides along the perceived border which almost always resulted in arguments. The only one on the Chinese side who could converse in broken English was the Political Commissar who could be recognised by a red patch on his cap. Sentries of both the forces used to stand barely one meter apart in the centre of the Pass which is marked by Nehru Stone, commemorating Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru’s trek to Bhutan through Nathu La and Chumbi Valley in 1959. Argument between the two sides soon changed to pushing and shoving and on 6 September 1967 a scuffle took place in which Political Commissar fell down and broke his spectacles. These incidents only added to the excitement. I developed excellent rapport with Capt Dagar of 2 Grenadiers and a few days before the clash we had gone to Gangtok together on “liberty” to see a movie. Little did I know that within a week, Dagar would be a martyr.
In order to de-escalate the situation it was decided by the Indian military hierarchy to lay a wire in the centre of the Pass from Nathu La to Sebu La to demarcate the perceived border. This task was to be carried out by the jawans of 70 Field Company of Engineers assisted by a company of 18 Rajput deployed at Yak La pass further north of Nathu La. The wire laying was to commence at first light on the fateful morning of 11 September 1967.
That morning dawned bright and sunny unlike the normal foggy days. The engineers and jawans started erecting long iron pickets from Nathu La to Sebu La along the perceived border while 2 Grenadiers and Artillery Observation Post Officers at Sebu La and Camel’s Back were on alert. Immediately the Chinese Political Commissar, with a section of Infantry came to the centre of the Pass where Lt. Col Rai Singh, CO 2 Grenadiers was standing with his commando platoon. The Commissar asked Lt Col Rai Singh to stop laying the wire. Orders to the Indian Army were clear. They were not to blink. An argument started which soon built up into a scuffle. In the ensuing melee, the commissar got roughed up. Thereafter the Chinese went up back to their bunkers and engineers resumed laying the wire.
Within a few minutes of this, a whistle was heard on the Chinese side followed by murderous medium machine gun fire from north shoulder. The pass is completely devoid of cover and the jawans of 70 Field Company and 18 Rajput were caught in the open and suffered heavy casualties which included Col Rai Singh who was wounded. He was awarded MVC later. Two brave officers – Capt Dagar of 2 Grenadiers and Major Harbhajan Singh of 18 Rajput rallied a few troops and tried to assault the Chinese MMG but both died a heroic death. They were posthumously awarded Vir Chakra and MVC respectively. 2 Grenadier opened small arms fire on North shoulder but it was not very effective. Within the first ten minutes, there were nearly seventy dead and scores wounded lying in the open on the pass. Within half an hour, Chinese artillery opened up on the pass as well as in the depth areas but it was mostly prophylactic fire due to lack of observation and failed to do much damage. Meanwhile we as artillery observation post officers asked for artillery fire, permission for which came a little later. Because of excellent domination and observation from Sebu La and Camel’s back, artillery fire was most effective and most of the Chinese bunkers on North shoulder and in depth were completely destroyed and Chinese suffered very heavy casualties which by their own estimates were over 400. The artillery duel thereafter carried on day and night. For the next three days, the Chinese were taught a lesson. On 14 September, Chinese threatened use of Air Force if shelling did not stop. By then the lesson had been driven home and an uneasy ceasefire came about. The Chinese, true to form, had pulled over dead bodies to their side of the perceived border at night and accused us of violating the border. Dead bodies were exchanged on 15 September at which time: Sam Manekshaw, Aurora and Sagat were present on the Pass.
Every battle has its own share of heroism, faint heartedness, drama and humour. The Nathu La skirmish was no exception. 2 Grenadiers were initially shaken up due to the loss of Capt Dagar and injury to their CO but found their man of the moment in Lieutenant Atar Singh who went round from trench to trench to rally the troops and was later promoted as Captain on the spot. On the lighter side was one artillery observation post officer, my colleague at Sebu La whose radio set was damaged due to shelling and he was out of communication with his guns. He rightly decided to go back to the base at Sherathang in the depth to get another radio set. While he was on his way back, Commander Artillery Brigade was coming up. He stopped the young captain, accused him of running away from the battle and sent him back after reducing him to his substantive rank of a second lieutenant. Casualties could not be evacuated for three days and nights as any move to do so invited a hail of Chinese bullets. Some wounded may well have succumbed to cold and rain. There were awards for bravery as also court martial for cowardice. However, what stood out was the steadfastness of the commanders and bravery of the jawans and junior officers. Indians refused to blink and the mighty Chinese dragon was made to look ordinary.
The situation again flared up twenty days later when on 1 October 1967 a face-off between India and China took place at Cho La, another pass on the Sikkim-Tibet border a few kilometers north of Nathu La. Despite initial casualties, 7/11 GR and 10 JAK RIF stood firm and forced the Chinese to withdraw nearly three kilometers away to a feature named Kam Barracks where they remain deployed till date. Cho La Pass is firmly in Indian hands. Indian Army had got better of the Chinese yet again.
No wonder, Sino-Indian border has remained peaceful ever since to the extent that today Chinese soldiers come and ask their Indian counterparts at Nathu La for cigarettes, rum and tea, mail is exchanged twice in a week in a hut constructed specially for this purpose and border personnel meeting takes place there twice a year. It was my privilege to command the Nathu La Brigade many years later and conduct the first border personnel meeting at Nathu La is 1995.
Tibet is a fascinating place with equally fascinating people. The following tribute to musician David Bowie (January 08, 1947 to January 10, 2016) captures an interesting facet of this artist.
Tibet is a fascinating place with equally fascinating people. The following tribute to musician David Bowie (January 08, 1947 to January 10, 2016) captures an interesting facet of this artist.
Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment
PATHEOS
David Bowie’s fascination with Tibet and Buddhism
January 11, 2016 by JUSTIN WHITAKER
With the very sad passing of the great David Bowie, tributes have poured in from around the world. Bowie, as the NYTimes writes, “Transcended Music, Art and Fashion.” Among them a number have noted his youthful connections with Buddhism, which was growing in popularity in the England of the 1960s. Of particular interest is an in-depth blog dedicated to the songs of Bowie, aptly named “Pushing Ahead of the Dame: David Bowie, song by song.” In one post there, the author, Chris O’Leary, recounts Bowie’s early fascination with the Tibet and Buddhism of Heinrich Harrer’s 1952 book “Seven Years In Tibet”:
David Bowie discovered Buddhism in his early teens, thanks to his step-brother Terry’s beatnik leanings, the novels of Jack Kerouac and a few Penguin paperbacks that gave him the basic schematics of the religion. It was Harrer’s book that set him a-boil: “When I was about nineteen I became an overnight Buddhist,” he recalled in 1997. “At that age a very influential book for me was called “Seven Years In Tibet”…[Harrer] was one of the very first Westerners to ever spend any time in Tibet; in fact, one of the very first Westerners actually to go into Tibet and discover for himself this extraordinary existence and this incredibly sublime philosophy.” “Silly Boy Blue,” Bowie’s first Buddhist song, was inspired by Harrer’s descriptions of Lhasa and the Dalai Lama’s winter palace of Potala, the song opening with the yak-butter statues made for celebration days. – Pushing Ahead of the Dame | Seven Years in Tibet
Rod Meade Sperry at Lion’s Roar writes that Bowie nearly became a Buddhist at Samye Ling, the monastery of up-and-coming “Crazy Wisdom” guru Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche, in Scotland in 1967: “I was within a month of having my head shaved, taking my vows, and becoming a monk,” Bowie has said about that period of his life. But, as the story goes, he was torn and so sought Trungpa’s counsel. His reply to the famous young seeker? That he should remain a musician, for that was how he could be of the most benefit.
Writing for the Guardian in 2013, Sean O’Hagen casts doubt on how influential Buddhism was on the young Bowie:
In the mid to late 1960s, he immersed himself deeply, but often briefly, in whatever caught his imagination, whether Buddhism – he went on a retreat to a Buddhist community in Scotland in 1967 – or mime – studying seriously under Lindsay Kemp, his first artistic mentor.
Aligned to all this cosmic adventurism, though, was his oddly old-fashioned attraction to showbusiness, vaudeville and musicals. As the pop-culture historian Jon Savage points out, Bowie’s eponymously titled debut album, released in 1967, is “almost defiant in the way that it contains almost no trace of contemporary pop modes. Despite Bowie’s deep interest in Buddhism, he had no sympathy with the hippy package: the record was a strange mixture of exaggerated, cockney vocals – inspired both by Anthony Newley and Syd Barrett – intricate arrangements and songs that constantly shifted tone and mood, from horror to farce, from Edwardiana to fairytales and back again.”
At the Hollowverse, Tom Kershaw writes that:
Like so many aspects of this man, Bowie is difficult to pin down–even to himself. By his own account, he’s tried about every religion in the book, saying:
I was young, fancy free, and Tibetan Buddhism appealed to me at that time. I thought, ‘There’s salvation.’ It didn’t really work. Then I went through Nietzsche, Satanism, Christianity… pottery, and ended up singing. It’s been a long road.
But in his advanced years, Bowie’s real spiritual views have come out. He said:
I’m not quite an atheist and it worries me. There’s that little bit that holds on: Well, I’m almost an atheist. Give me a couple of months. [in 2003]
The Hollowverse | The religion and political views of David Bowie
However, returning once more to “Pushing Ahead of the Dame” we find it argued that Buddhism was indeed an influence on early Bowie songs. There O’Leary writes that Bowie “meant for the backing chorus of his [1965] single “Baby Loves That Way” to sound like chanting monks.” Have a listen: And his 1967 “Silly Boy Blue” tells the story of a rule-breaking boy in the streets of Tibet’s capital city Lhasa:
Though some of his colleagues and friends in the late Sixties considered Bowie’s Buddhist leanings to be hip affectations, others saw a more fervent side of him. The journalist George Tremlett and Bowie’s housemate/lover Mary Finnigan attested that Bowie was serious about Buddhism, speaking to them for hours about it. Whether he truly meant to join a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Scotland, which he visited in late 1967, is very questionable. What’s not is that the symbols of Buddhism, its sutras, its concepts like reincarnation (see “Quicksand”), the Oversoul and astral projection (see “Did You Ever Have a Dream“), were essential to Bowie’s growth as a songwriter. Buddhism gave him a reservoir of imagery to use: it gave him a spiritual scaffolding. Pushing Ahead of the Dame | Seven Years in Tibet
The Chinese invasion and occupation of Tibet further spurred Bowie’s interest in and sympathy for Tibetan Buddhism.
When you’re kind of young and idealist we were protesting the invasion of Tibet by China. And thirty years later they’re still there. Nothing has really moved. And more than anything else it was the lectures that the Dalai Lama has been doing over the last couple of years that really prodded me a bit. Made me feel quite guilty that I’ve known about this situation quite well and quite intimately for many, many years—that I hadn’t actually come out and made my stance on what I feel about it. So I guess that song [Seven Years in Tibet, below] in a way was to make some kind of amends. Bowie, radio interview, 1997. [from Pushing Ahead of the Dame | Seven Years in Tibet]
In that year he released the very dark “Seven Years in Tibet” with lyrics including: ‘Are you OK? | You’ve been shot in the head | And I’m holding your brains,’ | The old woman said…
Speaking of the song, Bowie noted:
The subtext of the song is really some of the desperation and agony felt by young Tibetans who have had their families killed and themselves have been reduced to mere ciphers in their own country. Bowie, 1997. [from Pushing Ahead of the Dame | Seven Years in Tibet]
A figure sitting cross-legged on the floor he’s clogged and clothed in saffron robes His beads are all he owns Slow down, slow down Someone must have said that slow him down Slow down, slow down It’s pictured on the arms of the karma man Karma Man (1967)
R.I.P. David Bowie (January 8, 1947 – Jan 10, 2016)
Copyright 2008-2015, Patheos. All rights reserved.
Tibet is a fascinating place with equally fascinating people. The following tribute to musician David Bowie (January 08, 1947 to January 10, 2016) captures an interesting facet of this artist.
Tibet Consciousness – The Undying Hope for Freedom
Hope for Tibet’s Freedom comes from a belief that predicts Red China’s sudden downfall similar to fall of the Evil Empire identified as Babylon in Revelation, Chapter 18.Hope for Tibet’s Freedom comes from a belief that predicts Red China’s sudden downfall similar to fall of the Evil Empire identified as Babylon in Revelation, Chapter 18.Hope for Tibet’s Freedom comes from a belief that predicts Red China’s sudden downfall similar to fall of the Evil Empire identified as Babylon in Revelation, Chapter 18.
On behalf of Special Frontier Force, Establishment 22, I host the Living Tibetan Spirits. These are Spirits of young Tibetan soldiers who lost their lives with the hope for Freedom in Tibet. We have not given up on our hope.
At Special Frontier Force, the concern is not about scoring a military victory. Occupation of Tibet is unjust, is illegal, and we stand opposed to it and resist as best as possible. Victory in War is not always decided by relative strengths of parties involved. Red China’s act of aggression is Evil and hence Red China is destined to fail.
Hope for Tibet’s Freedom comes from a belief that predicts Red China’s sudden downfall similar to fall of the Evil Empire identified as Babylon in Revelation, Chapter 18.
Hope for Tibet’s Freedom comes from a belief that predicts Red China’s sudden downfall similar to fall of the Evil Empire identified as Babylon in Revelation, Chapter 18.TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM – THIS CIA – TRAINED TIBETAN FREEDOM FIGHTER SHARED A PHOTO TAKEN BY UNKNOWN CHINESE SPY WITH JOURNALIST NOLAN PETERSON, THE DAILY SIGNAL. BOTH OF THEM HAVE TO ACCOUNT FOR THE POSSESSION OF THAT PHOTO.
I am pleased to share a story published by Nolan Peterson, foreign correspondent of The Daily Signal. Hopefully, media will give attention to the foul game played by Nixon-Kissinger during 1970-72. Special Frontier Force/Establishment 22 initiated Liberation of Bangladesh with military action in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in response to Genocide in East Pakistan. India’s Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi met US President Richard M Nixon in Washington DC on November 03/04, 1971 to enlist his support for India’s military intervention in East Pakistan. President Nixon announced his plan to visit Communist China on July 15, 1971. I call it as “Black Day to Freedom” and characterize Nixon as Backstabber of Tibet. I have known Richard M Nixon and his association with Tibetan Freedom Movement during the years he served as US Vice President during the presidency of Dwight David Eisenhower. Later, President Nixon denied support to India and Tibet for he needed help of General Yahya Khan, Pakistan’s military dictator to befriend Chairman Mao Zedong of Communist China who was known for his crimes against humanity including killing of millions of innocent civilians during infamous Cultural Revolution. I may not agree with Nolan Peterson’s analysis of events, but it doesn’t really matter. The only thing that matters to me is that of hosting undying hope for Freedom in Tibet.
Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment
A CIA-Trained Tibetan Freedom Fighter’s Undying Hope for Freedom
TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. TSERING TUNDUK OF SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE. ESTABLISHMENT 22. HE AND PETERSON HAVE TO EXPLAIN THEIR CONNECTION TO CHINA.
Tsering Tunduk fled Tibet in 1959 after Chinese soldiers executed his parents. (Photo: Nolan Peterson/The Daily Signal)
PANGONG LAKE, India—At dawn, the old man stood outside his home on the Indian side of Pangong Lake, thumbing his prayer beads and chanting, “Om mani padme hum.” The sun was rising from behind a wall of Himalayan peaks on the opposite shore, which was Tibet.
The old man’s face, which had been darkly tanned by a lifetime in the high-altitude sun, was as carved and as wrinkled as the Himalayas. His mouth moved almost imperceptibly as he chanted his mantra and stared across the burning blue water toward his homeland, from which he has been exiled for more than half a century.
The old man, whose name is Tsering Tunduk, fled Tibet in 1959 with his little sister, Khunda, after Chinese soldiers executed their parents. It was the same year the Dalai Lama escaped Chinese artillery in the Tibetan capital of Lhasa to seek exile in India.
Orphaned and alone, Tunduk and his sister joined a group of refugees for a treacherous two-month-long journey across the Himalayas into India. Along the way they faced hypothermia and frostbite, a lack of food, and persistent attacks by Chinese troops. Once they arrived in India, the two children began the hard life of refugees.
Ten years later, after he had completed his studies in Mussoorie in 1969, Tunduk volunteered for a secretive all-Tibetan unit in the Indian army called Establishment 22, which the U.S. CIA helped stand up and train when China attacked India in the 1962 Sino-Indian War. Tunduk went through six months of basic training, which included jump training taught by CIA instructors, whom Tunduk remembered as “blond and tall.”
As a new recruit Tunduk made only 80 rupees a month (when he retired in 1996 he made 1,300 rupees a month, about $20), but life in the military offered Tunduk an opportunity more valuable to him than money.
TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. PANGONG LAKE NEAR INDIA – TIBET BORDER. Photo. Nolan Peterson. The Daily Signal. CIA – TRAINED TIBETAN FREEDOM FIGHTER IS NOT DEFENDING INDIA-TIBET BORDER.
Pangong Lake, which is 83 miles long, forms part of the border between India and Tibet. (Photo: Nolan Peterson/The Daily Signal)
“China killed my parents, and I wanted revenge,” Tunduk, who is now 70 years old, said during an interview from his home on Pangong Lake. He spoke in halting, accented English as he peeled potatoes in preparation for dinner. A CD playing the Buddhist, “Om mani padme hum,” mantra set to music was on an endless loop in the background. A shrine to the Dalai Lama, draped in a Khata scarf and with offerings of fruit laid out before it, was on a shelf over the table.
“I would have fought them with a knife at that time,” Tunduk added, not looking up. “I wanted to kill them all.”
Even now, at 70, Tunduk says that when he closes his eyes to sleep at night, he is haunted by images of his dead parents. As he describes their murder, Tunduk’s face muscles relax. His usual smile is replaced by something cold and expressionless. His mind is back in a time and place that no words, not even from one’s native tongue, have the power to faithfully recreate.
Tunduk grew up in an area called Nangchen, in the Kham region of Tibet. “They went through my village to get to Lhasa,” he said.
Tunduk’s father was the village boss, he explained, and when the Chinese soldiers took over, they hauled his father and mother into the town square where the soldiers had gathered all the villagers for the Thamzing, or “struggle session”—a public spectacle used to humiliate, torture, or execute Tibetans who oppose Chinese rule.
