WholeDude

What’s in a Name? The Date, the Time, and the Place of Birth and Death are Predestined

Bharat Darshan. Defining Indian Identity What’s in a Name? My personal name was decided under the influence of the Date, the Time, and the Place of my birth. Even the LORD’s incarnation was decided under the influence of the Date, the Time, and the Place predetermined for the killing of the Demon King Hiranyakashipu.

Narasimha Jayanti is an important festival of the Hindu community. This auspicious day is grandly celebrated on Vaisakh Chaturdashi (14th day) of the Shukla Paksha or the Waxing Phase of the Moon. Also known as Narasimha Chaturdashi, this sacred festival will be marked on 14 May, (Saturday) this year.

As per scriptures, on this day, Lord Vishnu appeared in the form of Narasimha, (half lion and half man) to kill Demon Hiranyakashipu. He appeared with the face and features of a lion but the body of a man. Lord Narasimha is the fourth incarnation or avatar of Lord Vishnu.

**Bharat Darshan. Defining Indian Identity. What’s in a Name? The Celebration of Narasimha Jayanti, Narasimha Chaturdashi on Saturday, May 14, 2022.** **The Date, the Time, and the Place of birth are predestined.**

Narasimha Chaturdashi Tithi Begins – 03:22 PM on May 14, 2022

Bharat Darshan. Defining Indian Identity. What’s in a Name? The Celebration of Narasimha Jayanti, Narasimha Chaturdashi during the Shukla Paksha or the Waxing Phase of the Moon on Saturday, May 14, 2022.

Narasimha Chaturdashi Tithi Ends – 12:45 PM on May 15, 2022

Defining Indian Identity - What is in a name? — **Bharat Darshan. Defining Indian Identity. What’s in a name?** My personal name was decided under the influence of the Date, the Time, and the Place of my birth. What is Predestination? The Date, the Time, and the Place of Lord’s Appearance was predetermined by the choices made by the Demon King.

The name ‘ Indian ‘ is related to the great river SINDHU which is also known as Indus. In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed westwards towards setting sun to reach the shores of India. He discovered people living on islands whom he had mistakenly named as Indians. Apart from those island dwellers, the natives of the entire American continent, the so-called NEW WORLD, were named Indians. In spite of concerted efforts to rename them as ” Native Americans ,” the name Indian is still in use.

Name is a very important tool to describe personal identity. The word name as a noun, describes a person, place or thing. It is also a word or words by which an object of thought is known. Indians did not choose the name India or Indian. However, the people of our Land of BHARAT, are extremely fond of choosing names. This fondness for selecting, using and remembering names is an important Cultural attribute which defines our identity.

THE TRADITION OF GIVING NAMES:

Lord Shiva is known as Rudra, Neela Kantha, Pasupati and several other names. This fondness for selecting, using, and remembering names is an important cultural attribute which defines Indian Identity.

The name “RUDRA” is one of the earliest names known to humanity. According to legend, the Vedic God Rudra acquired His name from His Creator Brahma. As per the story, a boy was seen crying and wandering. The Father asked the boy the reason for his ‘howling’. The boy answered that he was ‘weeping’ for he was not given a name. So, the Father created a name by bringing together two Sanskrit words, Ru and Dra which mean ‘crying’ and ‘wandering’. Thus the name Rudra was born. This legend is an example of our emotional dependence upon the need for names. The major Deities such as VISHNU and SHIVA that Indians worship are known by thousands of names and remembering those names is deemed as an act of devoted worship. The use of these names is a fundamental right and I understand the term religious freedom in the context of my freedom to choose the name that I would worship. The religious experience that I gained while growing up in India relates to the use of names as an act of worship. Worship would have no meaning or purpose and would not give me a sense of direction if I do not remember the beautiful names that I have come to know.

A PERSONAL NAME AND A PERSONAL STORY:

This landmark Temple of Kapaleeswara binds me to my birthplace of Mylapore, Madras(Chennai). The Presiding Diety of this Temple is chosen as my personal Protector and hence I am given the name of "RUDRA". — This landmark Temple of Kapaleeswarar binds me to my birthplace of Mylapore, Madras(Chennai). The Presiding Deity of this Temple is chosen as my personal Protector and hence I am given the name of “RUDRA.”

My personal name is very much a part of my personal story. The name is chosen entirely due to the circumstances of my birth and I remain connected to the persons and the places for the rest of my life. I describe MYLAPORE of MADRAS City (CHENNAI) as my birth place and I describe RAJAHMUNDRY of East Godavari District as my native place.

Bharat Darshan. Defining Indian Identity. What’s in a Name? My personal name was chosen under the influence of the Date, the Time, and the Place of my birth. A view of Kutcher Road, Mylapore, Madras, Chennai.

My mother gave birth to me at my maternal grandfather’s residence on KUTCHERY Road in Mylapore. I spent the years of my early childhood at my paternal grandfather’s mansion in INNISPETA of Rajahmundry. As per the traditional belief and the practice of Vedic Astrology known as ‘ JYOTISH ‘(Science of Light), my birth star predicted and warned about some forthcoming inauspicious events. The astrological calculations suggested that remedial action is needed to counter the negative aspects of the birth star. Accordingly, my father performed a ritualistic worship popularly known as ” RUDRA ABHISHEKAM ” and worshiped SHIVA at the beautiful KAPALEESWARAR temple of Mylapore. To ensure that I would always enjoy the blessings from SHIVA, my father decided to name me as RUDRA. Hence,this name of Rudra instantly connects me to my birth place of Mylapore and to KAPALEESWARAR as my personal protector. The birth star also forewarned about consequences that would impact my paternal grandfather. There was no easy escape from the influences and the second part of my personal name was carefully chosen to please my paternal grandmother, Srimati. Lakshmi Narasamma. Because of the gender variation, the name Narasamma transformed to Narasimham. This name immediately connects me to the “LAWS OF KARMA.” These names are well-known and particularly in the southern States of India, the name Narasimham or variations of that name are frequently used. As long as I remain a conscious entity, my grandparents live in my consciousness. Astrology or Jyotish may not be a perfect Science. Horoscopes may not predict the future course of events in a person’s life. I exist in this world and I am known by a name which was specifically selected for me because of the predictions cast by my horoscope and the prediction came true and I find enough justification for this Indian Cultural Tradition called Jyotish.