The Chinese soldiers tied Tunduk’s father’s arms and legs behind his back, beat him, and then shot him in the head. Next, they painted a target in charcoal on Tunduk’s mother’s chest, suspended her by her arms from two wood poles, and used her for target practice, pumping her body with bullets long after she was dead.
The Chinese soldiers made Tunduk and his sister watch. “I cried, and my sister cried,” he said. “There was nothing left to do but cry.” Tunduk remembers looking into the faces of the Chinese soldiers and seeing nothing—neither pleasure nor pain. It was as if they had no emotions, he said.
A SECRET WAR
After China invaded Tibet in 1950, a grassroots resistance movement sprang up across the Himalayan kingdom. By 1956, tens of thousands of Tibetans were fighting an insurgency against Communist China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA). These bands of guerrilla warriors, mainly comprising Tibetans from the eastern Kham region (known for its fierce warriors and bandits), coalesced into a resistance army called the Chushi-Gangdruk, which Tibetan resistance leader Gompo Tashi headed. The Chushi-Gangdruk (which translates to “Four Rivers, Six Ranges,” signifying unity among all the regions of Tibet) played a key role in the Dalai Lama’s escape from Tibet in 1959. The resistance army also provided armed escorts for the tens of thousands of refugees who followed in the exiled leader’s footsteps to seek sanctuary in India and Nepal.
The Chushi-Gangdruk fought the modern, mechanized Chinese army on horseback, wielding swords and World War I-era weapons such as British .303 Lee-Enfield rifles. Their fighting spirit and tactical successes eventually spurred the CIA to begin an operation in 1957 to airdrop supplies and train hand-picked fighters as paratroopers at secret bases in Saipan; Camp Hale, Colorado; and Camp Peary, Virginia—at a CIA training facility also called the “farm.” The Tibetans’ training was eclectic, including espionage tradecraft, paramilitary and small unit combat tactics, and Morse code and radio communication. The CIA operation to train and assist Tibetan fighters was code-named ST CIRCUS, and the over flights and airdrop missions were named ST BARNUM.
Over the span of the CIA’s secret war in Tibet, which lasted until 1972, Tibetan agents were dropped into Tibet from aircraft ranging from World War II B-17s, which were painted all black, to C-130s from secret bases in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). At first the CIA used East European pilots whom the CIA had previously recruited to drop anti-Soviet operatives into Ukraine. The idea was that the East European pilots would give the U.S. plausible deniability of its involvement if an aircraft went down. Later flights, however, used Air America aircrews and U.S. Forest Service smokejumpers the CIA recruited as jumpmasters and loadmasters. Special U-2 spy plane flights were also ordered to provide more intelligence about the geography of inner Tibet, much of which was still uncharted in the 1960s.
The CIA’s Tibetan operation ultimately failed to make a large-scale impact on the Chinese occupation, and many of the CIA-trained Tibetan fighters were killed in combat or captured. But the operation scored a few key tactical victories and raised the morale of exiled Tibetans. It did create an awkward situation for the Dalai Lama, however, who owed his life to the Chushi-Gangdruk warriors but was also trying to court the favor of the Indian government to secure a home for his exiled nation—backing a secret CIA war in Chinese-occupied Tibet was not in India’s interest at the time.
The CIA continued training Tibetan freedom fighters in Colorado until 1964. And support for Tibetan guerrillas based in the Mustang region of Nepal continued until President Richard Nixon’s normalization of relations with China in 1972. Yet after CIA support dried up, approximately 10,000 Tibetan guerrilla fighters continued serving in Establishment 22.
TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE. ESTABLISHMENT NO. 22 Photo (Possibly taken by unknown Chinese Spy.) Shared by Nolan Peterson. The Daily Signal. BOTH TSERING AND PETERSON HAVE TO ACCOUNT FOR THIS PHOTO. WHICH OF THESE TWO IS CONNECTED WITH CHINESE INTELLIGENCE???
Tunduk, third from left, during jump training with the Indian army. (Photo: Shared by Nolan Peterson/The Daily Signal)
In 1962, the CIA’s Tibet operation was in limbo. The Kennedy administration questioned the utility of the mission due to the botched Bay of Pigs invasion and a budding rapprochement with India—Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was reluctant to support Tibet in a way that might antagonize China. The Dalai Lama’s presence in India and the CIA’s recruitment of Tibetan fighters from refugee communities made the CIA’s mission in Tibet a political liability for India’s fragile relations with Beijing.
But the political calculus for both the U.S. and India changed on Oct. 22, 1962, when China attacked India along the Himalayan frontier. India scrambled to mount a military response as 25,000 PLA troops invaded over the Thang La Ridge. Nehru’s longstanding efforts to downplay the Tibetan situation to appease Beijing were exposed as misleading, and he faced scathing criticism at home. Humiliated, Nehru turned to the U.S. to help stand up an all-Tibetan guerrilla warfare unit, tapping into the CIA’s existing recruiting and training networks for the Chushi-Gangdruk mission.
The original purpose of Establishment 22 was to use Tibetans’ fighting prowess and genetic ability to physically perform at high altitude to wage a guerrilla war against China in the Himalayas. Initially, the CIA provided much of the unit’s weapons and training. But the 1962 Sino-Indian War cooled before the Tibetan unit could be trained and fielded. India, however, recognized the combat potential of the unit and kept it active. The unit deployed to combat for the first time in East Pakistan (in hot and humid lowland conditions) in 1971 as part of Operation EAGLE, and later faced Pakistani troops in the Himalayas. Establishment 22, however, never officially faced Chinese soldiers in combat.
The use of Tibetans in operations against Pakistan was controversial among the Tibetan exile community. But the government in exile in Dharamsala ultimately supported the move out of deference to their Indian hosts. The U.S. opposed Establishment 22’s operations against Pakistan. But in 1975 the CIA rekindled its support for the Tibetan unit, sending two airborne advisers to train the Tibetans in high-altitude parachute jumps, using drop zones in Ladakh. India later tagged Establishment 22 for counterterrorism operations. Based in Chakrata, Uttarakhand, the unit continues to serve along India’s Himalayan border as part of the Special Frontier Force.
ENEMIES
Many young Tibetan men joined the Indian military due to both the promise of exacting revenge on China and a lack of better career alternatives. When Tunduk arrived in India, he was a 14-year-old orphan unable to communicate by means other than hand signals. “When we fled to India across the mountains we had problems with cold and food, and the Chinese were shooting at us,” he said. “And when we arrived, we had a big language problem.”
Once in India, Tunduk finished school and studied languages—he can now speak eight, he says, including English. Following graduation, however, Tunduk found that his status as a refugee afforded him few appealing career options. India conscripted many Tibetan refugees into road construction and repair teams for India’s Himalayan highways. That life didn’t appeal to Tunduk. And there was something else: he couldn’t shake his hatred for China.
“Army life was a very crazy life, but it was my best option,” he said. “I had no hope at that time to do anything else. No hope, and no aim. I faced a lot of problems, and I was affected by what happened to my parents. It made me angry. The truth is I joined the army to have revenge.” “The army gave me a good life,” he added. “But I was always fighting for Tibet, not for India.”
Tunduk first saw combat in East Pakistan in 1971, and he fought in the 1986 battle on Siachen Glacier against Pakistani troops, in which 17 Tibetans died. “Sometimes I became frustrated when I had to fight in other wars,” Tunduk said. “Our aim was to fight with China. Pakistan is not my enemy. China killed my parents and captured my country. China is my enemy.”
HOPE
Tunduk lives at an isolated collection of stone huts and seasonal tents called Man on the Indian shore of Pangong Lake, a thin 83-mile-long lake at an altitude of 13,940 feet, which forms part of the border between India and China in the Ladakhi Himalayas. Only nine families permanently inhabit Man, and Tunduk is the only Tibetan among them. The lake, which is about three miles across at its widest point, is the highest saltwater lake in the world. It is the epitome of a Tibetan landscape. “After 27 years in the army, I came here because it reminds me of Tibet,” Tunduk said.
It is a long, difficult journey to Pangong Lake from the Ladhaki capital of Leh. The road is sometimes almost indiscernible as it cuts across steep mountain faces and down arid, high-altitude valleys. This road, like many in Ladakh, was constructed and maintained by Tibetan refugees pressed into construction gangs by the Indian government in the 1960s. Even today, small troupes of Tibetan road workers, comprising both men and women, are constantly at work in some of the harshest conditions imaginable. They keep India’s Himalayan roads clear, removing large rocks deposited by landslides or filling in potholes. All by hand. They live in small encampments made from old parachutes, located on what little flat ground there is. There are no trees for shade, and there is no water except for a trickle of snowmelt. Living their lives above 15,000 feet, they endure a lonely and miserable existence.
The road to Pangong Lake crosses the Chang La pass, which tops out at 17,688 feet, roughly the same height as Mt. Everest base camp in Nepal. There is an Indian army camp here, where soldiers deployed to the Himalayan border with China are sent to acclimate to the altitude. Past Chang La there are a few scattered settlements, but the Indian army constitutes most of the human footprint in this part of the Himalayas, underscoring lingering tensions with China about territorial rights in this barren, rugged territory, which date back to the 1962 Sino-Indian War. After hours of weaving up and down mountain passes and endless switchbacks, the road enters a long valley and rounds the base of a mountain, where the ridgelines ahead seem to peel apart like curtains, revealing Pangong Lake.
TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE. ESTABLISHMENT 22, LEH, LADHAK, INDIA. ROAD TO PANGONG LAKE. Photo. Nolan Peterson. The Daily Signal.
The road to Pangong Lake from the Ladhaki capital of Leh. (Photo: Nolan Peterson/The Daily Signal)
The lake is complete, abandoned isolation. The water is a collage of deep blue and aquamarine, contrasting sharply with the earthen oranges, browns, and reds of the surrounding mountains. All the colors, made more brilliant and crisp by the thin air, seem to swirl together; it’s like looking at a Monet painting up close. Distances seem to disappear across the massive landscape due to the increased definition of light at high altitude.
The sun’s radiation is pulsing and hot, but noticed only when the nearly constant wind settles for a brief and rare moment. The only hints of humanity are several small settlements of seasonal tents and primitive homes on the Indian lakeshore.
Tunduk is short but well-built. He stands straight and moves purposefully. His body and features have been hardened by a difficult life, not broken by it. He smiles constantly and speaks excitedly in English. He uses his hands a lot as he talks, placing a hand over his heart to show sincerity and a hand on your shoulder or knee when he addresses you. His clothes are worn and sullied by the hard years of sustaining life in this inhospitable place. Around his neck he wears a necklace with an amulet given to him by the Dalai Lama. He handles the intricately woven design like a priceless work of art. “The Dalai Lama is my God and my king,” he said.
Tunduk used to graze cows, but the extended periods spent in the harsh climate around Pangong Lake became too demanding as he grew older. In the winter, when the temperatures sometimes drop to -40 Celsius, his cheeks and the tip of his nose would turn black from frostbite, he said. Now Tunduk sticks with growing barley and black peas—the same crops that his parents grew in Tibet when he was a boy.
“It’s a very hard life here,” he said. “We live like nomads, as my parents did.” He stockpiles food, fuel, and other supplies for the winter in case snow closes the roads and he is cut off. The roof of his home is covered with firewood and dried saucers of yak and cow dung. The walls inside are lined with bags of rice and other foodstuff. And above the dinner table is a shrine to the Dalai Lama.
Only about two miles of water separate Tunduk’s home from Tibet. Tantalizingly close, but Tunduk has not set foot in his homeland since 1959. And as he grows older he admits the chances of him ever returning home are fading. Yet he has not given up hope. “I’m still waiting for freedom,” he said. “And when Tibet is free one day, I will walk back home from here. I will try my best.”
Different Techniques
Tunduk married his wife, Ganyen Tsultime, on Dec. 10, 1989—the same day the Dalai Lama received the Nobel Peace Prize. “We met too late to have children,” Tunduk said. His younger sister, Khunda now lives in Simla, India, and has a daughter who is a nurse in California.
TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE, ESTABLISHMENT 22 TSERING TUNDUK. Photo. Nolan Peterson. The Daily Signal. I HAVE REASONS TO DOUBT THIS MAN’S LOYALTY TO SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AND ITS MISSION.
Tsering Tunduk outside his home on the Indian side of Pangong Lake. (Photo: Nolan Peterson/The Daily Signal)
Tunduk and his wife spend nights in the sanctuary of their home. They sleep, eat, and pass time in the main room, which is heated by a stove that burns a combination of wood and yak dung. As the roof timbers creak in the Himalayan wind, Tunduk plays cards with a neighbor. There is a TV, and it is tuned to Indian news. Despite his isolation, Tunduk uses television to stay apprised of what’s happening in the world, and he is well versed in foreign affairs. He compares the current plight of Syrian refugees with that of Tibetans.
“I see a lot of countries with problems today; Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Ukraine,” he said. “I see these things, and I know what these people are going through. We had our dark times, too. Where there is a war, there is a sad story. Orphans and casualties—it’s always the same.”
Tunduk, who is devoutly Buddhist, believes that he is a sinner because of what he did as a soldier. He killed in combat and is deeply ashamed of it. To atone for the sins he believes he has committed, Tunduk has resolved to live life according to the teachings of the Dalai Lama.
“My medicine is to be kind, to make others happy,” Tunduk said as he sat outside his home, sipping on butter tea on a cloudless morning. The sun was bright and strong and still low over the Tibetan mountains on the opposite side of the lake.
“We are all the same in our hearts,” he went on, looking toward Tibet. “We want to be happy and to not suffer. We all believe in the same God (In my analysis, no Tibetan Buddhist expresses his religious belief using the term God); we just have different techniques.”
Nolan Peterson, a former special operations pilot and a combat veteran of Iraq and Afghanistan, is The Daily Signal’s foreign correspondent based in Ukraine.
Related
Hope for Tibet’s Freedom comes from a belief that predicts Red China’s sudden downfall similar to fall of the Evil Empire identified as Babylon in Revelation, Chapter 18.
Tibet: The Forgotten Refugee Crisis
TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE. ESTABLISHMENT 22 THERE IS NO CONTROVERSY. TIBETAN EXILE PARTICIPATION IN OPERATION EAGLE 1971 WAS ON A VOLUNTARY BASIS, AND TIBETAN COMMUNITY FULLY SUPPORTED THIS OPERATIONAL TASK. THIS PHOTO WAS TAKEN BY A CHINESE SPY.On bhavanajagat.comTIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. US PRESIDENT RICHARD M NIXON HAS TO BE KNOWN AS BACKSTABBER OF TIBET. THE HOPE FOR TIBET’S FREEDOM IS STLL ALIVE.TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. US PRESIDENT RICHARD M NIXON IS TO BE KNOWN AS BACKSTABBER OF TIBET. THE HOPE FOR TIBET’S FREEDOM IS STILL ALIVE.TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. US PRESIDENT RICHARD M NIXON PURPOSEFULLY, DELIBERATELY IGNORED THE PROBLEM OF GENOCIDE IN EAST PAKISTAN.TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. US PRESIDENT RICHARD NIXON PURPOSEFULLY IGNORED GENOCIDE IN EAST PAKISTAN AND BEFRIENDED PAKISTAN’S MILITARY DICTATOR, A BUTCHER OF HIS OWN PEOPLE.TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. DR HENRY KISSINGER(HE WAS NOT US SECRETARY OF STATE AND MADE ILLEGAL CONTACT WITH A FOREIGN HEAD OF STATE TO FORMULATE US FOREIGN POLICY) WITH GENERAL YAHYA KHAN, PAKISTAN’S MILITARY DICTATOR WHO WAS GUILTY OF GENOCIDE. BLACK DAY TO FREEDOM.TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. A BLACK DAY TO FREEDOM. Original caption: Washington, DC.: President Nixon meets with General Agha Yahya Khan, President of Pakistan, at the White House. Khan was among six heads of state to call on Nixon following his banquet 10/24, to mark the 25th anniversary of the United Nations. October 25, 1970 Washington, DC, USATIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. ON NOVEMBER 03, 1971, US PRESIDENT RICHARD M NIXON REFUSES TO CONSIDER INDIA’S PLEA FOR ASSISTANCE TO RESPOND TO HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN EAST PAKISTAN.TIBET CONSCIOUSNESS – UNDYING HOPE FOR FREEDOM. ON NOVEMBER 03, 1971 US PRESIDENT RICHARD NIXON DECLINED TO INTERVENE IN EAST PAKISTAN TO STOP GENOCIDE.
Karma in Action – Beijing Will Taste The Fruits of Her Own Actions
As per my Theory of Karma, the Biblical prophecy of Isaiah will come true. In my analysis, Beijing’s Doom is inevitable. Beijing cannot ward off the ruin, the disaster, the calamity, the catastrophe that shall come upon her as she reaps the fruits of her own evil actions.
As per my Theory of Karma, the Biblical prophecy of Isaiah will come true. In my analysis, Beijing’s Doom is inevitable. Beijing cannot ward off the ruin, the disaster, the calamity, the catastrophe that shall come upon her as she reaps the fruits of her own evil actions.
As per my Theory of Karma, the Biblical prophecy of Isaiah will come true. In my analysis, Beijing’s Doom is inevitable. Beijing cannot ward off the ruin, the disaster, the calamity, the catastrophe that shall come upon her as she reaps the fruits of her own evil actions.
Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Doom Dooma Doomsayer
As per my Theory of Karma, the Biblical prophecy of Isaiah will come true. In my analysis, Beijing’s Doom is inevitable. Beijing cannot ward off the ruin, the disaster, the calamity, the catastrophe that shall come upon her as she reaps the fruits of her own evil actions.
The Sydney Morning Herald
Tibet gets a warmer reception as the world wakes to Beijing’s methods
By Peter Hartcher
11 December 2018 — 12:05am
The leader of Tibet’s government-in-exile has been telling his story about Bob Carr around the world for years and always gets a laugh. Last week he recounted it during a visit to Parliament House in Canberra.
Ever since the Dalai Lama split his job into two some years ago, remaining spiritual leader of the Tibetans in exile and handing over the political leadership to be elected from among the free Tibetans, Lobsang Sangay has been their President.
As per my Theory of Karma, the Biblical prophecy of Isaiah will come true. In my analysis, Beijing’s Doom is inevitable. Beijing cannot ward off the ruin, the disaster, the calamity, the catastrophe that shall come upon her as she reaps the fruits of her own evil actions.
Lobsang Sangay, President of the Tibetan government-in-exile, right, smiles as he listens to the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, India. Credit: AP
In 2013 Sangay visited Canberra and a reporter asked him whether Carr, Australia’s then foreign affairs minister, would be meeting him. It’s always a delicate matter.
A government that meets the Dalai Lama or Sangay risks the wrath of the Chinese Communist Party, which has claimed to be the sole representative of the Tibetan people ever since its army invaded Tibet in 1950.
“I said I’d love to, but I haven’t asked for a meeting”, not wanting to put Carr in a difficult position, he recalled last week. “I’m sure that, given the choice, Bob Carr would like to meet because that’s the Buddhist culture – we like to believe people are good.”
Later in his visit, the Tibetan leader was riding the lift from Parliament’s subterranean carpark into the building when the lift stopped. “The doors open and Bob Carr walks in,” the Harvard-educated legal scholar tells me. The Labor backbencher Michael Danby, Sangay’s escort for the visit, introduced the two men in the lift: “I had to decide at that moment whether to extend my hand or not. The Tibetan way is to not cause inconvenience, so I nodded and smiled. He kind of nodded – a little bit – then walked past.
“I like to say that we didn’t have a formal meeting but we had a karmic meeting. No matter how powerful the Chinese government may be, it can’t prevent the foreign minister of Australia from meeting me.”
As per my Theory of Karma, the Biblical prophecy of Isaiah will come true. In my analysis, Beijing’s Doom is inevitable. Beijing cannot ward off the ruin, the disaster, the calamity, the catastrophe that shall come upon her as she reaps the fruits of her own evil actions.
Illustration: Dionne Gain Credit:
Perhaps, but the Chinese Communist Party has certainly managed to hold things up successfully. Paul Keating as prime minister met the Dalai Lama in 1992. John Howard as prime minister met him in 1996 and 2007.
The last time that any Australian prime minister or government minister met either leader of the Tibetan government-in-exile was when Peter Garrett, then School’s education minister in the Gillard government, met the Dalai Lama in private in his hotel room in 2011. Karmic meetings with Carr aside.
Carr is now a cheerleader for the Beijing government as head of the Australia-China Relations Institute.
As per my Theory of Karma, the Biblical prophecy of Isaiah will come true. In my analysis, Beijing’s Doom is inevitable. Beijing cannot ward off the ruin, the disaster, the calamity, the catastrophe that shall come upon her as she reaps the fruits of her own evil actions.
Illustration: Andrew Dyson Credit:
So, for seven years Australian governments, Labor and Liberal, comprehensively shunned the Tibetans, an indicator of the rising power of the Chinese government to intimidate Australia.
Until last week. A minister in the Morrison government, Ken Wyatt, Minister for Aged Care and Minister for Indigenous Health, met Sangay in Parliament House. Not in a lift or in secret or hidden away in a hotel room but during a public ceremony in the main committee room.
“Minister Wyatt is not just principled and brave” for meeting the President of the free Tibetans, “but also a genuinely nice human being”, Sangay tells me after the meeting. “Normally people will meet you when they’re not in government and then when they are in government they say, ‘Understand that I’m in a difficult position’.”
Partly this was a personal commitment from Wyatt to the Tibetan cause. Wyatt, the first Indigenous minister in an Australian federal government, spoke at the ceremony last week of the “parallels between indigenous Australians and the Tibetans”.
But it’s also a marker of Australian relations with the Tibetans in exile and a marker in Australian relations with Beijing. Kyinzom Dhongdue is a member of the Tibetan parliament in exile, representing Tibetans in Australasia and East Asia, and she observes: “Even in the last year or so there’s a more balanced view of China not just as a trading partner but China is being seen as a threat, so Tibetan worries and experience are feeling more relevant. This year I’ve found it easier to get meetings – people are more interested in what we have to say.”
And it wasn’t just Wyatt at the ceremony with Sangay in Parliament House. There were 23 MPs and senators in total including Labor’s Michael Danby and Lisa Singh, Liberals Warren Entsch, Kevin Andrews, Concetta Fierravanti-Wells and Jason Falinski, Greens leader Richard Di Natale, Nationals MP George Christensen, Centre Alliance senator Rex Patrick plus Derryn Hinch, as well as former Labor foreign affairs minister Gareth Evans, now chancellor of ANU.
And how is the Tibetan experience more relevant today? The emerging stories of the shocking mass repression of another of China’s ethnic and religious minorities, the Uighur people of China’s Xinjiang Province, “means that it’s more than about one example”, says Sangay.
As per my Theory of Karma, the Biblical prophecy of Isaiah will come true. In my analysis, Beijing’s Doom is inevitable. Beijing cannot ward off the ruin, the disaster, the calamity, the catastrophe that shall come upon her as she reaps the fruits of her own evil actions.
Uighur residents in Australia holding up photos of relatives who are missing, in internment camps or have passed away. Credit: Alex Ellinghausen
“Now we have a million people in detention in Xinjiang” in what Beijing calls re-education camps. Uighur leader Rebiya Kadeer calls them “concentration camps” where Uighurs, including young children, are imprisoned without due process and held indefinitely.
And then there’s Beijing’s enormous One Belt, One Road international infrastructure program. “We lost our country because of one road,” says Sangay. “First the road came, then the trucks came, then the guns came, then the tanks came. It’s the exact blueprint” for domination now on offer to scores of countries under Belt and Road, he says.
Finally, there’s the experience of what Sangay calls “elite co-option”. “We have seen this for 60 years and now you see it around the world in one country after another”, and he has a litany of examples. Money, contracts, government access, favors are on offer in return for loyalty to Beijing and its agents.
If Tibet’s long-suffering under Chinese Communist Party repression is more relevant to the wider world, the wider world is also waking up to Beijing’s wide-ranging influence programs. The West’s gathering determination to exclude China’s telecoms gear manufacturer Huawei is an example. And Australia’s laws against foreign interference are another.
Those laws took effect on Monday. Anyone in Australia acting as an agent of a foreign power must register with the federal government. If suspected foreign agents fail to register, they can be issued a notice to show cause why they shouldn’t be considered to be working on behalf of a foreign power.
Do more karmic encounters lie ahead?
As per my Theory of Karma, the Biblical prophecy of Isaiah will come true. In my analysis, Beijing’s Doom is inevitable. Beijing cannot ward off the ruin, the disaster, the calamity, the catastrophe that shall come upon her as she reaps the fruits of her own evil actions.
Peter Hartcher is the political editor and international editor of The Sydney Morning Herald. He is a Gold Walkley award winner, a former foreign correspondent in Tokyo and Washington, and a visiting fellow at the Lowy Institute for International Policy.
As per my Theory of Karma, the Biblical prophecy of Isaiah will come true. In my analysis, Beijing’s Doom is inevitable. Beijing cannot ward off the ruin, the disaster, the calamity, the catastrophe that shall come upon her as she reaps the fruits of her own evil actions.
Time to Trust All-Powerful God – The Fall of Evil Red Empire
For I trust in All-powerful God, I can expect ‘The Fall of Evil Red Empire’ as per the prophecy shared by Isaiah, Chapter 47, and Revelation, Chapter 18.
US President Donald Trump and China’s President Xi Jinping could be among the ‘Most-Powerful’ men in the world. However, I will not recognize any mortal human being as “All-Powerful.”
For I trust in All-powerful God, I can expect ‘The Fall of Evil Red Empire’ as per the prophecy shared by Isaiah, Chapter 47, and Revelation, Chapter 18.
For I trust in All-powerful God, I can expect ‘The Fall of Evil Red Empire’ as per the prophecy shared by Isaiah, Chapter 47, and Revelation, Chapter 18.
Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Doom Dooma Doomsayer
For I trust in All-powerful God, I can expect ‘The Fall of Evil Red Empire’ as per the prophecy shared by Isaiah, Chapter 47, and Revelation, Chapter 18.
TIME FOR TRUMP TO TEST THE ALL-POWERFUL XI JINPING
By Henry M. Paulson Jr., – OPINION, THE WASHINGTON POST
For I trust in All-powerful God, I can expect ‘The Fall of Evil Red Empire’ as per the prophecy shared by Isaiah, Chapter 47, and Revelation, Chapter 18.
President Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping. (Alex Brandon/Associated Press)
Henry M. Paulson Jr., treasury secretary from 2006 to 2009, is chairman of the Paulson Institute and author of “Dealing With China: An Insider Unmasks the New Economic Superpower.”
Many have crowned Chinese President Xi Jinping the most powerful man in the world following the 19th Chinese National Congress of the Communist Party. And, indeed, Xi is a dynamic leader who is transforming China. He has swiftly consolidated his authority to drive an ambitious domestic and international effort to establish China as a modern superpower.
Our preoccupation with Xi’s grand ambitions, however, has led us to neglect the scope of the challenges he and his country face. Simply put, ambition and power are not a substitute for deep and enduring reform, and a leader is only as powerful as the country he leads. As Xi knows all too well, China has serious and growing vulnerabilities. When President Trump visits China next week, he may well find he can leverage these emerging dynamics to advance U.S. interests.
In recent years, Xi has moved to address these challenges with a bold strategy aimed at consolidating the tools he needs to govern. Although he has crafted ambitious economic reform policies, he could not assure that they were implemented on a consistent basis in the provinces. And some of his most important and difficult goals have not been attempted.
During his first term, Xi tightened and made sweeping reforms to the Chinese legal system; took control of, cleaned out and started professionalizing the military; and restructured, centralized and, through an anti-corruption campaign, moved to shore up the domestic credibility of the Communist Party as the country’s primary means of governance.
As the party and the central government take power from the provinces, he has begun strengthening the Beijing bureaucracy’s capacity to manage a nation of 1.4 billion people. At the same time, he has neutralized his opposition and positioned trusted advisers to help implement his agenda.
Thus, Xi enters his second term better able to govern, but serious challenges stand in his way. He faces four major economic risks: overreliance on debt to finance growth; a failing state-owned sector; excess capacity across a range of industries, particularly steel; and the real prospect that markets will be closed to China in the United States and elsewhere if the country does not move more quickly to open its economy to foreign competition.
Xi must address China’s unsustainable accumulation of sub-national debt — much of it created by hundreds of thousands of failed firms kept alive by the state to preserve jobs. China won’t be able to grow out of its debt problem.
If China is to avoid a hard landing, it will need to stem the flow of credit and accept slower growth. The government has indicated its intention to do that, but it will require significant political will. Importantly, it must subject failing firms to the discipline of the marketplace. The longer China waits to deal with these problems the riskier and costlier it will get.
Xi will be increasingly pressed by the United States and other major economies to demonstrate that his government intends to uphold its pledge to lift restrictions blocking foreign competition. And he drags his feet at his own peril because the United States and others are reexamining their open-door policies and demanding greater reciprocity in China. This new attitude will put pressure on China just as Xi most needs the world’s export and investment markets. But competition from the private sector is ultimately the best way for him to address the inefficiencies with China’s state-owned enterprises and its massive overcapacity in steel, which, when exported, will increasingly lead to trade disputes.
Xi, however, seems undaunted and remains confident he can manage all the challenges in front of him. Trump and Xi have developed a good personal relationship. Xi’s new consolidation of power — and ability to use it now to get difficult things done — means Trump may have a greater opportunity on his trip to achieve breakthroughs in the security and economic arenas.
Progress on the most important economic issues has potential to build the mutual trust that would make it easier to achieve what is by far our top priority: a denuclearized Korean Peninsula. But no nation should trade away its vital interests; North Korean and economic negotiations should proceed at their own pace.
Trump should be strategic and forceful in defense of America’s industries of the future. It is essential that he fight to open markets and achieve a level playing field in sectors where the United States is most competitive — technology, financial services, the Internet, agribusiness, health care, environmental goods and services, autos, and movies. This has the potential to benefit both countries, particularly in the financial services, where China’s underdeveloped financial markets would clearly benefit from some world-class participants.
The United States should also focus on expanding our economic relationship with China to include direct investment, which creates U.S. jobs and ties our economies together in enduring and positive ways. Without increased market access, the path we are on could lead to important parts of the global economy being walled off from competition and trade. This risks hurting both the United States and China, which are the biggest beneficiaries of a rules-based economic order.
Xi’s new platform presents risks for the United States in an era in which there will be increasing security and economic competition. But it also has the potential for further collaboration with a leader who now has greater ability to deliver. It has always been as big a risk to overestimate China’s power as it is to underestimate its potential. Now the same could be said of Xi. Trump should test Xi’s new position of power by pressing China hard for movement on U.S. priorities.
For I trust in All-powerful God, I can expect ‘The Fall of Evil Red Empire’ as per the prophecy shared by Isaiah, Chapter 47, and Revelation, Chapter 18.For I trust in All-powerful God, I can expect ‘The Fall of Evil Red Empire’ as per the prophecy shared by Isaiah, Chapter 47, and Revelation, Chapter 18.
Special Frontier Force condemns Nixon-Kissinger Vietnam Treason
The word treason means betrayal of trust or faith, treachery. Nixon-Kissinger deliberately and purposefully violated the allegiance owed to United States of America and its soldiers fighting its enemy in Vietnam. The action called betrayal involves giving aid, help, and comfort to the enemy while one’s own country is actively engaged in fighting the enemy.
On behalf of Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment, I condemn Nixon-Kissinger Vietnam treason. Vietnam War was fought against the ideology of Communism and to resist its spread in Southeast Asia. United States was fighting against Soviet Union and People’s Republic of China which I often describe as The Evil Red Empire, The Red Dragon, or Red China. In Vietnam War, United States acknowledged its adversarial relations with the Communist Powers. Red China was an enemy, adversary, opponent in Vietnam War. Communist China worked in an opposite or contrary direction by encouraging and directly supporting North Vietnam’s hostility. United States utterly failed in Vietnam due to Nixon-Kissinger treason.
The word treason means betrayal of trust or faith, treachery. Nixon-Kissinger deliberately and purposefully violated the allegiance owed to United States of America and its soldiers fighting its enemy in Vietnam. The action called betrayal involves giving aid, help, and comfort to the enemy while one’s own country is actively engaged in fighting the enemy.
I am sharing with my readers an article titled ‘The Paris Peace Accords Were a Deadly Deception’ published by History News Network. The author is Ken Hughes, a leading researcher, Presidential Recording Program at Miller Center, University of Virginia. The Fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975 had decisively ended the Vietnam War leaving people in a state of wretchedness, misfortune, turmoil, trouble, and misery. It was a calamity that was clearly foreseen. Nixon-Kissinger have to shoulder the burden for this adverse outcome. US soldiers paid a very heavy price while Nixon-Kissinger made deals with the enemy without any concern for the Dignity, Honor, and Pride with which the men in uniform serve and defend their country. Ken Hughes has not explored Nixon-Kissinger obsession to befriend the enemy while the country was bleeding on the battlefield.
Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
Special Frontier Force-Establishment 22-Vikas Regiment
History News Network | The Paris “Peace” Accords Were a Deadly Deception
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE CONDEMNS NIXON-KISSINGER VIETNAM TREASON : KEN HUGHES , RESEARCH SPECIALIST, MILLER CENTER, UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA .
Ken Hughes is a research specialist with the University of Virginia’s Miller Center.
“The Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam,” signed January 27, 1973, never looked like it would live up to its name. Four decades later it stands exposed as a deliberate fraud.
The president of South Vietnam, in whose defense more than 50,000 Americans gave their lives, wept upon hearing President Richard Nixon’s proposed settlement terms. Hanoi would release American prisoners of war and agree that the South could choose its government by free elections, but the accords threw the voting process to a commission that could act only by unanimity — all but impossible to achieve among Communists and anti-Communists who’d spent years shooting out their differences. Worse, Nixon would leave North Vietnamese troops occupying and controlling much of the South, while withdrawing all remaining American ground forces.
“It is only an agonizing solution,” said President Nguyen Van Thieu, “and sooner or later the government will crumble.” National Security Adviser Henry A. Kissinger reported Thieu’s response to Nixon on October 6, 1972, adding, “I also think that Thieu is right, that our terms will eventually destroy him.”
Kissinger’s damning admission comes from the single most comprehensive and accurate record of a presidency there’s ever been or likely will be: Nixon’s secret taping system. Voice-activated recorders wired to microphones hidden in the Oval Office and elsewhere clicked on whenever they detected a sound between February 16, 1971, and July 12, 1973, a time when Nixon not only negotiated the Paris “Peace” Accords and withdrew from Vietnam, but became the first American president to visit China and Moscow, signed the first nuclear arms limitation treaty with the Soviet Union, and won the biggest Republican presidential landslide ever in an election that realigned American politics for the rest of the Cold War.
Since Nixon’s secret tapes coincide with his most acclaimed accomplishments, loyalists thought that when finally released they would reveal a foreign policy genius at work, offsetting the sordid image of the unindicted co-conspirator that emerged from the excerpts played in court as criminal evidence during the Watergate trials of the 1970s. They should have known there was a Nixon reason fought to keep his tapes from the American people until his death in 1994. Since then, the government has declassified 2,636 hours.
These tapes expose far worse abuses of power than the special prosecutors ever found. After all, as the saying goes, no one died in Watergate. As commander in chief, however, Nixon sacrificed the lives of American soldiers to further his electoral ends.
I’ve spent more than a decade studying the tapes with the University of Virginia’s Miller Center, but the contrast between the public image Nixon created and the reality he secretly recorded still loosens my jaw.
As schoolchildren are taught, Nixon promised America “peace with honor” via a strategy of “Vietnamization” and negotiation. Vietnamization, he said, would train and equip the South Vietnamese to defend themselves without American troops. He realized it wouldn’t. “South Vietnam probably can never even survive anyway,” the president said on tape. This was no mere passing doubt. On his first full day in office, he’d asked military, diplomatic and intelligence officials how soon the South would be able to handle the Communists on its own. The answer was unanimous: never. The Joint Chiefs, CIA, Pentagon, State Department, and the U.S. military commander in Vietnam, General Creighton W. Abrams, all agreed that Saigon, “even when fully modernized,” would not survive “without U.S. combat support in the form of air, helicopters, artillery, logistics and major ground forces.” (Emphasis added.)
Nixon faced a stark choice: continue sending Americans to fight and die in South Vietnam’s defense for the foreseeable future, or bring the troops home knowing that without them Saigon would ultimately fall. There was no way he could sell either option — endless war or withdrawal followed by defeat — as the “peace with honor” he’d promised. So he lied. “The day the South Vietnamese can take over their own defense is in sight. Our goal is a total American withdrawal from Vietnam. We can and we will reach that goal through our program of Vietnamization,” he said — despite his advisers’ unanimous consensus (which remained classified) and his own private assessment.