My paternal grandfather. The family astrologer who had prepared my horoscope predicted an inauspicious event and the prediction came true five months after my birth. But the prediction did not deter my grandfather in any manner. My grandmother whose name I had acquired told me that my grandfather had loved me with all his heart without any concern about the astrological prediction. — My paternal grandfather. The family astrologer who prepared my horoscope predicted an inauspicious event and the prediction came true five months after my birth. But the prediction did not deter my grandfather in any manner. My grandmother whose name I acquired told me that my grandfather loved me with all his heart without any concern about the astrological prediction.

A UNIQUE NAME AND A UNIQUE PERSPECTIVE:

In 1965, I joined Kurnool Medical College after I obtained a Bachelor of Science degree from Osmania University, Hyderabad. At Kurnool, a batch of B.Sc., degree students were directly admitted into the Second Year of the medical education program that awards the M.B.B.S degree. Professor Rama Murthy of the Anatomy Department was very fond of knowing and recognizing each of his students by their personal names. On the first day of our Anatomy Class, the attendance register was not ready and Professor Rama Murthy decided to call out names from the list of selected candidates. He very solemnly announced to the Class that the roll call begins with a very angry and fiery name. We were intently listening to know what that name could be. Apparently, the list of selected students was prepared according to merit and my name was placed at the top of the list. He called my name and expressed his sense of disbelief. He asked me to verify my name and told the Class that it was the first time in his life that he encountered a person with the given personal name of Rudra Narasimham and both of those names are personifications of extreme anger and fiery temperament. You can easily visualize the angry personality depicted in the images of Lord Narasimha. His statement appears to be right and I have not known any other person who may have the same name. It is one of its own kind and is unique and special.

Socrates implored people to ‘know thy self’. He had stated that the unexamined life is not worth living. Understanding life involves understanding personal identity and name is a word by which an object of thought is known.

The name Rudra is related to SHIVA who is recognized as the God of Learning. Shiva is like Socrates. Socrates of 5th century B.C. is claimed to be the father of western thought. He implores people to “know thy self”. Socrates states that the ‘ unexamined life is not worth living ‘. Shiva guides me to reflect upon life. Shiva encourages introspection, reflecting upon one’s own mind and thoughts. Shiva defines that the purpose of learning is to acquire the ability to think for oneself. The name Narasimham represents to me a person who defends my right to select the Name for my God whom I choose to Worship. The story about Prince Prahlad represents the Cultural importance attached to personal choice in matters of religious worship. Names of persons, places and the legends form a part of Cultural legacy of our Land and define Indian Identity.

Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India,

M.B.B.S., Class of April 1970.

Whole Dude-Whole Cookie-Whole Love. Reflections on the nature of Wholesome interpersonal relationships

WHOLE DUDE-WHOLE COOKIE-WHOLE LOVE. Reflections on Wholesome interpersonal relationships: WHOLE FOODS SENT A LETTER TITLED “VALUE MATTERS” TO ALL THE FELLOW IDEALISTS AND ALSO CALLING ALL THE NATURALISTS AND THE RING LEADERS.

Whole Dude Loves Whole Cookie.

Who is Whole Dude?

The word ‘Whole’ as an adjective describes quality of being healthy, sound, auspicious, not broken, not defective, entire, undivided, complete, containing or constituting the entire amount, or having all of its natural elements. The word ‘Whole’ is also used as a noun to describe a thing or entity that is complete in itself and which lacks none of its parts. Whole Dude is a phrase that refers to Whole Man in all aspects of one’s being, including physical, mental, social, moral, rational, creative and spiritual. The man exists because of functional unity of the entire system and hence the singularity of the multicellular organism called man may not be divided into its constituent parts like body, mind, and soul which have no independent existence of their own.

I prefer the phrase Whole Dude over other often used phrases such as Whole Man, Whole Person, Whole Self, and others. Just like ‘White Light’, the singularity described as a man is in reality a spectrum of seven colors. The seven dimensions of the man are, 1. The Physical, 2. The Mental, 3. The Social, 4. The Moral, 5. The Spiritual, 6. The Creative, and 7. The Rational. The description of the man as a created, spiritual, and rational being is fundamental to defining the man as a Whole Dude.

Who is Whole Cookie?

IN THE INDIAN TRADITION LORD GOD IS THE CONTROLLER OF THE FORCE AND HAS A MASCULINE IDENTITY AND THE FORCE IS DESCRIBED AS HIS CONSORT WITH A FEMININE IDENTITY. GODDESS MADHAVI IS THE CONSORT OF LORD MADHAVA, THE LORD OF THE SPRING SEASON WHICH BRINGS A SENSE OF JOY AND SWEETNESS. THE WORD MADHAVI IS DERIVED FROM MADHU WHICH DESCRIBES SUGAR, WINE(FERMENTED SUGAR) AND NECTAR. WHEN MADHAVI IS KNOWN AS FORCE/POWER/ENERGY, ITS APPLICATION IS KNOWN BY THE SENSATION IT IMPARTS, THE SENSATION OF SWEETNESS CALLED MADHURYA, JOY, OR BLISS.

THE LORD OF SPRING SEASON – LORD MADHAVA WITH GODDESS MADHAVI: In the Divine Song called Bhagavad Gita, Chapter X, ‘The Infinite Glories of the Ultimate Truth’-‘VIBHUTI VISTARA YOGA’ that describes the LORD God Creator’s Infinite Divine Attributes, in verse # 35, Lord Krishna describes Himself as The Lord of Spring Season – The Flowery Season: “Rtunam Kusumakarah.”