To make Vietnamization look successful, he spaced withdrawal out across four years, gradually reducing the number of American soldiers in Vietnam from over 500,000 in January 1969 to less than 50,000 by Election Day 1972. Throughout those four years, he made many nationally televised speeches to announce partial troop withdrawals, claiming each one proved Vietnamization was working. Always he left enough Americans fighting and dying to conceal the fact that Vietnamization never really would work. In this way, the president made slow retreat look like steady progress.
Liberals like Senator George S. McGovern, the South Dakota Democrat, did try to end the war faster. McGovern’s proposal that Congress force Nixon to bring the troops home by the end of 1971 gained the support of more than 60 percent of Americans. History has confirmed the majority’s judgment. A withdrawal deadline was the only way to stop the president from prolonging the war for political purposes. But Nixon was able to kill McGovern’s bill by a simple expedient. He said it would lead to Communist victory. He didn’t mention that his own approach would do the same. The difference was that Nixon’s way would (1) postpone Saigon’s fall until after Election Day, so voters wouldn’t be able to hold him accountable and (2) add another thirteen months of casualties, including 792 American dead.
To be fair, on one occasion Nixon sounded willing to abandon his political timetable in return for the release of American prisoners of war, who routinely endured torture by their North Vietnamese jailers. “If they’ll make that kind of a deal, we’ll make that any time they’re ready,” Nixon said on March 19, 1971, more than a year before the election. “Well, we’ve got to get enough time to get out,” Kissinger said. “We can’t have it knocked over brutally — to put it brutally, before the election.” “That’s right,” Nixon said. The POWs, like American soldiers in Vietnam, had to wait on Nixon’s political timetable before they could come home — the ones who survived long enough to.
Publicly, Nixon insisted that he needed to keep American troops in Vietnam to pressure Hanoi to free the prisoners. Privately, he acknowledged the opposite was true: The North would only release the POWs when he agreed to withdraw all American ground forces. Prolonging the war meant prolonging the POWs’ captivity. A senator once asked how 50,000 soldiers would be enough to persuade Hanoi to free the POWs when 500,000 did not. “Of course, I couldn’t say to him, ‘Look, when we get down to 50,000, then we’ll make a straight-out trade — 50,000 for the prisoner of wars — and they’ll do it in a minute ’cause they want to get our ass out of there.” “That’s right,” Kissinger said. Nixon laughed. “You know? Jesus!” The president claimed it took great political courage to continue waging an unpopular war, but his tapes and declassified documents reveal the cold political calculation underlying his decision to add for more years to the war.
Negotiations, like Vietnamization, served Nixon’s political ends. “We want a decent interval,” Kissinger scribbled in the margin of the briefing book for his secret trip to China in July 1971. “You have our assurance.” For decades Kissinger has denied making a “decent interval” deal, one that would merely put a year or two between Nixon’s final troop withdrawal and Saigon’s final collapse. Kissinger’s denials have collapsed under the weight of his own words caught on Nixon’s tapes and transcribed in memos by NSC aides to document negotiations with foreign leaders. During this initial encounter with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai, Kissinger outlined Nixon’s requirements for a Vietnam settlement. Peace wasn’t one of them. Nixon did need the POWs, total American withdrawal, and a ceasefire for “say eighteen months.” After that, if the Communists overthrew the South Vietnamese government, “we will not intervene.” In other words, Hanoi didn’t have to abandon its plans to conquer the South, just hold off on them for a year or two.
The Soviet Union received the same assurances. During a closed-door session with Nixon during the 1972 MoscowSummit, Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev said, “Dr. Kissinger told me that if there was a peaceful settlement in Vietnam you would be agreeable to the Vietnamese doing whatever they want, having what they want after a period of time, say eighteen months. If that is indeed true, and if the Vietnamese knew this, and it was true, they would be sympathetic on that basis.” This wasn’t just some clever negotiating ploy on Nixon and Kissinger’s part to trick the Communists into making a deal.
They discussed their strategy in the privacy of the Oval Office. “We’ve got to find some formula that holds the thing together a year or two,” Kissinger said on Aug. 3, 1972. “After a year, Mr. President, Vietnam will be a backwater,” and “no one will give a damn.” The “decent interval” served an all-important political purpose. If Saigon fell immediately after Nixon withdrew the last American troops, his failure would have been too obvious. Americans would have seen that he’d added four years to the war and still managed to lose. “Domestically in the long run it won’t help us all that much because our opponents will say we should’ve done it three years ago,” Kissinger said. He was right about that. Few Americans, liberals or conservatives, Democrats or Republicans, would have been willing to send their children to die for a “decent interval.”
Politics dominated the president’s military moves. In his first year in office, the Republican National Committee commissioned a secret poll that identified the most popular way to end the war. Pressing on until victory got just 37 percent support; “agreeing to anything to end the war” was even less popular at 30 percent. But a massive 66 percent favored bombing and blockading the North to make Hanoi agree to a compromise settlement with free elections for the South. Those polled said they would support the bombing and blockade for six months. So on May 8, 1972, exactly six months minus one day before the election, President Nixon went on national television and announced that he would bomb the North and mine its harbors. It’s all in the timing. Nixon claimed the escalation would cut off supplies from the North to its armies in the South. It didn’t. That summer the CIA estimated that Hanoi was still managing to infiltrate 3,000 tons of war material into South Vietnam every day — 300 tons more than was needed. Although the bombing and mining proved to be strategic failures, they were great political successes. Polls showed a large majority approved. No surprise — the strategic failure of the bombing and mining remained classified. When the North accepted Nixon’s settlement terms shortly before Election Day, it looked like Nixon’s military move had brought the enemy to heel. It hadn’t.
Hanoi took Nixon’s deal for the same reason Saigon refused it. Both sides realized it would lead to a Communist takeover of the South — as did Nixon and Kissinger. The president managed to turn losing a war into a winning political issue.
In his last campaign speech, nationally broadcast the night before the election, Nixon urged voters “to have in mind tomorrow one overriding issue, and that is the issue of peace — peace in Vietnam and peace in the world at large for a generation to come.” The president boasted of a negotiating “breakthrough,” which is one thing to call a deal that is a roadmap to victory for the enemy and a death sentence for an ally. “We have agreed that the people of South Vietnam shall have the right to determine their own future without having a Communist government or a coalition government imposed upon them against their will.” He made no mention of the secret assurances he’d given China and the Soviets that the North could impose a Communist government on the South without fear of U.S. intervention as long as it waited a “decent interval” of a year or two. “There are still some details that I am insisting be worked out and nailed down because I want this not to be a temporary peace. I want, and I know you want, it to be a lasting peace.” No matter what anyone wanted, Nixon and Kissinger had been negotiating a temporary peace for more than a year. “By your votes, you can send a message to those with whom we are negotiating, and to the leaders of the world, that you back the president of the United States in his insistence that we in the United States seek peace with honor and never peace with surrender.” That last phrase, “peace with surrender,” was meant as a crack at McGovern, then the Democratic presidential nominee, but it aptly summarizes Nixon’s true strategy.
What is a “decent interval” other than slow, secret surrender? But Americans didn’t know what their president was really doing. On Election Day, Nixon won 60.7 percent of the vote, more than any other Republican president in history. The price of political victory included the lives of more than 20,000 American soldiers who died in the four years it took Nixon to create the illusion of “peace with honor” and conceal the reality of defeat with deceit.
Afterwards, Nixon blamed liberals for the consequences of his actions. While the fall of Saigon was built into his “decent interval” exit strategy, Nixon accused Congress of snatching defeat from the jaws of victory. One line of attack was to blast Congress for cutting foreign aid to Saigon. It’s true lawmakers gave South Vietnam less than Nixon and, later, President Gerald R. Ford requested. But lawmakers could have doubled or tripled aid to Saigon, and it still would have collapsed under Nixon’s settlement terms. As the JCS, Pentagon, CIA, State Department and General Abrams had all pointed out to Nixon shortly after he took office, the South Vietnamese couldn’t handle the Communists without the combat support of major U.S. ground forces. Nixon had withdrawn all American troops under the terms of the Paris Accords. That was Hanoi’s price for freeing American POWs, and Nixon paid it (after he was safely re-elected and could afford to let Saigon fall).
Without U.S. ground forces, Saigon was doomed, even if by some miracle it had received unlimited American aid. Complaining about aid cuts allowed Nixon to evade the truth about his exit strategy. Rather than negotiate a safe exodus for the South Vietnamese who had fought on the American side of the war, he left them to either die in “decent interval” combat or live under Communist rule.
Yes, Congress could have thrown more money at the problem, but Nixon knew that wouldn’t solve it. In No More Vietnams, the ex-president’s 1985 work of revisionist personal history, he castigated Congress for voting on June 29, 1973 (three months after American soldiers and POWs had come home) to ban further American combat in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia: “This defeat stripped me of the authority to enforce the peace agreement in Vietnam — and gave Hanoi’s leaders a free hand against South Vietnam.” While Nixon termed the vote a “defeat” for him, Congress approved the combat ban only in direct response to a message from the president through Ford, then the House Minority Leader, promising Nixon would sign it into law. He didn’t have to. Earlier that same week, the House had sustained Nixon’s veto of a less sweeping bill that would have prohibited U.S. military action in Laos and Cambodia only. The bill’s supporters knew they lacked the votes to overturn a veto. They said so on the House floor. Lawmakers were so incredulous when Ford announced Nixon’s agreement to a combat ban for all of Indochina, including Vietnam, that he had to leave the House floor and telephone the president to confirm that he got the story straight. “I just finished talking with the president himself for approximately ten minutes,” Ford told his colleagues, “and he assured me personally that everything I said on the floor of the House is a commitment by him.” Only then did conservative supporters of Nixon and the war join liberals and moderates in voting to prohibit the use of American military power in Laos, Cambodia or Vietnam. This wasn’t a “defeat” for Nixon, but a smooth legislative maneuver.
As memories faded, Nixon would claim that he coulda woulda shoulda intervened with American airpower to save South Vietnam, if only Congress hadn’t tied his hands. The secret assurances he gave China and the Soviets that he would not intervene remained classified until long after he was dead.
Even today, Nixon’s real Vietnam exit strategy remains virtually unknown to the public, although scholars have been writing about it for years. Jeffrey Kimball has published two landmark works on the subject, Nixon’s Vietnam War and The Vietnam War Files, showing how Nixon engineered his “decent interval.” Even Jeremi Suri, whose Henry Kissinger and the American Century garnered praise from Nixon loyalists as well as critics, wrote, “By 1971 he and Nixon would accept a ‘decent interval’ between U.S. disengagement and a North Vietnamese takeover of the [S]outh.”
(I turned my own research on the subject into educational videos used in classrooms and anywhere else people want to hear Nixon and Kissinger in their own words.) The facts are out. Yet Nixon’s stabbed-in-the-back myth lives on.
When politicians and pundits debate how and when to exit Afghanistan (as they earlier did Iraq) they cite the false history of Nixon’s “success” at training the South Vietnamese to defend their government and at negotiating with warring parties to settle their differences through free elections — two things Nixon never really managed to do. If the Nixon tapes are, in Bob Woodward’s witty phrase, the gift that keeps on giving, his backstabbing myth is the gift that keeps on taking — American lives, America’s fortunes, and the honor of politicians overseeing wars they can’t win and are afraid to end (at least until after they’re re-elected). It’s one more reason Iraq and Afghanistan eclipsed Vietnam as America’s longest wars.
The fortieth anniversary of the fraudulent Paris “Peace” Accords came, by coincidence, in the same month as the hundredth anniversary of Nixon’s birth. It’s high time for us to free our minds and politics from his deadly legacy.
The word treason means betrayal of trust or faith, treachery. Nixon-Kissinger deliberately and purposefully violated the allegiance owed to United States of America and its soldiers fighting its enemy in Vietnam. The action called betrayal involves giving aid, help, and comfort to the enemy while one’s own country is actively engaged in fighting the enemy. The word treason means betrayal of trust or faith, treachery. Nixon-Kissinger deliberately and purposefully violated the allegiance owed to United States of America and its soldiers fighting its enemy in Vietnam. The action called betrayal involves giving aid, help, and comfort to the enemy while one’s own country is actively engaged in fighting the enemy. The word treason means betrayal of trust or faith, treachery. Nixon-Kissinger deliberately and purposefully violated the allegiance owed to United States of America and its soldiers fighting its enemy in Vietnam. The action called betrayal involves giving aid, help, and comfort to the enemy while one’s own country is actively engaged in fighting the enemy. The word treason means betrayal of trust or faith, treachery. Nixon-Kissinger deliberately and purposefully violated the allegiance owed to United States of America and its soldiers fighting its enemy in Vietnam. The action called betrayal involves giving aid, help, and comfort to the enemy while one’s own country is actively engaged in fighting the enemy.
#WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: OCTOBER 19, 1973. THIS ARTICLE ACCORDS A SPECIAL RECOGNITION TO DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER FOR HIS ACTIONS THAT SHAPED US-TIBET RELATIONS FROM 1969 TO 1977.
On behalf of Special Frontier Force (#SpecialFrontierForce), Establishment 22 (#Establishment22), and Vikas Regiment I acknowledge the role of Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger as that of #WholeVillain, WholeVillain, and Whole Villain in the history of the US-Tibet relations. I ask my readers to give special attention to some of the aspects of US-Tibet relations. These are:
1. From 1911 to 1950, for about 39-years, Tibet was an independent, sovereign nation. However, Tibet chose a political policy called ‘Isolationism’ and limited its interactions with foreign powers. Tibet had diplomatic relations with a few of its immediate neighbors like India, Nepal, and China. For Tibet had no formal diplomatic relationships with the United States, their relations always existed under the shadow of US-India relations. It should not be of any surprise for both India, and Tibet face a common external enemy.
2. People’s Republic of China as a national entity came into existence on October 01, 1949 following the Communist October Revolution that seized political power in China after defeating the nationalists or Kuomintang who fled mainland China to establish Republic of China popularly known as Taiwan.
3. The security threat posed by People’s Republic of China is the driving force that still shapes the US-India-Tibet relations. After Communist China’s illegal invasion and military occupation of Tibet since 1950s, the history of the US-India-Tibet relations is shaped entirely with the sole purpose of resisting China’s military occupation of Tibet.
4. During the long course of 66-years, the US-India-Tibet relations are primarily based on the principles on which the United States declared its independence from its rule by Great Britain. In the words used by US President Eisenhower, the US-India-Tibet relations represent a “Crusade for Peace through Freedom” in Occupied Tibet.
5. I am a witness to the history of US-India-Tibet relations on account of my affiliation with a military organization called Special Frontier Force (#SpecialFrontierForce) or Establishment 22 (#Establishment22) or Vikas Regiment. I have no particular need to cite any government documents to support my statements. However, I have to acknowledge the vastly superior intelligence capabilities of People’s Republic of China which gave it a clear insight about the US-India-Tibet relations. China expressed its displeasure by attacking India along its Himalayan Frontier during October-November 1962. The US-India-Tibet relations survived and in this article I give special recognition to diabolic actions of Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger, PhD from 1968 to 1977 with emphasis on his illegal/unconstitutional actions during 1969 to 1972.
#WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: MARCH 17, 2015. THE GREAT HALL OF THE PEOPLE IN PEKING (BEIJING). DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER WITH CHINESE PRESIDENT XI JINPING . I AM ASKING MY READERS TO RECOGNIZE THE FACE OF WHOLE VILLAIN IN THE HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS .#WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: MARCH 17, 2015. THE GREAT HALL OF THE PEOPLE IN PEKING (BEIJING). DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER WITH CHINESE PRESIDENT XI JINPING. I ASK MY READERS TO RECOGNIZE THE FACE OF WHOLE VILLAIN IN THE HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS .
Dr. Henry Kissinger is given due credit for initiating diplomatic relations between the United States and People’s Republic of China. I am asking my readers to recognize the faces of those Chinese leaders and the military dictator of Pakistan whom he befriended. Dr. Kissinger was appointed Assistant National Security Affairs in December 1968 and worked as National Security Adviser from 1969. During the years 1969 to September 1973, Kissinger had no constitutional power or authority to meet or engage foreign leaders and set the direction for the US foreign policy.
#WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: 37TH US PRESIDENT RICHARD M NIXON WITH DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER. TELL ME THE NAMES OF YOUR FRIENDS, I’LL TELL WHO YOU ARE.
“Tell Me The Names of Your Friends, I’ll Tell Who You Are.”
TELL ME THE NAMES OF YOUR FRIENDS, I’LL TELL WHO YOU ARETELL ME THE NAMES OF YOUR FRIENDS, I’LL TELL WHO YOU ARETELL ME THE NAMES OF YOUR FRIENDS, I’LL TELL WHO YOU ARE
Dr Henry Alfred Kissinger PhD who served as National Security Adviser from 1969 to 1975 selected People’s Republic of China’s Communist Party leaders Mao Zedong and Zhou En-Lai to befriend China and to begin trade and commerce relations between these two countries.
#WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: WHO IS DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER PHD? TELL ME THE NAMES OF HIS FRIENDS, I’LL TELL YOU WHO HE IS.#WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: WHO IS DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER PHD? TELL ME THE NAMES OF HIS FRIENDS, I’LL TELL YOU WHO HE IS.
Dr Henry Alfred Kissinger in his book “On China” failed to account for his own diabolic, villainous actions that recklessly undermined history of the US-India-Tibet relations.
#WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: THE STATUE OF LIBERTY SYMBOLIZES THE VALUES THAT GUIDE AND SHAPE THE US FOREIGN POLICY. THE US -TIBET-INDIA RELATIONS AIM AT RESTORING FREEDOM IN OCCUPIED TIBET. THIS RELATIONSHIP WAS ESTABLISHED SOON AFTER COMMUNIST CHINA’S INVASION AND OCCUPATION OF TIBET IN 1950.#WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: I ASK MY READERS TO REFLECT UPON THE VALUES THAT GUIDED THE UNITED STATES TO DECLARE ITS INDEPENDENCE. THE SAME VALUES SHAPED THE US FOREIGN POLICY WHEN IT COUNTERACTED THE THREAT POSED BY COMMUNISM.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: CRUSADE FOR PEACE THROUGH FREEDOM .
The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet:
HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: THE BIRTH OF THE RED DRAGON. OCTOBER 01, 1949.
I ask my readers to explore the history of the US-India-Tibet relations formulated on the principles of Freedom and Democracy from 1949 by 33rd US President Harry S Truman (1949-1952). Dwight David Eisenhower, 34th President of the US (1953-1961) continued President Truman’s foreign policy of containing Communism. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of the US (1961-1963) and Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the US (1963-1969) continued to checkmate Communist Cold War strategy. To gain a correct historical perspective, I have to mention that Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia. I am pleased to share some of these photo images that help me to recapitulate the historical ties between the United States, India, and Tibet. Because of the silence and secrecy imposed by Cold War Era, the connections between these three nations are often misunderstood.
HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: 33rd US President Harry S. Truman (1949-1952)HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: 34th US President Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: 35th US President John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: 36th US President Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS. The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: FORMER CIA OFFICIALS KENNETH KNAUS AND JOHN GREANEY SHARED THEIR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS. The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: BRUCE WALKER , FORMER OFFICIAL OF CIA. The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: OCTOBER 11, 1949. The Indian Prime Minister visit to the USA.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: OCTOBER 11, 1949. The Indian Prime Minister’s visit to the USA.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: OCTOBER 11, 1949. The Indian Prime Minister’s visit to the USA.
The History of The US-India-Tibet Relations: The US President Eisenhower with the US Secretary of State. The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.
HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: DECEMBER 16, 1956. The Indian Prime Minister’s visit to the USA. Both India and the US desired for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.#WHOLEVILLAIN Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. He knows about the Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.The history of the US-India-Tibet relations. #WHOLEVILLAIN Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. He knows about the Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.The history of the US-India-Tibet Relations. #WHOLEVILLAIN – APRIL 1958. Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. He knows about the Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.#WHOLEVILLAINWhole Villain. Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. He knows about the Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. He knows about the Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. 17 NOVEMBER 1954. Vice President Nixon with the Vice President of India. Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. He knows about the Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied TibetHISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: SEPTEMBER 1957. PEKING. Indian Vice President’s visit to Peking. Initially, both India and Tibet believed the assurances offered by Communist China and desired a peaceful resolution of Tibet’s Occupation.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : SEPTEMBER 1957. INDIAN VICE PRESIDENT IN PEKING. Initially, both India and Tibet believed the assurances offered by Communist China and desired for a peaceful resolution of the conflict provoked by the Chinese aggression in Tibet.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. Nixon-Kissinger #WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. The US policy of the Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet was clearly understood by the Enemy.The history of the US-India-Tibet relations.#WHOLEVILLAIN – 1960. Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. He knows the US policy of the Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied TibetHISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: DECEMBER 09, 1959. Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet. India was a free country and the call was for Freedom in Occupied Tibet. The US President’s visit to India.History of the US-India-Tibet Relations – DECEMBER 10, 1959. Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet. The US President’s visit to India.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet. The US President’s visit to India In December 1959.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet. The US President’s visit to India in December 1959.#WHOLEVILLAIN – NIXON, EISENHOWER, AND JUSTICE WARREN. Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. He knows the US policy, Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet. The Prince of Peace, the US President’s visit to India in December 1959.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet. The Prince of Peace, the US President’s visit to India in December 1959.THE HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. He knows the US policy, the Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied TibetThe History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied TibetThe History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama arrived in India on March 31, 1959 seeking political asylum as Communist China persisted with its brutal occupation of Tibet.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama arrived in India on March 31, 1959 seeking political asylum as Communist China persisted with its brutal occupation of Tibet.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama arrived in India on March 31, 1959 seeking political asylum as Communist China persisted with its brutal occupation of Tibet.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama arrived in India on March 31, 1959 seeking political asylum as Communist China persisted with its brutal occupation of Tibet.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama arrived in India on March 31, 1959 seeking political asylum as Communist China persisted with its brutal occupation of Tibet. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama arrived in India on March 31, 1959 seeking political asylum as Communist China persisted with its brutal occupation of Tibet. SEPTEMBER 04, 1959, His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama and Ms. Indira Gandhi, daughter of the Indian Prime Minister. .HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS ARE ALWAYS A REFLECTION OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS. The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.#WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS: THIS PHOTO IMAGE OF KENNETH KNAUS OF CIA WITH HIS HOLINESS THE 14TH DALAI LAMA SPEAKS OF HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS. The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain 1960. Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. He knows about the Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: APRIL 22, 1961. CAMP DAVID, MARYLAND. The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The Indian Prime Minister’s visit to the US in September 1961. The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: SEPTEMBER 1961. The Indian Prime Minister’s visit to the US, The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: SEPTEMBER 07, 1961. The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: NOVEMBER 07, 1961. The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: SEPTEMBER 09, 1961. The Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: CHINA-INDIA WAR OF OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 1962. China retaliated against the US-India-Tibet policy of Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: THE 1962 INDIA – CHINA WAR FOR ALL PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IS THE PHYSICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS WHICH REMAIN SHROUDED BY SILENCE AND SECRECY IMPOSED BY COLD WAR ERA DIPLOMACY. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The policy of Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet remains unchanged after the China-India War of 1962. JUNE 03, 1963, the Indian President’s visit to the United States.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The policy of Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet remains unchanged after the China-India War of 1962. JUNE 04, 1963, the Indian President’s visit to the United States.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The policy of Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet remains unchanged after the China-India War of 1962. JUNE 03/04, 1963, the Indian President’s visit to the United States.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The policy of Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet remains unchanged after the China-India War of 1962. JUNE 03/04, 1963, the Indian President’s visit to the United States.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The policy of Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet remains unchanged after the China-India War of 1962. JUNE 03/04, 1963, the Indian President’s visit to the United States.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The policy of Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet remains unchanged after the China-India War of 1962. JUNE 03/04, 1963, the Indian President’s visit to the United States..HISTORY OF US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: 1964. NEW DELHI. Indian Prime Minister with His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. The US-India-Tibet policy of Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet persisted after the 1962 China-India War.
America’s 1971 Opening to Peking (Beijing):
#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. He knows about the Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. Nixon served as the US Vice President for two terms during the presidency of Eisenhower. He knows about the Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet.#WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: OCTOBER 24, 1970. PRESIDENT NIXON BEFRIENDED PAKISTAN’S MILITARY DICTATOR GENERAL AGHA YAHYA KHAN IGNORING HIS CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE IN EAST PAKISTAN.#WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: Dr Henry Kissinger with Pakistan’s Military Dictator. Tell me who your friends are, I’ll tell you who you are.#WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS. The US President befriends Pakistan’s military dictator ignoring his crimes against humanity, genocide in East Pakistan.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy
#WHOLEVILLAIN AUGUST 10, 1971
#WHOLEVILLAIN JULY 09-11, 1971. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy#WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN – The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. JULY 1971. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy in 1971.THE ORIGINAL SIN: The misuse and abuse of political power. Dr. Henry Kissinger had lacked Constitutional Power to conduct secret diplomacy on behalf of the people of the United States.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US PolicyTHE CHECKS AND BALANCES IN GOVERNMENT BY LAW: What is the source of Power which Dr. Henry Kissinger may have used to usurp the role of the Secretary of State while he was at the National Security Council from 1968 to 1973? The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy in 1971.#WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN – The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy in 1971.#WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy in 1971.#WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : INDIA’S PRIME MINISTER MRS. INDIRA GANDHI MADE A FUTILE TRIP TO WASHINGTON D.C. ON NOVEMBER 03, 1971 TO GET THE US SUPPORT TO STOP GENOCIDE IN EAST PAKISTAN .HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: THE LIBERATION OF BANGLADESH ON DECEMBER 16, 1971. India and Tibet worked together in support of this Liberation while the US opposed the LiberationHISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: THE LIBERATION OF BANGLADESH ON DECEMBER 16, 1971. India and Tibet worked together while the US opposed the Liberation.#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US PolicyThe legacy of Dr. Henry Kissinger.#WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US PolicyThe actions taken by Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger prior to September 22, 1973 to foment relations between United States and Communist China by conducting secret visits to Peking and by holding secret negotiations with the Head of State and Prime Minister of Communist China are illegal, and unconstitutional. These actions have undermined the trust placed in the office of the Secretary of State and reveal Dr. Kissinger’s mockery of the United States Constitution.
Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger takes credit for the relations between the United States and Communist China that he had helped to shape following his secret visit to Peking (Beijing) during 1971. Dr. Kissinger published the book, “On China” on May 17, 2011 and most recently this book got reviewed by N. Narasimhan, the former Chief of India’s External Intelligence Agency. I am publishing the guest column that has appeared in Southasiaanalysis.org paper dated 31 December, 2011. Both Dr. Kissinger and N. Narasimhan fail to address a fundamental question about the legitimacy of the actions taken during 1971-72 that paved the way for normalization of U.S. – China relationship. Dr. Kissinger’s mischief began with his appointment as Assistant for National Security Affairs in December 1968. While working on behalf of National Security Council, Dr. Kissinger conducted secret negotiations with Heads of State and Prime Ministers without participation of Mr. William P. Rogers, the Secretary of State. Dr. Kissinger was sworn in as Secretary of State on September 22, 1973. Dr. Kissinger had grossly misused his position as an adviser and his actions during 1971-1973 prior to his appointment as Secretary of State were illegal and unconstitutional. The United States Constitution demands that the U.S. Administration is held fully accountable for all of its actions, and the U.S. Congress acts on behalf of the people to demand that public accountability. The actions of Dr. Kissinger during 1971-72 were a clear violation of trust placed in the office of the Secretary of State. For Constitution is the source of Power, it has provisions to check the use of power. The abuse of power is accomplished by separation of powers. A system of checks and balances limits the power of each branch of the Government and permits the Law of the Constitution to be applied when its officials usurp powers not granted by the Constitution or otherwise act unconstitutionally. Dr. Kissinger was not vested with powers to conduct secret diplomatic negotiations with officials of foreign governments while he was at National Security Council.
#WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS: DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER WON THE 1973 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE FOR MAKING A CEASE-FIRE AGREEMENT WITH NORTH VIETNAM. IT WAS SOON FOLLOWED BY UTTER DISASTER. THE US ARMY WAS BETRAYED. SAIGON WAS CAPTURED BY NORTH VIETNAM .#WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN: A HISTORICAL FALL FROM GRACE. PRESIDENT RICHARD MILHOUS NIXON RESIGNED ON AUGUST 09, 1974.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US PolicyThe history of the US-India-Tibet relations. The legacy of Dr. Henry Kissinger #WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain, APRIL 29, 1975 FALL OF SAIGONThe history of the US-India-Tibet relations. The legacy of Dr. Henry Kissinger. #WHOLEVILLAIN Whole VillainThe legacy of Dr. Henry Kissinger #WHOLEVILLAIN Whole Villain. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US PolicyTHE LEGACY OF DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US PolicyTHE LEGACY OF DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER. The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy
The Living Tibetan Spirits:
HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS SINCE 1949. THERE IS HOPE FOR FUTURE AND THERE IS HOPE FOR VICTORY IN THE CRUSADE FOR PEACE THROUGH FREEDOM IN OCCUPIED TIBET .
I speak on behalf of the Living Tibetan Spirits, the spirits of the young Tibetan men who live in my consciousness. Myself, and the Living Tibetan Spirits feel dismayed by Dr. Kissinger’s book “On China”, and its review by the former chief of India’s External Intelligence Agency. Both of them fail to speak about the United States-Tibet relations that established the multinational defense pact or alliance called Establishment Number. 22 (1962) and later named as Special Frontier Force (1966) to secure Freedom, Liberty, and Democracy in the occupied Land of Tibet. There was a basic and fundamental understanding between the people of Tibet and the United States to defend the Freedom of Tibet. Dr. Kissinger has caused a breach of trust between these two parties which have agreed to work together to defend the rights of Tibetan people to regain their lost freedom. The ideological rift between the US and Communist China is as wide as it was during 1949. The US-India-Tibet Relations survived the test of times and there is hope for a better future. There is hope for victory in the ‘Crusade for Peace through Freedom in Occupied Tibet’.
Rudra N. Rebbapragada,
Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.
Service Information: Service Number: MS-8466/MR-03277K; Rank: Major; Branch: Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission/Direct Permanent Commission (1969-1984); Medical Officer, South Column, Operation Eagle (1971-72), Headquarters Establishment No. 22 C/O 56 APO (1971-74), Directorate General of Security, Office of Inspector General Special Frontier Force, East Block V, Level IV, R. K. Puram, New Delhi – 110 022
“ Relations Between Great Powers cannot b sustained by inertia, commerce or mere sentiments” Aaron Freidburg in New Republic, August 4, 2011.
That this Book is unique in many ways is quite obvious. Not just because of the Statistics. that Dr.Kissinger has counted having made about 50 trips to Beijing and the sheer mental and physical stamina on display. Hypothetically, someone can beat that in numerical terms. Or can conceivably even carry out missions of comparable importance in future. But there is not even a “ghostly” chance of any one replicating the meetings he has had with Mao, Deng, and the successor Chairmen of CPC/CMC/PRC; or the meticulous manner he has kept a record of these and shared them with the world.
For good or bad, this review will be understandably in the nature of lessons to be learnt, in the light of where we are now, our system and other deficiencies, and that have contributed calling for remedial action with urgency, to safeguard long and continually being neglected vital national interests.
India – China Border Dispute and War:
The India – China border war of 1962 has been covered here more in the perspective of a major illustration of Dr.K’s basic thesis on China’s “exceptionalism” and “singularity”, as characteristic style of statecraft distilled in which principles of “deterrent co-existence”, and “offensive-deterrence”(being defined as “luring in the opponents and then dealing them a sharp and stunning blow”) are important components.
Parenthetically, the India – China Border War has also been given dubious pride of place, as a dramatic opening prop for the Prologue with which Dr.K has begun the book ! Not being a critical element to his main purpose of the Book, in Dr.K’s broad brush treatment of the history and actual developments preceding the October – November 1962 Chinese attack on India, the facts are smudgy and a number of crucial issues have been glossed over. In fact, there are arguably many historic inaccuracies.
The Chinese Attack was a well planned meticulous attack This Book has done yeoman service to the Indian cause by conclusively demonstrating that the Chinese attack was a well planned and meticulously executed “malice aforethought”, which was personally handled by Mao himself. The quotes attributed to Mao in this Section almost all have been sourced from an article by one John K.Garver.
Some of Dr.K’s assessments of Chinese working and decision-making style described in this Section, which get repeated often in different forms, throughout the Book are worth reproduction for ready perusal.
“It was not yet an order for military confrontation; rather a kind of alert to prepare a strategic plan. As such, it triggered the familiar Chinese style of dealing with strategic decisions: thorough analysis; careful preparation; attention to psychological and political factors; quest for surprise; and rapid conclusion“. (Page 188, Chapter 7 – from an account of Mao’s meeting with Chinese Military Commanders in 1962)
Dr.K goes on to mention two specific points which demonstrated the comprehensive way in which Chinese policy was being planned. The Chinese leaders were concerned that the U.S might use the Sino – Indian conflict they were preparing for to unleash Taiwan against the Mainland. Also the U.S may start some mischief in Indo – China, in the developments of the then current edition of the Vietnam War, and use it for an American attack on Southern China through Laos.
They used a simple subterfuge to obtain quick reassurance on the first point. At the routine Ambassador level meetings then under way at far away Warsaw, they got the U.S. Representative to deny any American intention of armed action in Taiwan by making a false allegation that the U.S. had amassed troops for this purpose, and getting it refuted by him. Remarkable in itself, Dr.K also highlights this to additionally emphasize the difference between a comprehensive approach to policy making (Chinese model) and a segmented one (by others).
Then Chinese Ambassador Wang Bingnan at Warsaw had claimed in his Memoirs that this information played a very “big role” in Beijing’s final decision to proceed with the operations in the Himalayas. (Page-189, Chapter -7).
The role of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev and the Cuban missile crisis finds a mention in this Section, with references to Soviet flip-flops. But Dr.K does not make a specific point that the then raging Sino – Soviet ideological war may have played any significant role in the Chinese decisions and actions leading to the 1962 war – the point (the cruciality of the Soviet/Russian factor and role) he has made in every other of the three major comparable international conflicts/crises he has elaborated on, namely, the Korean war, the Taiwan Straits crises and the third Vietnam war (“We touched the Tiger’s buttocks”), to exemplify China’s use of armed action as a policy tool in its international relations. (Page-340, Chapter-13).
It needs to be noted though that Dr.K has graphically/gleefully, but briefly, described, in different places, caustic /acerbic exchanges between the Chinese and Soviet leaders and their publications, to show China’s irritation and indignation at different aspects of Indo-Soviet relations. But not as significant factor in China launching the Border War. The so-called 1961 “Indian Forward Policy/Nehru’s Forward Policy” gets mention, as occasion to quote Mao epigrammatically telling the Central Military Commission (CMC) and top leaders, “a person sleeping in comfortable bed is not easily roused by someone else’s snoring”. (Page 187, Chapter 7). (What or whom, did he have in mind in this allusion?!)
Tibet, Tripartite Agreement and Neville Maxwell’s Thesis”
Neville Maxwell who had made much of this “Forward Policy” as the main reason for “India’s China War”, in his eponymous Book sponsored by the PRC, (he was a State guest in Beijing writing the Book) gets a small foot note reference (Serial # 7, Page-545, Notes), in the early tracing of the history of the Simla Tripartite negotiations leading to the McMahon Line Agreement (1914), to quote the Emperor’s then Representatives in Calcutta, Lu Hsing – Chi on the Middle Kingdom’s positive attitude to the Simla Meeting; “We must exert muscles to the utmost during this Conference”, (Page-186, Chapter 7)
Dr.K, however fails to note that the main reason for the then Chinese Central Government’s refusal to fully “sign” the Tripartite Agreement was their non acceptance of the border between “Inner” (Sichuan and Yunnan provinces) and “Outer” (present Autonomous Region area) Tibet, and not the India – Tibet segment of the Line, while he elaborates on the significance/ difference in Diplomatic Practice between “initialling” and “signing” an International Agreement.
Though mentioning Tibet in the context of the evolution the McMahon Line aspect of the border dispute, Dr.K briefly refers to HH the Dalai Lama (DL) taking asylum in India in 1959 in this Section, only to the extent of China beginning “to treat the issue of demarcation line increasingly in strategic terms”, not as a significant trigger for the Border War China launched three and a half years later. (Page 187, Chapter 7).