The phrase Whole Dude somehow misses the flavor called Woman. God created both man and woman in His own image and hence God is both male and female at one and the same time. In the common usage of the term God, most often writers refer to God as if He is exclusively Male or of the masculine gender. From the very beginning, the Indian tradition views God as the First Male and the First Female and named the Male Principle as Father and the Female Principle as Mother. Father is the Originating Principle, and Mother is the Source Principle. The Indian tradition describes the Mother as the Divine Source of Matter, Energy, Knowledge, and Life or as the Constitutive Principle. Father is described as the LORD, the Owner, the Ruler, the Governor, the Controller, the Protector, the Sustainer, the Maintainer, the Preserver or as the Regulative Principle that rules, regulates, and governs all the operations of matter, energy, knowledge, and life in the created, natural Cosmic Order.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE CREATION OF ADAM AND EVE IN GOD’S OWN IMAGE: THE OLD TESTAMENT BOOK OF GENESIS IS A WRITTEN RECORD OF THE LIFE-SPAN OF HEBREW PEOPLE. HUMAN HISTORY AND THE RECORDS OF HUMAN LONGEVITY BEGIN WITH THE CREATION OF ADAM AND EVE IN THE GARDEN OF EDEN. THE HEBREW WORD ADAM MEANS MAN.

Just like the phrase Whole Dude, I coined the phrase Whole Cookie to specifically refer to the feminine gender created by God. The word Cookie is often applied to describe a young, attractive woman, a sweet thing, whose flavor is reflected in the language, behavior, and mannerisms that contribute to the constitution of the female personality. I love Whole Cookie for she brings to my experience the sweetness of the Divine Mother called Madhavi. The name Madhavi is derived from the word Madhu, a sweet substance found in nectar, honey, wine, sugarcane, and others.

Whole Dude – Whole Discovery:

On Wednesday, July 30, 2014, I discovered the meaning of Whole Love. I am the ‘Creme’ just like the Creme of a Sandwich Creme Cookie and my original human nature reflects the sweetness of God’s Love. I discovered the three fundamental dimensions of Love, which must come together to give the experience of Whole Love.

WHOLE DUDE - WHOLE CREME: THE DISCOVERY OF "WHOLE" LOVE. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS(1451-1506) IS RECOGNIZED FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF AMERICA ON OCTOBER 12, 1492. ON WEDNESDAY, JULY 30, 2014, I AM FORMALLY SEEKING RECOGNITION FOR DISCOVERING THE MEANING OF "WHOLE LOVE." — WHOLE DUDE-WHOLE CREME: THE DISCOVERY OF WHOLE LOVE IS AS SIGNIFICANT AS THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA ON OCTOBER 12, 1492 BY CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1451-1506) . THE LAND HE DISCOVERED WAS NOT INDIA AND THE PEOPLE HE FOUND ARE NOT INDIANS. YOU CANNOT FIND LOVE IN LIFE WITHOUT KNOWING THE PEOPLE WITH WHOM YOU GET ATTACHED. ON WEDNESDAY, JULY 30, 2014, I CLAIM THAT I DESERVE THE RECOGNITION FOR DISCOVERING THE MEANING OF WHOLE LOVE.

Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) discovered America on October 12, 1492 for he was determined to reach India by sailing West. He had indeed discovered the New World but failed to discover Love or the meaning of Love. The Land that Columbus discovered was not India and he mistakenly identified its people as Indians. The Discovery of America by Columbus resulted in the introduction of sexually transmitted infection like Syphilis from the New World to the Old World. That is the reason I choose to compare my Discovery with the historical Discovery of America. My discovery is not about the New World, or the Old World. My discovery will be known as the Whole Discovery, the discovery of all the dimensions of Love, a discovery with a potential to transform the Whole World.

WHOLE DUDE - WHOLE CREME: THE DISCOVERY OF THE NEW WORLD BY CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS MAY HAVE CAUSED THE TRANSMISSION OF THIS BACTERIUM CALLED TREPONEMA PALLIDUM FROM THE NEW WORLD TO THE OLD WORLD. THIS INFECTION IS ACQUIRED DURING LOVE-MAKING AND IN REALITY IT IS A SYMPTOM OF THE ABSENCE OF WHOLE LOVE. — WHOLE DUDE-WHOLE CREME: THE DISCOVERY OF THE NEW WORLD BY CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS MAY HAVE CAUSED THE TRANSMISSION OF THIS BACTERIUM CALLED TREPONEMA PALLIDUM FROM THE NEW WORLD TO THE OLD WORLD. THIS INFECTION IS ACQUIRED DURING LOVE-MAKING AND IN REALITY IT IS A SYMPTOM OF THE ABSENCE OF WHOLE LOVE.

Love is about relationships and it is central to the man’s connection with God, and the man’s relation to other persons.

WHOLE FOODS–WHOLE PROMISE

**Whole Dude-Whole Creme-Whole Discovery: “We’re growing something good and we want you to be part of it. If you’re ready to make a difference, bring your Whole Self to Whole Foods.”**

Bringing Your Whole Self

Your whole self isn’t just the way you dress or show up to work. For us, it’s expressed in the very way we do business. We volunteer at and donate to organizations that matter to you. We build a career path around your goals. And we hire teams that feel like families. When you’re here, you can be you.

I received a letter from the Whole Foods Market inviting me to shop at Whole Foods, Ann Arbor. The letter reads:

“We’re growing something good and we want you to be part of it. If you’re ready to make a difference, bring your Whole Self to Whole Foods.”

WHOLE CREME – WHOLE COOKIE – WHOLE DISCOVERY – WHOLE FOODS:

WHOLE DUDE - WHOLE CREME: AT WHOLE FOODS MARKET, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WHOLE DUDE ANNOUNCED ON WEDNESDAY, JULY 30, 2014 HIS EPIC DISCOVERY OF THE EXPERIENCE CALLED "WHOLE LOVE." — **WHOLE DUDE-WHOLE CREME: AT WHOLE FOODS MARKET, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WHOLE DUDE ANNOUNCED ON WEDNESDAY, JULY 30, 2014 HIS EPIC, WHOLE DISCOVERY OF THE EXPERIENCE CALLED WHOLE LOVE.**

At Whole Foods Market, Ann Arbor, Michigan, the Whole Dude has formally announced his Whole Discovery, the discovery of the experience called Whole Love. Love is an emotional experience and it is both a Subjective, and an Objective experience. Love is a personal experience and the experience can be objectively verified. The mental experience called Love demands a Subject who may experience the feelings termed as Love and at the same time, Love demands an Object that may experience those feelings described as Love. Love is always manifested as a connection, a relationship, as an attachment, a bonding, or a cementing feeling that brings together the persons involved in the attraction called Love. Hence, there are three fundamental aspects of the experience called Love. These are, 1. The Subject who experiences Love by expressing Love of another person which is identified as the Object loved, and 2. Experiencing Love for being the Object of another person’s Love, and 3. To have the experience called Whole Love each person needs to be both the Subject who is Loving, and also be the Object that is Loved.