There is an amazing passage of brutal frankness, in a book replete with breath-taking dialogue scripts, on the 1959 Tibetan Revolt and the D.L’s escape – a verbatim record of a macabre exchange between Mao and Khrushchev during the latter’s visit to Beijing in October, 1959, that has to be highlighted . (Page-171, Chapter-6)
Three Mao quotes given by Dr.K in this Section on India – China 1962 War are worth reproducing, as they unambiguously establish the “malice aforethought” of Mao to unleash the War on India, as supplementary Diplomacy, with meticulous preparedness. (i)“You (perhaps referring Nehru) wave a gun, and I will wave a gun. We will stand face to face and can each practice our courage.” Mao defined it as policy of “armed coexistence” (to the CMC – page 188, Chapter-7). (ii) “Lack of forbearance in small matters upsets great plans. We must pay attention to the situation”. (to the CMC – Page 188, Chapter-7) (iii) “We fought a war with old Chiang (Kai-shek). We fought a war with Japan, and with America. With none of these did we fear. And in each case we won. Now the Indians want to fight a war with us. Naturally, we don’t have fear. We cannot give ground, once we give ground it would be tantamount to letting them seize a big piece of land equivalent to Fujian province……Since Nehru sticks his head out and insists on us fighting him, for us not to fight with him would not be friendly enough. Courtesy emphasizes reciprocity”.(In early October 1962 – “to assembled Chinese leaders to announce the final decision, which was for war” – Page 190, Chapter-7)
Other Aspects of Indian Interest
It is somewhat disappointing for the Indian observer that Dr.K. had not found time and space to cover China – Pakistan relations despite their having been found to be crucial in U.S – China bilateral talks, and had apparently been dealt with as such at top leadership meetings, from two important perspectives, namely, nuclear/missile proliferation and international terrorism, during the Clinton and George W.Bush, Presidencies.(On Terrorism, Dr.K evocatively describes China as an “agnostic bystander” – till America’s “9/11”)
However, all that he has to say on the bilateral, collusive violations of international agreements and commitments on nuclear and missile non proliferation areas by the two “rogue” friends of the U.S. is :–
“Finally, the experience with the “Private” proliferation network of apparently friendly Pakistan with North Korea, Libya, and Iran demonstrates the vast consequences to the international order of the spread of nuclear weapons, even when the proliferating country does not meet the formal criteria of a rogue state.” (Page-496 – Chapter-18).
The following passage from Huang Hua’s harangue to Brzezinski in the segment relating to the third Vietnam War (page 352, Chapter 13) has something India can ponder over, in the light of its so far ineffective responses to Pakistan’s long persisting Low Intensity War strategy, to expose the fallacious perceptions it is based on. “As for the argument that the Soviet Union would not dare to use conventional arms for fear of nuclear attack from the West, this is only wishful thinking. To base a strategic stance on this thinking is not only dangerous but also unreliable”. (citation # 15, page 352, Chapter 13 and page 555 of Notes ).
The suggestion is that India needs to drastically change the ambiance of bilateral equations in Subcontinent, and gain “strategic space and strategic autonomy”, by appropriate actions and responses to periodic provocations by Pakistan, so that its “all weather friend” China, as ever pragmatic, finds it prudent to read the wisdom of the above quote to its permanently parasitic neighbour – with two small changes, inserting “India” in place of “Soviet Union” and “you” in place of “the West”, as highlighted in passage above.
Four major Historic Occurrences in US-China Relations: Principled?
These figure repeatedly in the context of the four major historic occurrences, marking the evolution of U.S – China bilateral relations, post October 1949, namely; the triangle of U.S – Soviet Union – China, Cold War era and beyond, the tortuous negotiations over Taiwan, the Korean and Vietnam wars, as well as the domestic convulsions engineered by Mao in revolutionary zeal.
Behind the facade of fiery militancy bordering on nuclear war mongering/of “principled” ideological firmness/political toughness/historic Civilizational patience, drawing inspiration from Confucius, Sun Tzu, and so on, the PRC leadership is capable of extreme elasticity and pliability, surpassing the marvels witnessed in the fantastic physical contortions of the famed Chinese Circus Gymnasts.
The only principle of their “Principled stand” is pragmatic achievement of the desired goal, by hook or crook, which may be battle for survival against, or keeping at bay, the Polar Bear time and again, checkmate the U.S. Imperialism in Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and of late, the East Pacific, or determined pursuit of pulling the country out of backwardness, poverty, towards economic domination of the world.
It looks like the hoary Middle Kingdom Statecraft culture held the concept of “consistency” at arm’s length and use of the ideograph to depict this. Or that it had been banned along the way by Emperor Chin Shi Huang Di, with the writings of Confucius and other Chinese wise men.
Dr.K’s dramatic, ‘blow – by – blow’ account of how the Chinese Leadership desperately sought to settle the crisis precipitated by Fang Lizhi, (China’s Andrei Sakhrov sans the Noble and perhaps the Hydrogen bomb), suddenly seeking refuge in the US Embassy in Beijing with his wife on June 4 1989, fearing the worst to his safety following the Tiananmen (TAM) crack down, is a vivid, “no-holds-barred” play out of most of the above “Chinese characteristics” (pages 428-432, Chapter 15). It is also the high point of the trust Chinese Leaders had in Dr.K and his (brain) power to deliver them from the most awkward of situations (they were many) when he specially undertook this mission (November 1989) as a non official. The passage “At this point Deng got up from his seat and unscrewed the phones between his seat and mine as a symbol that he wanted to talk privately” (page 430) and what followed to a happy, face-saving package deal end, epitomizes the quintessential spirit and substance of Dr.K’s Book, on himself, China, and all in between. Point to note:- When the chips are down, there is no scale to measure the depth of a Chinese climb down.
The Chinese Leadership of all generations practices with consummate success all verbal and physical feints, duplicity, outright lies, wrapped in deliberate studied ambiguity, grandstanding calls for World Revolutions against Imperialism, Revisionism, Hegemonism, Brinkmanship in readiness to risk nuclear war annihilation, as a tool of blackmail, and so on, to achieve well planned, meticulously executed, long-range objectives of domination, even from an intrinsically weak position – Wei Qi style.
The “Chinese characteristics”- the world should take note of:
The known history of the 1962 India-China Border War, and the “unknown” developments in this area of the past three decades since the resumption of the dialogue between the two countries, post the 1962 War hiatus, (dealt with in detail elsewhere in this Paper), are the close-to-home, hurtful, demonstration of these “Chinese Characteristics”.
Most of the time they have succeeded in pulling the wool over the eyes of “friends” as well as “foes” at the given point of time. (many times the same entity is simultaneously invested with both the roles and dealt with).
PRC’s ‘cohort’-ing with impunity with “rogue”countries and their discredited leaders, shunned by most the world at a given point of time, like those of Sudan, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Somalia, Cambodia, Myanmar and many despots of later America, inter alias for crass material benefits like access to oil and other commodities, or for diplomatic purposes, uniquely sets them apart as unafraid of isolation or widespread unpopularity. Eventually they have the last laugh.
There have been, inevitably, a few misfires and failures, in this approach, and the PRC has taken the tumble, at times grievous hurt, on the chin, and continued to march forward.
Now the Chinese involvement with Col. Gaddafi in Libya and the temporary set-back in their oil fortunes there are the latest illustration. Their cozy relationship with Bangladesh after a short interregnum, despite their support to the hilt to Pakistani suppression in the East, prior to and during 1981 war, is another classic of adroit, nimble footwork, turning 180 degrees, sans any qualms.
All along, the Chinese Leadership has demonstrated extraordinary capacity to mobilize resources, man power, material and what have you, on a stupendous scale, and concentrate these to tackle the tasks on hand, be it the Korean War, Taiwan Straits crises, border show downs with the Soviets in Siberia, or the ill-conceived, force-marching of the country to instant economic Utopia, through the Great Leap Forward steroid administration, the Societal Purification and perpetual Revolution sought in the GPCR and dazzling achievements in putting up modern Infrastructure show pieces or disconcerting cyber attacks on strategic assets of countries all over the world with uncanny ease which can poise them to the role of Hitler of the future e-universe.
Aggressive Postures of Chinese Diplomacy:
To illustrate (one of many) the confidence and aggressive facet of Chinese diplomacy, even when in a hole of relative weakness, Dr.K cites detailed accounts of meetings of not only Deng, but also of second tier leaders like Foreign Minister Huang Hua, where they passionately hector his successor NSA, Zbig. Brzezinski, on the wrong line of policy and approach, in their view, adopted by the U.S towards the Soviet Union, (in the backdrop of the 3rd Vietnam War) which, inter alias allowed the Soviets various concessions in areas of trade and technology, instead of putting military pressure on it, that would rebound to haunt the U.S. through competition and challenge in future (Page 351- 353 Chapter 13).
It is ironic that, now, the shoe is on the other foot. The accommodative policy adopted by the U.S towards China in the past two decades, 1990-2010, in trade and technology transfer areas, have made China a major challenge to U.S, while the Soviet Union had withered away. Throughout the Book Dr.K gives invaluable insights into the PRC and CPC inner working, and thought – cum – decision-making processes at the highest levels from extensively researched authentic records, mostly of U.S provenance, but also plenty of Chinese and Soviet origin. It is felt that China watching scholars and diplomats will reap adequate dividends if they strive to access similar archival records of Albania, under Enver Hoxha / Mehmet Shehu the only country which PRC/CPC had kept close relations with during its decades of “revolutionary” isolation, including the domestically turbulent GPCR years, when it strove to be the center / leader of World Revolution and Communist Orthodoxy. In particular, significant keys to the mystery of Lin Piao’s death and the rise and fall of the Gang of Four may be available here.
“Insistent Posture” of the Chinese:
The most important take for me personally from Dr.K’s Book, in dealing with China is the phrase “Insistent Posture” (IP). This occurs obscurely (Page 508) in the last brilliant Chapter-18, “The New Millennium”, in the context of Dr.K comprehensively analyzing a December, 2010 seminal, authoritative Statement on PRC Foreign Policy by State Councillor Dai Bingguo in its multifaceted aspects. It has apparently been used by the “Triumphalist” school in the ongoing “The National Destiny Debate”, exemplified by two very popular, “deeply nationalistic” Books, “China is Unhappy”, a 2009 collection of essays, and “China Dream” a 2010 publication by PLA Senior Colonel Liu Mingfu, both of which advocate that China should stand up and follow aggressive measures “to become the number one in the world”. One ostensible purpose of Dai Bingguo is to distance the PRC leadership from this popular, almost militarist posture, carry conviction with and reassure the world about the bonafides of the Official policy, namely, “peaceful rise” – since revised to “peaceful development” – and “harmonious world”. (Pages 504 onwards, Chapter-18).
All the above three offerings have been expertly summarized and analyzed by Dr.K, with appreciable objectivity and thoroughness, as well as realism of an American strategic thinker. Hence, one should refrain from seeking to gild the lily, as it were, but recommend that this Chapter should be read in full, along with the succeeding, equally brilliant, “Epilogue”, where, after drawing parallel from the developments leading to World War-I, with the help of a U.K. diplomatic study, “The Crowe Memorandum”, he weighs in, ever so gently, in favour of a non-confrontationist development of U.S – China relations, in future, in the face of real, strong, inevitable challenges.
I have plumbed that “Insistent Posture” should be the watch word hereafter which should guide India’s approach to all aspects of bilateral relations with the PRC.
Obiter on India – China relations The Indian Public Should be taken into Confidence:
The nitty-gritty of the post Nehru era India – China border dispute negotiations have been marked by near total secrecy. This has been plainly proven to be purposeless, self-defeating, counterproductive, and arguably much worse. This has given rise to lot of unhealthy speculation about various proposals proffered by either side.
One of these is a “swap”, attributed to different Chinese Leaders including Mao, Chou, Deng, at different points of time. In essence this amounted to a Chinese offer that they would allow India to keep the disputed area in the Eastern sector, in return for India’s acceptance of the Chinese claims in the Western (Ladakh) sector.
Dr.K’s Book refers to this Swap in suitably authentic tone, as having been offered by Chou Enlai, and its non acceptance by India, without however any specific official level citation at this point (page 187, Chapter 7). Other references allude to this subject else were in the Book in general terms, basing on the secondary source, Mr John Garver.
Ambassador C.V.Ranganathan Book, “India and China, The Way Ahead”, second edition, 2004, (herein after referred to as “CVR – ICWA”), gives strong credence to this thesis, with a detailed narrative of the 1979 talks in Beijing between Deng and the visiting then Indian External Affairs Minister, Mr. Vajpayee, wherein the Swap had figured (Pages 166 – 168, CVR – ICWA). No documentary authority has however been cited. The narrative also shies away from authoritatively spelling out details of the Swap. It however avers that India rejected the PRC proposals on Constitutional legal, technical grounds, again without citing any authority.
“CVR – ICWA” nevertheless speculates that difficulties envisaged in “selling” any line of territorial compromise to the Indian public to settle the Border issue would be electoral hot potato. Does this mean that India just kept mum without any response, beyond, “Sorry we cannot accept this for domestic political reasons”?. Or they discussed their problems with their counterparts, in whatever fashion, but had chosen to hide it from the Indian public?
Whichever way, even if essentially correct, this premise is a totally fallacious, escapist, if not a “cop-out”, showing poor appreciation and judgement of the dynamics of India’s domestic polity.
India’s relations with the PRC is one area which can be safely postulated as extrinsic to, and fairly well insulated from the vagaries of domestic electoral politics, which can be safely kept that way unless violently mishandled.
Whatever the assessed obstacles, these will not go away with time, but only assume more dangerous dimensions, eventually bringing greater grief to the country, through the tactics of “seeping aggression” being successfully pursued by the PRC, through more frequent, enlarging, and growingly emphatic references to their claims to Tawang and “South Tibet”, which had not been seen till recently.
Recently, there was an article in Chinese media in which the author discussed in detail the relative merits of China handing over to India areas claimed by it in the Eastern Sector (Arunachal Pradesh), in return for India agreeing to China’s retention of the area under its occupation in the Ladakh Sector (Aksai Chin).
Probably for the first time, this author claimed at length that Chairman Mao had himself convincingly advanced in detail (obviously before his death) the strategic advantages of China retaining Aksai Chin, compared to lesser purchase in keeping Arunachal Pradesh. This seemed to indicate the existence of an ongoing debate, or its recrudescence, on the subject within China and a serious attempt being made by some section of the leadership to gain wider acceptance among the country’s population for this move, in the face of internal opposition.
This clearly calls for India to have a goal and a strategy to take advantage of such debates in China by appropriate, adroit modifications in negotiating positions / postures.
India Should produce a White paper on Border Negotiations:
In view of these developments, it is time that Government of India sets all speculation on this at rest without further delay, with an authentic, comprehensive report on Border negotiations held so far since 1963-1964, on the lines of the White Papers published prior to 1963 events. Simultaneously, Government of India should make public every aspect of what all has transpired in bilateral negotiations between the two countries covering all subjects, beyond the Border Dispute too.
The paradox and contrast with Government of India in keeping its “Aam Admi”( general public ) in total darkness on momentous external relations issues affecting national security, thereby denying itself the strength and support of the masses, needs to be taken note of and corrected.
Issue of River Waters:
There is a special urgency to do this immediately in respect of negotiations on the exploitation of waters of international rivers flowing out of Tibet for which both the Governments have constituted the “India – China Expert Level Mechanism on Trans – Border Rivers” which holds annual meetings.
The potential long-term adverse effects of the River Waters issue are much more damaging to the future of the Nation and its population, than even the dispute over Border territorial claims, whose (mis) handling over the years has proved dangerous enough to National security. The absence so far of any meaningful detailed disclosures on this subject, covering Government of India’s attitude and actions, if any, as well as PRC’s responses, if any, evoke an eerie, nightmarish feeling of replay of the Border dispute tragedy of the 1954 – 1962 vintage.
In the absence of more detailed information, the PM’s recent statement on the River Waters, in the current Parliament Session, gives the impression that Government of India may be following a wrong course of action intending to domestically down play the problems with the PRC, in the misplaced assessment that this is either necessary, or will lead to maintaining over all, friction – free, “friendly” relations with the PRC. If so, there has been a culpable failure to learn the lessons from the tragic experiences of Mr.Nehru which led to his refusal to a January, 7 1963 oral message of Chou Enlai requesting to meet personally and discuss the six (Non-Aligned Movement) nation Colombo proposals, with the observation “matters are gone too far and the people of India could not be persuaded to accept Chinese ‘bluff and nonsense’ any more”. (Pages 99 – 101 of India’s CDA in Beijing, Dr.P.K.Banerjee Memoirs of the Chinese Invasion of India).
White papers published by Government of India on the 1962 War graphically show the background for Mr.Nehru’s above frustration. That it is fatal to second guess PRC’s intentions and meanings from their cleverly ambiguous statements, especially from a self-induced, preconceived naive mind-set, resulting in make-believe or wishful interpretations of what one wants to see and hear, rather than nailing the PRC in writing on what they had specifically intended or wanted say.
Two letters exchanged between the two Prime Ministers, one of Mr Nehru dated May, 22, 1959 where he sought it interpret Chou Enlai on having accepted the McMahon Line during his visit to India in January, 1957 (letter written after a lapse of two years after the visit!) and Chou Enlai’s flat contradiction of the same in his reply dated September, 8, 1959 are prime examples of the failure to adopt the methodology of “Insistent Posture” (refer Para 73).
An extract of Diplomatic Note dated 31 May 1962 by the Chinese Foreign Ministry to the Indian Embassy in Beijing at Appendix – II is another shining illustration of the dangers of the preconceived mind-set in dealing with the PRC (Page-142, CVR – ICWA).
There was no Dr.K in the 1950s to wise up the world with experience to share in dealing with latter-day Middle Kingdom Mandarins who have carried the same Imperial DNA for millennia, mutated for good measure with dyed – in – the wool , Marxist – Leninist Revolutionary ambitions.
Government of India will be well advised even now to go over with fine tooth comb what all have been officially exchanged with the PRC, on the subject of River Waters, what replies the PRC had given in writing, including the record of exchanges at annual meetings of Experts. ( hopefully they are comprehensive.
The Concept of “Line of Actual Control”:
The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is a crucial concept, which unfortunately has remained only that, for decades now, in India – China Border negotiations. The PRC has successfully evaded giving any meaningful idea of their version of this LAC, in spite of undertaking to do so in solemn bilateral undertakings in Agreements signed by Heads of States and Governments of the two countries periodically. Absence “Insistent Posture” on Government of India’s part, the PRC has merrily gotten away without giving any concrete description of the LAC, so that they can draw it any time in future South of Tawang and tell Government of India that they have never said anything contradictory before officially and they cannot be proven wrong. And they will get Neville Maxwells of 21st century (perhaps some Indians too!) to paint them as paragons of all Celestial virtues, attributed to Confucius, Sun Tzu etc.
Singularity and Exceptionalism:
Dr.K devotes time and space in the Book to highlight China’s “Singularity” and “Exceptionalism”. One salient aspect emphasized is the great influence of China’s ancient Civilizational history, Culture, and writings of Philosophers like Confucius, Sun Tzu as the bedrock and guiding force throughout the many millennia, to the cataclysmic contemporary developments of 20th/21st Century, and the strength and sustenance Mao and his successors had drawn from this, to the extent of even using the same ancient elliptical, allegoric, epigrammatic, vague circumlocutory verbiage to hide and fudge, so as to thrive and succeed.
India too has a great History:
India has also been blessed with ancient history and civilization and great philosophers and thinkers whose teachings had served generations of Rulers and the Ruled for millennia. Except that in Indian case there seems to be a disastrous break in the past couple of centuries under British colonialism, and contemporary Rulers seem unaware of and unwilling to draw strength, sustenance and guidance from their Heritage, in meaningful, practical ways. This is an important point to ponder over while learning from the successful Chinese experience, so rivetingly told in the Book by the master practitioner of International Diplomacy. Another noteworthy/mentionable fact is that the PRC has been most successful in educating and sensitizing the entire country without significant distinction among populations in rural and urban areas, on the major aspects of its Foreign Policies and external relations with important countries at any given point of time, (dealt with in the Book), both in broad strategic long-term perspective and nuances, as well as immediate tactical moves, as situations develop, so as to be able to demonstrate massive support on the street, especially when it concerns countries like Japan, Soviet Union, Vietnam and the U.S.
Even allowing for the differences in the systems of government, control over media etc., this gulf is a major, self-inflicted failure which is regrettably and totally unjustified. (The writer is a former chief of India’s External Intelligence Agency)
Dr. Kissinger’s diplomatic initiatives totally failed the US Policy in Southeast Asia. Communist China remains a huge military threat in this region and the United States failed in its mission to curb the expansion of Communist Power.The History of the US-India-Tibet Relations. The problem of Freedom in Occupied Tibet was placed on the Back Burner while Nixon-Kissinger changed the Course of the US Policy
Whole Remembrance – Remembers Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.
I remember Tuesday morning September 11, 2001 when American Airlines Boeing 767 flight 11 plane crashed into North Tower of World Trade Center in New York City at 8.45 A.M. I was driving on south bound lanes of US 23 on my way to Ypsilanti City giving ride to a friend who was returning home after he finished his work in Plymouth City, Michigan. I was listening to my car radio and the appearance of smoke at World Trade Center was immediately reported by the radio station and gave it undivided attention. I will never forget this tragic event and I will always remember as to what I was doing at the precise moments when this tragic, cowardly, terrorist attacks have come to the attention of all American people. My paternal uncle was working in the North Tower on February 26, 1993 when terrorists exploded a Ryder Truck van at the basement level parking garage. He fortunately survived that Twin Tower Bomb blast.
Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love..Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.. President George W. Bush at the Ground Zero, New York City.
Remembering September 11, 2001. Can Terror define man? The man may experience Fear when taken by surprise of a terrorist attack but the man’s Spiritual Essence is defined by Faith, Trust, Hope and Love.
Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love..
As per the Law of Conservation of Matter and Spirit, Life is neither created nor destroyed by the man. Certain values are always conserved. Now, these three things remain; 1. Faith, 2. Hope, and 3. Love.
Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.
Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love. Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.Can Terror Define Man? Scene from Shanksville, PA. Spiritual Warfare against Terrorism.
America remembers Tuesday, September 11, 2001. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.
At 8:45 a.m. on September 11, 2001, an American Airlines Boeing 767, Flight 11, collided into the World Trade Center’s north tower in New York City immediately killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in the 110-story skyscraper. Only 18 minutes later, a second Boeing 767, United Airlines Flight 175, flew into the south tower. Both towers afire, burning debris covered the surrounding buildings and the streets below while hundreds jumped from the towers to their deaths in an attempt to escape. About 30 minutes later, a third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, crashed into the west side of the Pentagon near Washington, D.C. and a fourth plane, United Flight 93, crash-landed into a field in Pennsylvania killing all 40 souls onboard. Meanwhile, both World Trade Center towers collapsed into a terrifying and deadly inferno of rubble.
The Presidents’ Responses
On September 11, 2001, sitting President George W. Bush addressed the nation with a formal statement, “Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve.” Eleven days later, the Office of Homeland Security in the White House coordinated a comprehensive national strategy to safeguard the country against terrorism and respond to future attacks. Operation Enduring Freedom, the American-led international effort to oust the Taliban, began on October 7, 2001. Although the Taliban was weakened, the war continued and Osama bin Laden, the mastermind of the 9/11 attacks, remained at large for nearly a decade.
On May 2, 2011, U.S. Special Forces SEAL Team Six invaded bin Laden’s fortress in Abbottabad, Pakistan and took down bin Laden. Sitting President Barack Obama stated, “The death of bin Laden marks the most significant achievement to date in our nation’s effort to defeat al Qaeda.” He added, “his demise should be welcomed by all who believe in peace and human dignity.”
Immediately following this victory, in June 2011, Obama announced withdrawals of troops from Afghanistan. However, in August 2017, sitting President Donald Trump outlined a new plan to increase deployment of American troops into Afghanistan to continue to fight the Taliban.
The Victims
At the hands of 19 militant terrorists associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda headed by Osama bin Laden, more than 3,000 people (including more than 400 police officers and firefighters) were killed and more than 10,000 others were wounded during the attacks on 9/11. It was the deadliest terrorist act in U.S. history and the most devastating foreign attack on American soil since the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Survivors and family members of survivors have come forward with stories of bravery and triumph. Tens of thousands have suffered. The initial Victim Compensation Fund (in operation from December 2001 to June 2004) received 7,408 applications from 75 countries and made 5,560 awards totaling over $7 billion for both death (2,880) and personal injury (2,680) claims. Awards ranged from $500 to $8.6 million with an average award of $2,082,128, all tax-free.
On January 2, 2011, sitting President Barack Obama signed the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 in honor of NYPD detective and first responder James Zadroga who died in 2006 from respiratory problems attributed to the inhalation of toxic dust from the World Trade Center disaster site. Also known as the “First Responders Bill,” this Act expanded the scope of the Victim Compensation Fund to include first responders and individuals who later experienced health problems related to 9/11. More than 20,000 claims have been processed since then and close to $3 billion in compensation for lost wages and other damages related to illness have been rendered.
While there are thousands of known victims and survivors, some remain unknown. The Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York has custody of 7,930 unidentified remains of those killed in the attacks. The remains are located in the World Trade Center Repository situated between the two footprints of the Twin Towers on the sacred ground of the World Trade Center site. There is a private Family Reflection Room that is not open to the public. Family members can also speak with World Trade Center anthropologists who can answer questions about the steps they are taking to identify the remains of 9/11 victims.
9/11: Remembrance and Memorials
September 11th is now known as “Patriot Day” in the United States and is observed as the National Day of Service and Remembrance of the victims of the 9/11 attacks. Across the country, numerous events are held on this day to honor the loss of thousands of lives. There are also three somber and beautiful memorial sites dedicated to remembering the victims of 9/11:
America remembers Tuesday, September 11, 2001. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love. The Flight 93 Memorial.
• The Flight 93 National Memorial is located at the site of the crash of United Airlines Flight 93 about 2 miles north of Shanksville, Pennsylvania. The memorial honors the 40 passengers and crew who died on 9/11. It features concrete walls outlining the Flight Path Walkway and a white marble Wall of Names. There are also plans to construct a 93-foot tower to designate the entrance of the Flight 93 National Memorial which will contain 40 wind chimes — one for each passenger and crew member who died.
America remembers Tuesday, September 11, 2001. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love. The National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial in Arlington, Virginia.
• The National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial located in Arlington, Virginia, honors the loss of 184 people who died on September 11, 2001. Each victim’s age and location at the time of the attack are inscribed into the Memorial starting from the youngest victim, three-year-old Dana Falkenberg, to the oldest, John D. Yamnicky, 71, a Navy veteran, both of whom were aboard American Airlines Flight 77 that morning.
America Remembers Tuesday, September 11, 2001. A Callery pear tree that miraculously survived within the rubble of Ground Zero, now known as the “Survivor Tree,” stands tall and thriving nearby. A symbol of strength and resilience here and elsewhere, each year, the 9/11 Memorial gives seedlings from the Survivor Tree to communities that have endured tragedy.
• The National September 11 Memorial & Museum, a nonprofit in New York City, remembers and honors the 2,983 people killed in the horrific attacks as well as hundreds more who risked their lives to save others and all who demonstrated extraordinary compassion in the aftermath of the attacks. It is located at the epicenter of Ground Zero at the World Trade Center site. The names of every person who died in the terrorist attacks are inscribed in bronze panels around two enormous memorial pools with waterfalls that stand in the footprints of where the twin towers once stood. A Callery pear tree that miraculously survived within the rubble of Ground Zero, now known as the “Survivor Tree,” stands tall and thriving nearby. A symbol of strength and resilience here and elsewhere, each year, the 9/11 Memorial gives seedlings from the Survivor Tree to communities that have endured tragedy.
America remembers Tuesday, September 11, 2001. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.America remembers Tuesday, September 11, 2001. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.America remembers Tuesday, September 11, 2001. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love. America remembers Tuesday, September 11, 2001. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love. America remembers Tuesday, September 11, 2001. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.America remembers Tuesday, September 11, 2001. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.America remembers Tuesday, September 11, 2001. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love.Remembering Tuesday, September 11, 2001. In God We Trust. And now, these three remain, Faith, Hope, and Love..
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
Yes Indeed, Life is Complicated. The complexity of Life involves not only the problem of shopping for food but also the problem of shopping for the means to put to an end to one’s own existence.
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
What it is to be a Substance? and What it is to Exist? We need to establish knowledge about the man on a firm basis and the information it provides must be tested for its accuracy and consistency with an external reality. We have to make the fundamental distinction between the living and the non-living matter. The scientific advances of the 19th and 20th centuries reinforced the materialistic position concerning the basic similarity of organic living and inorganic physical matter. The man is viewed as a product of natural evolution and is thought to be subject to the same laws of Physics and Chemistry or mechanistic principles.
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
We need a methodology to study philosophy and to understand philosophical statements. Logical Positivism, also known as Scientific Empiricism aims to clarify concepts in both everyday and scientific language. It describes analysis of language as the function of philosophy. This analysis of language and of concepts is important to understand questions of belief and ideology which affect what we think we ought to do individually and socially. I use this method of ‘Applied Philosophy’ to analyze the problem of suicide and its prevention.
September 10 is observed as World ‘Suicide Prevention Day’ and September is ‘Suicide Awareness Month’. To promote Suicide Awareness, I promote awareness of the Seven Dimensions of Human Being. These dimensions are 1. Man is a Created Being, and man is constituted as 2. Physical, Mortal Being, 3. Mental Being, 4. Social Being, 5. Moral Being, 6. Spiritual Being, and 7. Rational Being.
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
Spirit or Soul is the vital, animating principle that operates all living systems. Spirituality is about formulating interpersonal, and intrapersonal relationships based upon shared feelings of trust, respect, and commitment.
The Man’s Physical Existence:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
The subjective reality of man’s physical existence is conditioned by his physical, mental, social, moral, spiritual, and rational well-being.
If a man is viewed as a multicellular organism, we may have to ask ourselves the following question. Who or What is the Subject that lives because of the living functions of trillions of individual, independent cells? Man has to explore the biological basis for his own existence in the physical world. The subjective and objective reality of man’s physical existence is conditioned by his physical, mental, social, moral, spiritual, and rational well-being.
Mental Health – The Mind-Body Connection:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
MENTAL HEALTH IS ABOUT FORMULATING HARMONIOUS SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS. SPIRIT OR SOUL IS THE OPERATING PRINCIPLE THAT DEVELOPS FUNCTIONAL HARMONY BETWEEN VARIOUS CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS, AND ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN ORGANISM.
Mental health is an important component of total positive health when health is defined as not the mere absence of disease, but as a state of man’s physical, mental, social, moral, spiritual, and rational well-being. Physical conditions and ailments affect mental well-being.
Mental health and well-being could have important consequences affecting the physical, and social well-being of the man and may even threaten his ability to maintain the biological integrity to survive as a human organism. Mental health is defined as the capacity in an individual to form harmonious relations with others and to participate in or contribute constructively to changes in the social environment.
A living organism has a tendency to maintain normal internal stability by coordinated responses that automatically compensate for environmental changes. Claude Bernard explains this concept of ‘Milieu Interieur’ as that of “all the vital mechanisms, varied as they are, have only one object; that of preserving constant the conditions of life.” This concept of homeostasis, maintenance of stability and equilibrium is applicable to man’s existence within a social group. A living thing maintains its individuality while being a member of a social group.
Mental equilibrium and mental tranquility are needed to maintain internal stability and for developing harmonious relationships with others present in the social environment. The different constituent parts of one’s personality should work in harmony so that an individual faces life situations rationally, successfully, and happily. The aim of the positive mental health care is to strengthen and develop well-integrated personality by influencing the behavioral pattern of the individual so that psychological situations are controlled by the individual in a logical, and rational manner. The individual while facing challenging life situations must arrive at solutions without disrupting the physical, mental, or social well-being.
Mental health comprises the well-being of the intellectual and the emotional components of the mind. The intellectual breakdown of the individual deprives him of logical and rational thinking. The decisions taken will be faulty if the individual is not capable of logical and rational thinking. Such faulty decisions tend to affect an individual’s well-being. The intellectual breakdown is always accompanied by an emotional breakdown. Emotional imbalance affects an individual’s reactions. The individual may show an inability to cope with life situations. The inability to withstand the strain and stress of life situations could affect the physical well-being of the individual. The aim of this presentation is to understand the nature of man’s essence and existence in the physical world and to use that information to prevent the problem of suicide.
Stress and Stress Resistance:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
A person with a well-integrated personality acquires high resistance against stress and will be able to react healthily while confronting unwholesome life situations.
Resistance against mental and emotional breakdown is built up by the autonomic process of integration of personality. It is the normal process of the growth of personality within the group environs. An individual with a well-integrated personality acquires high resistance against difficult situations. The individual will be able to react healthily while confronting unwholesome life situations.
A healthy mind and the ability to be molded in an integrated personality depends upon several factors including the physical, social, and psychological environment in which the individual is growing. It also depends upon the cultural patterns and attitudes handed down from one generation to the next. From a very young age, integration of the personality proceeds along with intellectual development and emotional molding. Children must be given a better chance to develop integrated personalities with resistance against stress.
Stress stimuli generate a chain of psycho-physical reactions strong enough to cause manifest effects. Personalities can be divided into 5 types according to their ability to resist strain and stress to master a given difficult life situation without a physical or mental breakdown. The same psychogenic stimulus may not cause a similar reaction in all individuals. Each person reacts in a different manner according to the level of preformed stress resistance.
GROUP I: Highly stress-resistant. These persons have a high level of preformed resistance. They also have the ability to develop resistance within a short time when exposed to stress stimuli. This group comprises of people with well-integrated personalities with dominant will power and power of endurance. They carry out the task even while under great stress without experiencing any negative consequences. They successfully master a stressful and difficult situation. These individuals live in good positive health and may not have a preexisting disease condition or a predisposition to such disease conditions that may undermine the physical and mental aspects of their health and well-being.
GROUP II: These persons have an average amount of preformed stress resistance. They overcome the stressful situation partially. In the attempt to master the stressful situation and to achieve success the person may suffer from precipitation of internal conditions such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and so on when other predisposing factors are also existing. However, the individual completes the task while facing a stressful stimulus. These persons perform better if they maintain good positive health.
GROUP III: These are persons with very low preformed stress resistance. They still have the ability to develop resistance on exposure to a prolonged stressful situation. While performing the task in a stressful situation, they may display psycho-somatic symptoms of overt stress syndrome.
GROUP IV: These are persons with no preformed stress resistance. They have a very low ability to create resistance upon exposure to a stressful stimulus. These individuals are more likely to abandon the task which may have exposed them to a stressful experience. They would try to escape from stress rather than attempting to create resistance to stress stimuli. If they cannot escape, the lack of stress resistance is manifested in a variety of bizarre symptoms.
GROUP V: These are persons who are non-resistant to stress. They have no preformed stress resistance. They are not capable of favorably reacting to situations producing stress. Their biological existence could be threatened if they are exposed to a stressful situation. They may manifest an overt psychiatric illness apart from the inability to perform a task that could generate the stress reaction. Such individuals must be recognized in their childhood and they must be provided the proper environment and psychological counseling.
The part played by stress varies in different individuals according to their basic personalities. The factors that impact the role of stress include environmental influences, community with its varied backgrounds of culture patterns and life habits. Pre-existent resistance against stress reduces the requirement of immediate psycho-physical response. If the problem of suicide is viewed as a stress reaction, the prevention of suicide would require promoting the idea of stress resistance.
The Problem of Suicide:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
A man’s right to life is a well-recognized principle. Very often, the law would defend a man’s right to life and would condone the act of killing if it is purely intended for purposes of self-defense. Does a man have the right to kill himself or renounce his life? Suicide is condemned by various societies. Major religions like Judaism, Christianity, and Islam oppose the practice of suicide. Attempts to commit suicide are punishable by law in several countries. In the East, some cultural traditions have glorified acts of self-immolation or of renouncing life to resist the enemy or to defend personal dignity, honor, or as an extreme measure of self-preservation.
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025. Self-immolation by Rani Padmini of Chittorgarh, India.
To defend her true nature, to preserve her essence, to resist the violation of her personal dignity and honor, Rani Padmini of Chittorgarh, India had courageously responded to a difficult and challenging life situation by an act of self-immolation. Her physical being was destroyed by fire which she had willingly embraced and yet her spirit has survived. She declares Victory over Death and she lives as an immortal person in the hearts of Indians and gives them a sense of Pride and Identity.
In the West, attitudes have been slowly changing. The law may permit euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide under very special circumstances that affect the quality of life of an individual.
The Problem of Suicide in The Armed Forces:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025. The Flag of the Indian Army Medical Corps.