**WHOLE DUDE LOVES WHOLE COOKIE. THE EXPERIENCE CALLED WHOLE LOVE INVOLVES BEING THE SUBJECT AND THE OBJECT OF THE EXPERIENCE OF LOVE.**

It may be very easy to claim that Love is a mutually shared experience and state that the partners in a Love relationship experience Love for one another to the same extent. When you examine the reality of the present day world, very few people may truly claim that they have discovered Love. To be the Subject who is Loving and simultaneously be the Object that is Loved on a reciprocal basis is not happening as frequently as people would expect to find. There is a gap or a ‘Mismatch’ between the feelings expressed and the feelings returned. Many relationships are simply ending when they find this gap or Mismatch a bit overwhelming. For Love involves mental attachments, a person in Love needs the experience of an emotional attachment from the person that he truly loves and get the feeling that he is the most loved person when that person feels attached to him through expression of the sentiments of love. To explain the three aspects of Whole Love, I invite my readers to taste the 365 Everyday Value Mismatched Sandwich Cremes, exclusively sold at the Whole Foods Market.

WHOLE FOODS - WHOLE CREME - WHOLE DISCOVERY - WHOLE LOVE: AT WHOLE FOODS MARKET, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, USA, WHOLE DUDE MADE HIS WHOLE DISCOVERY OF WHOLE LOVE. TO DESCRIBE WHOLE LOVE, THE FIRST INGREDIENT IS WHOLE CREME, THE WHOLE SUBSTANCE THAT PROVIDES THE BASIS FOR EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENTS. THE TWO ASPECTS OF LOVE ARE DEFINED BY THE TWO, DIFFERENT COOKIES THAT ARE FOUND INTIMATELY ATTACHED TO THE WHOLE CREME ON EITHER SIDE. — WHOLE FOODS – WHOLE CREME – WHOLE COOKIE – WHOLE DISCOVERY – WHOLE LOVE: AT WHOLE FOODS MARKET, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, USA, WHOLE DUDE MADE HIS WHOLE DISCOVERY OF WHOLE LOVE. TO DESCRIBE WHOLE LOVE, THE FIRST INGREDIENT IS WHOLE CREME, THE WHOLE SUBSTANCE THAT PROVIDES THE BASIS FOR EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENTS. THE OTHER TWO ASPECTS OF LOVE ARE DEFINED BY THE TWO, DIFFERENT COOKIES THAT ARE FOUND INTIMATELY ATTACHED TO THE WHOLE CREME ON EITHER SIDE.

WHOLE DUDE - WHOLE CREME: WHOLE DUDE LOVES 365 EVERY DAY VALUE MISMATCHED SANDWICH CREMES. HE CLAIMED ON WEDNESDAY, JULY 30, 2014, "I AM THE CREME OF LIFE. VANILLA COOKIE LOVES ME MOST AND CHOCOLATE COOKIE IS THE ONE THAT I LOVE THE MOST. — WHOLE DUDE – WHOLE CREME – WHOLE COOKIE: WHOLE DUDE LOVES 365 EVERYDAY VALUE MISMATCHED SANDWICH CREMES. HE CLAIMED ON WEDNESDAY, JULY 30, 2014: “I AM THE CREME OF LIFE TO WHICH TWO COOKIES ARE BONDED IN LOVE. VANILLA COOKIE LOVES ME MOST AND CHOCOLATE COOKIE IS THE ONE THAT I LOVE THE MOST.

Whole Dude Loves Whole Cookie. The Sandwich Creme I Love, The Mismatch I Love, The Vanilla Cookie I Love, The Chocolate Cookie I Love, The Whole Cookie I Love. The Cookie I Love, and the Cookie that Loves me come together as the Whole Cookie for I am the Original Whole Creme.

On Wednesday, July 30, 2014, I purchased 365 Everyday Value Mismatched Sandwich Cremes to declare that, “I am the Creme of Life. The Vanilla Cookie gives me the feeling that I am the most Loved Person in the World. And the Chocolate Cookie gives me the feeling that I have never, ever experienced for being so much in Love during my entire Life.” For I am the Creme of Life, I can experience all the dimensions of Whole Love at the same time. The Two Cookies, by getting intimately attached to my Whole Body, Mind, Heart, and Soul, give me the Full, Total, Complete, and the Whole experience called Whole Love.

**WHOLE DUDE – WHOLE COOKIE -WHOLE LOVE: REFLECTIONS ON WHOLESOME INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS.**

If finding Whole Love is difficult, do not panic, it is easy to find these Mismatched Sandwich Cremes and enjoy that experience of Whole Love by spending $2.99 (a Whole Value Price) for a 20 oz box. I fully assure you that you will experience the Whole Satisfaction. The Whole Deal of finding Whole Love from a box of Whole Cookies is truly rewarding.

Related Article:

WHOLE DUDE – WHOLE LOVE

WHOLE BODY – WHOLE LOVE – WHOLE HOLIDAY

WHOLE COOKIE-WHOLE CREME-WHOLE REFLECTIONS ON LOVE

**FOR I AM THE CREME OF LIFE WITH THE ORIGINAL SWEET HUMAN NATURE CREATED BY GOD, I discovered the three fundamental dimensions of Love, which have to come together to give the experience of Whole Love.**

Happy Ugadi, the Telugu New Year of Hope and Promise

**Welcome to Ugadi, the Telugu New Year Subhakrutu on Saturday, April 02, 2022.**

**IN SEVERAL INDIAN TRADITIONS, THE NEW YEAR BEGINS DURING THE SPRING SEASON.**

Spring is the season of the year between Winter and Summer. In the Northern Hemisphere it extends from the Vernal Equinox (day and night equal in length), March 20 or 21, to the Summer Solstice (year’s longest day), June 21 or 22. The Seasons come with cyclical frequency at the expected time while planet Earth and the rest of the Solar system partake the motion of Sun in the Milky Way Galaxy and their location in Space is never constant and is never the same.

Bharat Darshan – Welcome to Ugadi, the Telugu New Year Subhakrutu on Saturday, April 02, 2022. The first month of the Telugu Calendar, Chaitra begins on the first day of the Waxing Phase following the New Moon Day on Friday, April 01, 2022.

THE SPRING SEASON – A REASON FOR HOPE:

The Celebration of Spring Season. Spring Season brings a sense of Joy, uplifts the mood of man. The Joy could be compared to the sweetness of nectar gathered by butterflies from various Spring Season flowers.

**The Celebration of Spring Season. Koel, the Nightingale of India is known because of its melodious call.**

The arrival of Spring Season is celebrated with a sense of Joy in numerous cultures and human traditions. The reason for Joy is because of the Season giving a sense of Hope. The reason for Hope is that of rebirth, renewal, regeneration, regrowth, and rejuvenation. In Spring, we witness the plant and animal life getting revitalized. Things in Nature change with Time but Nature remains unchanged. Nature remains constant, immutable, unchanged, or eternal. Nature does not change as mass, energy, and momentum always remain unchanged. The Laws of Conservation stated by classical Physics state that mass and energy can be neither created nor destroyed. Each Law of Conservation signifies that Nature does not change with the passage of Time. We have hope as Nature exists without change. There is hope that we can recover and renew and restart if a process is broken or worn out. Nature’s ability to support and sustain Life is maintained by operation of The Laws of Conservation and by operation of the Fundamental Force called Gravitation.

The other name for Spring Season, known as Vasant or Basant is MADHAVAM. Indian tradition describes ideas by attaching them to personalities. The person known as LORD MADHAVA is the consort of a person known as Goddess MADHAVI. She derives her name from the word MADHU which describes the nectar gathered by butterflies. Madhu is used to name the taste experience called Sweetness, the sweet substances like honey, sugar, Jaggery and any alcohol derived by fermentation of sugars. The Sweetness gives Joy and Happiness and a man can get easily addicted to its powerful intoxicating effect. The sweetness has to be experienced with a sense of restraint. The man experiences a sweet sensation called MADHURYA when he experiences MADHAVI as a FORCE/POWER/ENERGY called Mercy/Grace/Compassion. Spring Season is celebrated as MADHAVAM as Lord Madhava is the Controller of the FORCE/POWER/ENERGY of Mercy/Grace/Compassion described in the Sanskrit language as KRUPA. The man exists at all stages of his life because of God’s Mercy, Grace, and Compassion.

THE CELEBRATION OF TELUGU NEW YEAR – UGADI:

The Celebration of Spring Season. Mangifera indica, the Cashew family of Anacardiaceae, the evergreen Mango tree is extensively grown across India. The unripe green fruits are used in the preparation of the traditional holiday dish in celebration of Ugadi festival. The fresh leaves are used in decorating the house. The taste and flavor of unripe Mango is unique, it is not sweet, it is not very sour or tart, and it is not bitter. Telugu people describe this taste as OGARU, the taste sensation imparted by eating unripe Pomegranate fruit. Tamarindus indica, evergreen tree, a native of Africa, belongs to Pea family Fabaceae, the leaves are pinnately compound or feather-formed leaves, the freshly harvested fruits add rich golden color, a mild sour taste with a tinge of sweetness to the traditional holiday dish.

The Celebration of Spring Season. Tamarindus indica, evergreen tree, a native of Africa, belongs to Pea family Fabaceae, the leaves are pinnately compound or feather-formed leaves, the freshly harvested fruits add rich golden color, a mild sour taste with a tinge of sweetness to the traditional holiday dish.

The Celebration of Spring Season. The Neem tree is evergreen, known as Azadirachta indica, belongs to the Mahogany family Meliaceae and is popular for its medicinal properties. The flowers which impart a mild taste of bitterness add flavor to the traditional holiday dish.

**The Celebration of Spring Season.The Covenant of Salt – The intimate connection of Salt with the idea of a Covenant or Binding Relationship between man and God or one person and another.**

The Celebration of Spring Season. Sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum, a perennial grass gives the taste of Sweetness to the traditional holiday dish. Small chunks of Sugarcane are used and in addition freshly prepared sugar called Jaggery, Gur, Gud, or Bellam is used. The Covenant of Salt – The intimate connection of Salt with the idea of a Covenant or Binding Relationship between man and God or one person and another.

The Telugu speaking people of India follow the Lunar Calendar and the first month of the year ( March-April) is known as CHAITRA.

The Telugu New Year is traditionally celebrated as UGADI festival. A traditional holiday dish, a relish called ‘UGADI PACHADI’ is prepared to reflect the tastes and flavors of the Spring Season. Telugu people are celebrating the dawn of their New Year called SUBHAKRUTU which brings the Blessings of Peace and Harmony on Saturday, April 02, 2022. Happy Ugadi to all of you.

**Bharat Darshan – Welcome to Ugadi, the Telugu New Year Subhakrutu on Saturday, April 02, 2022.**

**Bharat Darshan – Welcome to Ugadi, the Telugu New Year Plava on Tuesday, April 13, 2021. Chaitra (corresponds to April 13 to May 11) is the first month of the Telugu New Year 2021-22.**

**Bharat Darshan – Welcome to Ugadi, the Telugu New Year Sharvari on Wednesday, March 25, 2020.**

THE CELEBRATION OF SPRING SEASON – SATURDAY, APRIL 06, 2019.WELCOME TO THE TELUGU NEW YEAR VIKARI – UGADI CELEBRATION:

**The Celebration of Spring Season. Saturday, April 6, 2019. Welcome to Telugu New Year ‘VIKARI’.**

**The Celebration of Spring Season on Saturday, April 06, 2019.**

**THE CELEBRATION OF SPRING SEASON ON SATURDAY, APRIL 06, 2019. BEGINNING OF TELUGU NEW YEAR VIKARI.**

**THE CELEBRATION OF SPRING SEASON ON WEDNESDAY, MARCH 29, 2017. THE DAWN OF TELUGU NEW YEAR “HEVILAMBA.”**

CELEBRATION OF SPRING SEASON : WELCOME TO TELUGU NEW YEAR "MANMADHA." UGADI CELEBRATION ON MARCH 21, 2015. EVERY NATURAL PHENOMENON IS POSSIBLE BECAUSE OF AN UNCHANGING REALITY . THINGS IN NATURE CHANGE WITH TIME FOR THERE IS AN UNCHANGING TRUTH THAT OPERATES ALL MANIFESTATIONS . — THE CELEBRATION OF SPRING SEASON: WELCOME TO TELUGU NEW YEAR “MANMADHA.” UGADI CELEBRATION ON MARCH 21, 2015. EVERY NATURAL PHENOMENON IS POSSIBLE BECAUSE OF AN UNCHANGING REALITY. THINGS IN NATURE CHANGE WITH TIME FOR THERE IS AN UNCHANGING TRUTH THAT OPERATES ALL MANIFESTATIONS.