While serving as Medical Officer of the Indian Army Medical Corps, I provided Comprehensive Health Care to troops and their families. The concept of Fitness to Fight includes both Physical Fitness and Mental Fitness. The goal is to keep the troops Fighting Fit at all times and under all conditions that may impose physical, psychological, social, and biological Stress. The Indian Tradition always pays attention to the well-being of all aspects of health and it includes the Moral well-being and the Spiritual well-being of the man. During the years I served, the incidence of Suicidal Death in the Indian Armed Forces was minimal.
To members of the Armed Forces, the problem of suicide is of special significance. The Armed Forces as a military establishment have a very challenging and difficult duty to perform. It has to conserve man-power, keep up the morale of its troops, and retain its fighting abilities and capacities at all times, both during peace and during the war. In ethical, and moral terms, Armed Forces believe in the act of killing and accepts the inevitability of causing deaths during the conduct of military operations. Armed Forces also actively prepare its members to overcome the fear of death and willingly exposes its members to the risks of getting killed both for the purposes of training and during actual combat situations.
A soldier is not expected to kill himself to escape from the stress of his military duty and at the same time, he must retain a very high level of motivation to kill the enemy and be willing to get killed in the performance of his task.
Armed Forces select its members with due care and chooses people with preformed stress resistance and further uses training as a tool to build up the stress resistance level of its members. The qualities of valor, duty, and honor define the essence and the Spirit of Service. Armed Forces members must exist to display their essence.
I participated in the military operations that were conducted in the Chittagong Hill Tracts during the India-Pakistan War of 1971. I encouraged men to overcome stress and promoted the value of stress resistance. Kindly refer to my blog post titled ‘The Victory over Death – The Psychology of Warfare.
The Prevalence of Suicide:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025. The problem of Equilibrium or sustaining the Homeostasis.
Suicide has become much more common and it ranks as the second or third most common cause of death during adolescence. Suicide is also most pronounced in the older age. The rate of suicide is greatest between the ages of 35 and 75 years with a peak at about the age of 55 years. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, in the year 2007, suicide was the third leading cause of death for young people ages 15 to 24. Among ages 65 and older, of every 100,000 people, 14.3 died by suicide in the year 2007. This figure is higher than the national average of 11.3 suicides per 100,000 people in the general population.
The Warning Signs of Suicide:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
Suicide constitutes the greatest risk in manic-depressive psychosis. During both depression, and mania, the psychotic individual shows no insight into the abnormal nature of his mood. Depression is a major symptom of neurosis. Attacks of depression are characterized by signs that the person has deep feelings of melancholia (sadness). The sufferer typically looks unhappy, he feels hopeless and worthless, considers his life a torment. The depressed individual may experience a desire to punish himself by self-destruction and may directly or indirectly express such feelings or thoughts.
The American Society for Suicide Prevention posted these warning signs of suicide, and signs of depression:-
Unrelenting low mood, pessimism, hopelessness, desperation, anxiety, psychic pain, inner tension, withdrawal, sleep problems, increased alcohol or other drug use, recent impulsiveness & taking unnecessary risks, threatening suicide or expression of a strong desire or wish to die, making a plan, giving away prized possessions, sudden or impulsive purchase of a firearm, obtaining other means of killing oneself such as poisons or medications, unexpected rage or anger. Changes in attitude, personal behavior could be always discovered and the individual who is at the risk of taking his life could be helped by simple observation.
The Causes of Suicide:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
Current research and thinking on suicide tend to view biological, psychological, social-structural, and social-situational factors as interacting with each other. Sociological theories of suicide usually emphasize the importance of either the social structure or the social situations, and the cultural pressures that individuals face. Psychological theories emphasize personality and cognitive factors.
The Sociological Theory of Suicide:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
Emile Durkheim in his paper ‘Le Suicide’ published in 1897, tries to explain the apparent and purely individual decision to renounce life as a product of social forces or ‘social functionalism’. He introduces the term ‘anomie’ or anomy. Suicide results from the breakdown of social standards that people need to regulate their behavior. A failed society produces in its members a sense of futility, lack of purpose, emotional emptiness, and despair. Anomie is a condition of relative normlessness of a society or social group. It may also mean a state of mind of a person who has no standards or sense of continuity or obligation to maintain his social bonds.
The Personality Theory of Suicide:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
The desire to escape depression is the most frequently cited motivation to explain suicide. A personality factor could be involved in persons who believe that suicide constitutes a solution to the problems that they may be facing. The suicide victim’s ideas, beliefs, and ways of thinking have a causal relationship with an underlying personality. The way people view their problems can produce a greater or lesser tendency to depression and suicide.
The Quest for Authentic Existence:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2024. How to prevent Suicide? Jean Paul Sartre’s Theory of Existentialism and Suicide.
Philosopher, Nobel Laureate Jean-Paul Sartre recommends the quest for authentic existence. He claims that Suicide is absurd; it is absurd to get rid of what man is (etre-en-soi) as the true subjectivity of man (etre-pour-soi) disappears at the same time.
The Existentialists suggest that a person must find a situation in which he finds his true significance. In his Existentialist book, ‘Being and Nothingness’, philosopher and Nobel laureate Jean-Paul Sartre divides the being (the existing reality) into two categories. One category is called being-in-itself (etre-en-soi ) and it may describe the essence of the man, the sum of the intrinsic properties without which a thing would cease to be what it is. The second category is being-for-itself (etre-pour-soi) which comprises the being that has thoughts, feelings, and consciousness. The being-for-itself exists only when it is supported by the being-in-itself. Existentialists view the man in terms of his existing thoughts and actions rather than in terms of his essence. According to Sartre, man’s own existence is always attempting to overcome a radical estrangement between man as the object of scientific study or man himself (etre-en-soi ) and the subjectivity man knows in his thoughts and consciousness (etre-pour-soi ). A man’s life in the world and his social transactions often conceal his true subjectivity. A sense of authentic existence is given to each person when he realizes his true subjectivity as a being that is conscious. Sartre claims that suicide is a final act of absurdity. Suicide is absurd; for in getting rid of what man is (etre-en-soi ), the true subjectivity of man (etre-pour-soi) also disappears at the same time.
The Prevention of Suicide:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
There is no single approach that could be expected to succeed in substantially reducing the incidence of suicide. However, it will not be incorrect to claim that suicide is 100 percent preventable. The act of killing oneself or the action called suicide is totally preventable even when suicidal thoughts may not be preventable. If an individual’s mind is engaged in suicidal thoughts, it may not be possible to prevent those thoughts as the thoughts have already originated. I may succeed in preventing the individual from acting upon his suicidal thoughts. As long as a man knows his thoughts, and would not let his thoughts overwhelm him, the man can lead a normal life even when the mind engages in ideas or thoughts about suicide.
Stay Informed and Stay Connected:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
Suicide is totally preventable if a man seeks information about his ‘essence’ (true or real Self) and the connection, the bonding, the partnership, the relationship, the association, or the ‘yoking’ with an external agency that supports his existence.
To help prevent suicide, I keep the man informed by sharing the following information, and the man must reflect upon the nature of the ‘connection’ that sustains the man’s existence in the physical world.
Existence Precedes Essence:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
Existence is the state of being in the world of actuality. The essence is the most significant part of a thing’s nature, the sum of the intrinsic properties without which a thing would cease to be what it is.
What is the fundamental nature or quality that is important or essential to define the true substance of the man? To understand human essence, a human being must be defined as a physical, mental, social, moral, spiritual, and rational being. The subjective reality of a man’s existence precedes and defines the man’s essence. Existence is the first priority and must be preserved if a man wants to define his nature or essence. To defend the human existence, the physical, the mental, the social, the moral, the spiritual, and the rational well-being of the man must be defended.
As I have mentioned before, the Indian tradition honors the man who may define his moral, or spiritual essence by putting an end to his physical existence. That is the only exception to the rule.
The rule is; the human existence does not depend upon the contents of man’s thoughts, feelings, desires, emotions, self-pride or ego. The man must always strive to rationally understand and evaluate his thoughts, feelings, desires, moods, emotions, and self-pride and should not act upon them to compromise his existence which is truly independent of such factors that impact human life. If I think that I must live for two hundred years, the thoughts about a long life span would not change the basis for my biological existence. Similarly, if I think that I must kill myself, the suicidal thought does not alter the basis for my biological existence. Suicidal thoughts do not describe the human essence. A stress-resistant individual would have the ability to investigate and reflect upon his suicidal thoughts and trace the reason for such thoughts. Stress is a problem that is associated with identity and individuality. The human person is a multicellular organism and the man must know as to how the human organism establishes its identity and its individuality. While a man seeks to define his essence in terms of his identity, the organism seeks to identify the Individual for whose existence the cells perform the living functions that support the individual’s life.
Identity and Individuality – Two Sides of the Same Coin:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
If Essence describes one facet of the coin, Existence describes the second face of the same coin.
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
If Identity is described by one side of the coin, Individuality is described by the second side of the same coin.
Mental health is related to the understanding of identity and individuality. We need to understand as to how identity and individuality are established in the multicellular human organism.
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
My mind may define my identity in one manner and my human organism may establish my identity in a different manner. My mind may seek my identity from my thoughts, intellectual information & knowledge, emotions, and false ego. These four aspects of mental activities or functions are named in the Indian tradition as Manas, Buddhi, Chitta, and Ahamkara. These four mental activities are together named as Mano Chatushtayam (the Four Dimensions of Mind) or AntaHkarana. The Indian tradition asks people to recognize that the true identity of the individual does not pertain to these four aspects of human brain activities.
The attempts by a man to establish his identity on the basis of his morphological appearance, anthropomorphic data, biometric information, race, ethnicity, gender, religion, language, occupation, or nationality/ place of origin are not relevant if strictly evaluated in terms of supporting the existence of that human individual.
The man exists as long as he has the ability to defend his individuality and maintains the integrity of the various physiological/metabolic activities that support the vital functions that impart the quality or condition called Life and keeps the organism living. In the human organism, this functional unity is maintained by an anatomical structure called the Brain Stem. The man lives as an individual while the functions of the Brain Stem are intact and a man dies if functional activity is not found in the Brain Stem. The man can seek any kind of identity if he maintains the individuality that the Brain Stem supports.
The man is free to change his morphological appearance, can change his sexual identity, can change his occupation, can speak a different language, can change his place of residence, can practice a different religion or no religion, and can change the nature of his personal relationships with others while he maintains his individuality as a living organism. A man must always be conscious of his individuality which demands him to exist as a distinct entity from his mind and its mental activities.
A man could be aware of the presence of suicidal thoughts engaged by his mind and yet maintain his separation from those thoughts. A man who seeks to exist as an individual will have no problem in resisting his thoughts, feelings, emotions, and mood changes. Such mental activities would not overwhelm or overpower the person.
The problem of stress will not go away. However, the man can become stress-resistant. Such stress resistance from psychogenic stimuli is the key for prevention of suicide. The man who is facing challenging life situations represents just one side of the coin, and on the second side, the same coin represents the man who maintains his individuality as a human organism. This separation of identity from individuality gives us the scope to make people stress-resistant and to avoid the psychological compulsions of suicidal thoughts. When this separation is established, a man would not act in ways that could harm him in body or mind. To promote mental health, to prevent the consequences of mental disease, we need to give the tools to people to understand and define individuality and identity as two separate aspects of the same coin.
The ‘Self’ and The ‘Knowing-Self’:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE–THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE AND SUICIDE PREVENTION. THE CONCEPT OF SELF AND THE KNOWING-SELF WILL HELP TO PRACTICE SELF-RESTRAINT, SELF-CONTROL, AND SELF-DISCIPLINE.
The living human being could be divided into two categories. One category could be called ‘SELF’ that may be compared to Sartre’s being-in-itself or etre-en-soi. The ‘SELF’ represents man’s state of existence as the physical, mental, and social being. Both Rene Descartes and Jean-Paul Sartre divide man into two categories; 1. a physical or inert substance that has no thoughts, feelings, or consciousness, and 2. the mind that has thoughts, feelings, and is a conscious entity. Sartre further named the second as the Being-for-itself or etre-pour-soi which is capable of making decisions and giving the man the freedom to act according to his free will. I do not subscribe to the views held by Descartes or Sartre and I would not seek the separation of man into two distinct entities called the Body and the Mind. The man is a multicellular organism; the body cannot exist without a mind/brain and the mind/brain cannot exist without a body which has vital organs like lungs, heart, liver, and kidneys. The body and the mind/brain have to function together. I have also stated my view about consciousness. Please visit the page titled, “I AM CONSCIOUSNESS, THEREFORE I AM”
Consciousness is not an exclusive psychological function. Consciousness is a biological function that is shared by all living cells which display the attributes such as recognition, sensitiveness, coordination, cooperation, functional awareness, and awareness of the external and internal environment and condition.
The category that I call ‘Self’ represents the physical self with various tissues and organs including the mental self which represents mental activities associated with thinking, intellect/knowledge, emotions, feelings, moods, and ego or self-pride. The ‘Self’ describes the essence or nature, or identity of the man in terms of the man’s own mental awareness and the identity attributed to the man by other people in his environment. The second category that I describe is the ‘Knowing-Self’. The ‘Knowing-Self’ is aware or conscious of its state and the fact of its own biological existence. It may not always be aware of its external environment. A man who is in a state of sound sleep, a man who is under the influence of drugs, chemicals, or pharmacological agents like anesthetics, or a person with a head injury loses some components of the function called consciousness. However, a man at all times of his living condition is conscious of his internal condition/environment, maintains the state of equilibrium or homeostasis, and supports the vital functions that define his individuality as an organism. The category called the ‘Knowing-Self’ is related to the individuality and in the multicellular human organism this function is served by the Reticular Formation of the Brain Stem which gives the person the ‘Capacity for Consciousness’. Man needs the ‘Capacity for Consciousness’ to compose the ‘Contents of Consciousness’. In the absence of the ‘Capacity for Consciousness’, man has no ‘Contents of Consciousness’ and could be declared dead if the function called ‘Capacity for Consciousness’ is not sustained.
The ‘Capacity for Consciousness’ is essential for man’s biological existence. The ‘Capacity for Consciousness’ is required for a man to exist as a moral, spiritual, and rational being. The man exists with an intrinsic ability to discern right from wrong and exists because of his spiritual nature which gives him the ability to acquire and manipulate energy for his various metabolic, living functions. The category called ‘Self’ may experience all the difficult, and challenging situations posed by life, and the category called the ‘Knowing-Self’ is not subject to these sensory or mental experiences that impact the ‘Self’.
The God Connection:
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
The man must recognize that his biological existence depends upon energy acquisition. The man leads an energy-dependent existence and must acquire energy from external sources right from the beginning of his life journey, that is, from the moment of conception. The man does not acquire this energy because of his intellectual effort, or acquired knowledge. The fertilized ‘Egg Cell’ is conscious of its energy dependence and it implants itself into the tissues of the mother who may not be mentally aware of this process called implantation by which the human embryo starts deriving energy from its mother. The embryo grows and develops into a complex, multicellular organism and continues to derive energy from external sources. This ‘Connection’ between the energy-seeker and the energy-provider could be called the ‘God Connection’.
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
The man has no ability to formulate this kind of energy acquisition capacity for his survival in the natural world. The Sun is the source of extraterrestrial or Cosmic Power, and the Solar Energy is trapped by chloroplasts found in the cells of all green plants. This energy is further made available to the man by the presence of intracellular organelles called mitochondria which are described as the powerhouses of the cells. The man has no direct control on the nature of this ‘Connection’ and its operation. The man simply exists as there is a Provider for his energy requirements.
In good health or ill-health, under all circumstances and conditions, and during all the stages of his mortal existence, the man needs Divine Grace, Mercy, and Compassion to keep himself alive. Providence is a supernatural mechanism or a ‘God Connection’ that supports a man while he leads his energy-dependent existence. The man who experiences this compassion, mercy, and grace that is sustaining his life derives a sense of joy and experiences the condition called true happiness. A man who discovers true happiness cannot experience a mood called depression.
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
It is really hard to kill oneself while the man is connected to a source of Happiness. The man must experience this sense of Joy and Happiness and realize its uplifting power to alter any depressed feeling or mood. If pain is an inevitable aspect of human existence, so also compassion is an inescapable aspect of human existence. Just like pain, compassion also provides an equally true life experience.
Whole Prevention – The Prevention of Suicide. Whole Dude promotes the World Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, September 2025.
I invite people to find Compassion, Mercy, and Grace of the Divine Providence in their living experience. It would be irrational or absurd to break the God Connection by the act called Suicide. All said and done, the man can neither create life, nor destroy life as per the Fundamental Law of Conservation of Matter and Spirit.
Whole Foods-Whole Inspiration-Whole LanguageWhole Foods, Whole People and Whole Planet inspire Whole Dude to invent Whole Phrases: Whole Linguistics – Whole Language. The concept of Whole Cookie and Whole Love. Whole Dude uses the phrase Whole Linguistics to describe three entities; 1. Language User, 2. Language Interpreter and 3. Language Creator. Image Credit: Agenda Publications, Ann Arbor District Library, Issue Dates, December 1997 and February 1998.
Whole Dude-Whole Time-Whole Life-Whole Journey
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Whole Dude coined the phrase Whole Retail to define a Marketing Strategy and Marketing Philosophy to retail Whole Products by deploying WholeDudes (without reference to gender, age, race, nationality and sexual orientation) to provide Whole Services to Whole People across Whole Planet. For reasons of convenience and brevity the term ‘Dude’ is being used as representative of all human beings.
At-will employment is a doctrine that allows an employer or employee to end the employment relationship at any time, with or without reason, without notice, as long as the reason is not illegal. This means employees are free to quit without notice, and employers are free to fire employees for almost any reason. However, at-will employment does not permit termination for illegal reasons, such as discrimination, retaliation for reporting illegal activity, or refusing to perform illegal acts.
The employment-at-will doctrine contrasts just cause employment/termination, in which an employer must provide a fair reason for terminating an employee and the employer often pays a Severance Pay if the employment is terminated for no fault of the employee.
I say, you are welcome to join the Whole Team, Get the Whole Deal if you can Learn the Dance “At-Will,” and play the Whole Game for Whole Paycheck. It will be your Whole Journey. Do you get my Whole Philosophy? What do you want to say? Please join me in a Whole Conversation.
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I say, you are welcome to join the Whole Team, Get the Whole Deal if you can Learn the Dance “At-Will,” and play the Whole Game for Whole Paycheck. It will be your Whole Journey. Do you get my Whole Philosophy? What do you want to say? Please join me in a Whole Conversation.
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