THE CELEBRATION OF SPRING SEASON: WELCOME TO TELUGU NEW YEAR “JAYA” – UGADI CELEBRATION ON MONDAY, MARCH 31, 2014:

THE CELEBRATION OF SPRING SEASON: THE BEGINNING OF THE NEW YEAR OR "UGADI" COMES WITH A NATURAL CHANGE IN THE ENVIRONMENT THAT BRINGS HOPE BY ITS RENEWAL, REGENERATION, REGROWTH, REVIVAL, AND REBIRTH. I SHARE THIS SENSE OF JOY WITH ALL MY READERS. — THE CELEBRATION OF SPRING SEASON: THE BEGINNING OF THE NEW YEAR OR “UGADI” COMES WITH A NATURAL CHANGE IN THE ENVIRONMENT THAT BRINGS HOPE BY ITS RENEWAL, REGENERATION, REGROWTH, REVIVAL, AND REBIRTH. I SHARE THIS SENSE OF JOY WITH ALL MY READERS.

TELUGU NEW YEAR VIJAYA: UGADI- THE DAWN OF NEW YEAR APRIL 11, 2013:

VIJAYA - TELUGU NEW YEAR 2013 - UGADI - GREETINGS: The Celebration of Spring Season. — **VIJAYA – TELUGU NEW YEAR 2013 – UGADI – GREETINGS: The Celebration of Spring Season.**

Simon Cyrene

**Bharat Darshan – Welcome to Ugadi, the Telugu New Year on Saturday, April 02, 2022.**

**Saturday, April 01, 2022. Indians celebrate the traditional New Year.**

**Ugadi Greetings. Best Wishes for a Very Happy Telugu New Year.**

March 31, 2022. 63rd Anniversary of Life in Exile

**Thursday, March 31, 2022. 63rd Milestone of Life’s Journey in Exile. The plight of the Living Tibetan Spirits.**

From March 31, 1959 to March 31, 2022, the Living Tibetan Spirits record Sixty-three Years of Life’s Journey in Exile. The Struggle is not over and yet it is time to take a deep breath and say Thank You India and Thank You America.

In the Indian Tradition, the number 60 is very significant for Indians recognize Sixty specific names to mark Years for purposes of timekeeping. The Cyclical Flow of Time continues in sets of Sixty Years.

Simon Cyrene

Special Frontier Force – Establishment 22 – Vikas Regiment

DALAI LAMA: ‘DON’T KNOW HOW LONG STRUGGLE FOR TIBET WILL LAST’

Clipped from: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/dont-know-how-long-struggle-for-tibet-will-last/articleshow/63563896.cms

A cultural program being organized as part of the Thank You India function held in McLeod Ganj on Saturday

I do not know for how long the Tibetan struggle will go on. However, the struggle will remain alive till the spirit of Tibetans remains,” the spiritual leader of Tibetans The Dalai Lama said at the “Thank You India” programme being held at McLeod Ganj on Saturday to mark his arrival in India, exactly 60 years ago.

On March 31, 1969, the Dalai Lama was forced to flee Tibet following failed uprising against China. After he took shelter in India, Tibetan community across globe under his leadership launched struggle for free Tibet but till date have not succeeded. During last few years, the demand has changed into one for autonomous Tibet.

While interacted with media persons, the Dalai Lama, when questioned about the possibility of Tibetans returning to their homeland one day, replied that Tibetan issue is an issue of justice. While commenting on the equation between India and China, he said that both were most populated countries of the World and both have ability to destroy each other.

“Any sensible person would want ‘Hindi-Chini Bhai Bhai’ to live together. None of them can be disloyal to each other, so other things will go on by the side,” he said. “Confrontation does not yield any result and amicable solution of Tibet problem is the only way out,” the Nobel Peace Laureate said.

“The Chinese are following a socialist form of government, which means everybody should have equal rights. We are not demanding separation from China, but the Tibetan people should have the autonomy to preserve their culture, language, environment and religion,” he added.

Earlier, the Dalai Lama recalled his journey in exile. He said that no time was wasted in these years. “It is a matter of pride that Tibetans have preserved their tradition and culture, wherever they are living across the globe,” he said.

He said that as there was need to preserve Tibetan culture and language, a logical analysis was also the need of hour. “When everybody is praising Tibetans it becomes our responsibility too to check where we were lacking,” he said.

**Thursday, March 31, 2022. 63rd Milestone of Life in Exile. The plight of the Living Tibetan Spirits.**

Paleolithic vs Modern Art. The evidence of Precision Grip

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN IN NATURE: The Grasping ability of Hand can perform two functions; 1. The Pressure Grip, and 2. The Precision Grip. The image shows the anatomy of the distal phalanx and its relationship with soft structures that are related to refined manipulation of tools or objects held by the Grip. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: The Grasping ability of Hand can perform two functions; 1. The Power Grip, and 2. The Precision Grip. The image shows the anatomy of the distal phalanx and its relationship with soft structures that are related to refined manipulation of tools or objects held by the Grip. It can provide evidence to make the distinction between a human artist and a nonhuman artist.

The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: Human Hand has Grasping ability and it provides two kinds of Grip; 1. The Power Grip, and 2. The Precision Grip. Each human being can be identified as a specific Individual by gathering evidence from the use of the Precision Grip.

The term ‘man’ has been loosely applied to describe a variety of animal species that belong to Family Hominidae. To understand the status of man in nature, it would be helpful to make the distinctions between the Paleolithic, Archaic, or Ancient Man and Modern Man. Since the term ‘Man’ may cause confusion, a distinction between ‘Man’ and ‘Human’ is all the more important. The Hominids belong to Class-Mammals, Order-Primates, Suborder – Anthropoidea, Superfamily – Hominoidea, Family – Hominidae, Subfamily – Homininae which includes the Genus-Homo and species such as sapiens, erectus, habilis, and etc., The members of Hominidae Family show a unique specialization of the lower limb, the pelvis and leg to provide the support for bipedal propulsion of the body in the erect position or vertical gait. In Primates such as the apes and monkeys, the feet and toes have the characteristic called prehensility and the Hominids have lost that characteristic. The Hominids have a large and complicated brain, the visual sense is better developed with a corresponding reduction of the sense of smell. The hand with flattened nails and the true opposability of the thumb can perform two types of grasping function called, 1. The Power Grip and 2. The Precision Grip. The Hominid Family members have intensified mother-offspring relationship due to prolonged infant dependency. While the Hominid brain shows both qualitative and quantitative development, there are significant differences in the areas of the brain concerned with vision, muscular coordination, memory, learning, and communication. Hominids such as the Rhodesian Man and the Cro-Magnon Man had large skulls and their brains were larger as compared to that of Modern Man. The Hominid Family members share important skeletal features and similarities and yet the same time, the size and shape of the skull can be used to make distinctions between the various species. Similarly, while the skeletal features that contribute to the ability called ‘Precision Grip’ are common, in the use of this Grip each member demonstrates an originality with which the member can be identified as a specific Individual with Individuality.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN IN NATURE: While the Modern Man(Homo sapiens sapiens) and Paleolithic Man( Homo sapiens neanderthalis) NEANDERTHAL have similar skeletal features that contribute to the functional ability called the 'Precision Grip', the distinction between the two can be easily made when they perform functions making use of that Grip. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: While the Modern Man (Homo sapiens, sapiens) and Paleolithic Man (Homo sapiens, neanderthalis) NEANDERTHAL have similar skeletal features that contribute to the functional ability called the ‘Precision Grip’, the distinction between the two can be easily made when they perform functions making use of that Grip. A human artist can be distinguished from a Neanderthal artist.

THE CRO-MAGNON MAN AND THE MODERN MAN:

The Cro-Magnon Man is often described as Prehistoric Man or Early Man who lived 40,000 to 35,000 years ago. The Cro-Magnon is not a species or subspecies and as such is included in the Homo sapiens, sapiens species. However, there are some important differences between the two. The Cro-Magnon Man lived during European Upper Paleolithic Period and the fossil remains were discovered in 1868 in the big cave in Occitan, Southwestern France. During the Upper Paleolithic Period, there is evidence of communal hunting, man-made shelters, rock carvings and paintings and primitive belief systems like Magic and the Supernatural. The Cro-Magnon Man was about 6 feet (180 centimetres) tall, had a high forehead, short, wide face, prominent chin and a brain capacity of 1600 cubic centimetres, larger than the average for Modern Man which is about 1,350 cubic centimetres. He had used flint and bone tools and designed shell and ivory jewelry.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE CRO-MAGNON MAN IS DESCRIBED AS PREHISTORIC MAN. HIS SKULL IS LARGER AND LESS ROUNDED IN SHAPE AS COMPARED TO THE SKULL OF MODERN MAN. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE CRO-MAGNON MAN IS DESCRIBED AS PREHISTORIC MAN. HIS SKULL IS LARGER AND LESS ROUNDED IN SHAPE AS COMPARED TO THE SKULL OF MODERN MAN. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN MAN AND HUMAN CAN BE MADE USING THE EVIDENCE GENERATED BY THE USE OF THE PRECISION GRIP.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE CRO_MAGNON MAN IS DESCRIBED AS EARLY MAN AND HIS SKULL BONES COULD BE EASILY DISTINGUISHED FROM THOSE OF MODERN MAN. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE CRO_MAGNON MAN IS DESCRIBED AS EARLY MAN AND HIS SKULL BONES COULD BE EASILY DISTINGUISHED FROM THOSE OF MODERN MAN. APART FROM THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE SKULL, THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN HUMAN BRAIN AND CRO-MAGNON BRAIN CAN BE MADE BY COMPARING THE ARTISTIC WORKS OF BOTH.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE SKULL OF MODERN MAN IS DIFFERENT IN ITS APPEARANCE AS COMPARED TO THE SKULL OF THE CRO-MAGNON MAN. THE SCIENCE OF FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY HELPS TO ESTABLISH THE IDENTITY OF THE HUMAN INDIVIDUAL WITH VERY HIGH SPECIFICITY. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE SKULL OF MODERN MAN IS DIFFERENT IN ITS APPEARANCE AS COMPARED TO THE SKULL OF THE CRO-MAGNON MAN. THE SCIENCE OF FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY HELPS TO ESTABLISH THE IDENTITY OF THE HUMAN INDIVIDUAL WITH VERY HIGH SPECIFICITY USING SEVERAL IDENTIFICATION MARKINGS OF THE SKULL AND FACIAL BONES.

THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP: MAN vs HUMAN

The Cro-Magnon Man perished and fortunately we have evidence in the form of Prehistoric Art which includes sophisticated polychrome paintings of exquisite design. Magnificent cave paintings were discovered in Southwestern France and Northern Spain.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. LASCAUX CAVE PAINTINGS. Belong to the Aurignacio-Perigordian Period, c. 14,000-c. 13,500 B.C. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. LASCAUX CAVE PAINTINGS. Belong to the Aurignacian-Perigordian Period, c. 14,000 – c. 13,500 B.C. This artist has not provided sufficient evidence to know the artist as a ‘Human’ artist. The object depicted existed in the physical environment that was experienced by the artist.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. MURALS AT ROUFFIGNAC - THE SOLUTREO-MAGDALENIAN PERIOD, c. 14,000-c. 9500 B.C. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. MURALS AT ROUFFIGNAC – THE SOLUTREAN-MAGDALENIAN PERIOD, c. 14,000 – c. 9500 B.C. THIS ARTIST WAS NOT A HUMAN ARTIST AS THE OBJECTS DESCRIBED COULD BE FOUND IN THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT DIRECTLY EXPERIENCED BY THE ARTIST.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. NIAUX CAVE PAINTINGS, c.14,000-c. 9500 B.C., THE SOLUTREO - MAGDALENIAN PERIOD. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. NIAUX CAVE PAINTINGS, c.14,000-c. 9500 B.C., THE SOLUTREAN – MAGDALENIAN PERIOD. THIS ARTIST HAD NOT DEMONSTRATED THE POTENTIAL ABILITY TO MAKE A DRAWING OF AN OBJECT THAT WAS NOT DIRECTLY EXPERIENCED. THESE ANIMALS WERE FOUND IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT EXPERIENCED BY THE ARTIST.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. CAVE PAINTINGS OF ALTAMIRA, SPAIN, c. 14,000-c. 9500 B.C. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. CAVE PAINTINGS OF ALTAMIRA, SPAIN, c. 14,000-c. 9500 B.C. THE USE OF THE PRECISION GRIP IS DEMONSTRATED BY THIS ARTISTIC DRAWING. BUT, THE ARTIST WAS NOT A HUMAN ARTIST WHO HAS THE POTENTIAL ABILITY TO DESCRIBE OBJECTS FOR WHICH THERE COULD BE NO PHYSICAL BASIS.

The painting of pictures on the walls of caves or on the rocks is a definitive evidence of the use of the Precision Grip and yet it does not constitute the evidence for the specific human ability and characteristic called Writing. The purpose of Writing is not simply about communication using written shapes or signs. It requires the development of specific areas of the brain that are associated with human speech. For example, Broca’s area produces verbs, builds sentences, and predicts what people are going to say. The brain area called Wernicke’s Area attaches meanings, images and feelings to sounds and to individual words. Human Speech and Writing has a spiritual attribute with which it can transcend the limitations set by natural boundaries and it extends across the barriers of Time when the thoughts of the dead and the living reach those as yet unborn. A Human Artist has the potential ability to draw and depict objects for which there could be no physical basis in the environment directly experienced by that Artist.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP CANNOT PROVIDE CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE OF THE PURELY HUMAN ABILITY CALLED WRITING. THE CRO-MAGNON MAN HAD APPARENTLY NOT DEVELOPED THE SPECIAL AREAS OF THE BRAIN THAT ARE IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN SPEECH AND WRITING. THE CHIEF AMONG THE BRAIN AREAS OF SPEECH IS BROCA'S AREA - BRAIN'S SPEECH CENTER. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP CANNOT PROVIDE CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE OF THE PURELY HUMAN ABILITY CALLED WRITING. THE CRO-MAGNON MAN HAD APPARENTLY NOT DEVELOPED THE SPECIAL AREAS OF THE BRAIN THAT ARE IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN SPEECH AND WRITING. THE CHIEF AMONG THE BRAIN AREAS OF SPEECH IS BROCA’S AREA – BRAIN’S SPEECH CENTER.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE HANDAXES OF PALEOLITHIC PERIOD. HAND AX APPEARED ABOUT 700,000 YEARS AGO. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE HANDAXES OF PALEOLITHIC PERIOD. HAND AX APPEARED ABOUT 700,000 YEARS AGO. THE USE OF AX DESCRIBES THE POWER GRIP, THE GRASPING ABILITY OF HAND. BOTH HUMANS AND THE PREHISTORIC MAN SHARE THIS CHARACTERISTIC GRASPING ABILITY.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE MESOLITHIC PERIOD(c. 10,000-c. 8000 B.C.) KUNDA TOOLS FOUND IN ESTONIA. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE MESOLITHIC PERIOD (c. 10,000-c. 8000 B.C.) KUNDA TOOLS FOUND IN ESTONIA. THE TYPES OF TOOLS USED GENERALLY HELP US TO KNOW THE ABILITY CALLED DEXTERITY OR THE ABILITY TO MANIPULATE OBJECTS HELD BY THE HAND.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD(c. 8000-c. 3500 B.C.) IS CHARACTERIZED BY POLISHED STONE TOOLS APART FROM POTTERY. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD (c. 8000-c. 3500 B.C.) IS CHARACTERIZED BY POLISHED STONE TOOLS APART FROM POTTERY. THE EVIDENCE FOR A HUMAN ARTIST EMERGES FROM THE DESIGNING OR CRAFTING OF THE TOOLS.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD SHOWS THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF MODERN HUMAN CULTURE APART FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF A VARIETY OF TOOLS BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF BRONZE AGE(c.3500-1000 B.C.) — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD SHOWS THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF MODERN HUMAN CULTURE APART FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF A VARIETY OF TOOLS BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF BRONZE AGE (c.3500-1000 B.C.) ANIMALS CAN BE TRAINED TO USE TOOLS CRAFTED BY MAN. BUT A HUMAN ARTIST INVENTS TOOLS FOR A PURPOSE HE DISCOVERS USING THE POWER OF IMAGINATION.

It is important to make the distinction between the Prehistoric Man and the Modern Man to determine the Status of Man in Nature. The evidence for the Modern Man’s arrival on planet Earth begins in the Mesolithic Period or the Middle Stone Age at the end of the last glacial era, about 10,000 years ago. The Neolithic Period or the New Stone Age is the Old World Cultural Period (c. 8000-c. 3500 B.C.) which is characterized by polished stone tools, pottery, weaving, stock rearing, agriculture, megaliths like the Stonehenge and the first known human writing dates from 6000 B.C.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI(1475-1564), ITALIAN SCULPTOR AND PAINTER WORKED ON THE CEILING OF THE SISTINE CHAPEL FROM 1508 TO 1512 TO CREATE THIS VISION OF PRIMORDIAL HUMANITY FOR WHICH THERE IS NO PHYSICAL BASIS IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF HIS LIFETIME. THIS IS THE EVIDENCE FOR A HUMAN ARTIST. IT DEMONSTRATES THE USE OF PRECISION GRIP, THE HUMAN HAND THAT GRASPED THE PAINTING BRUSH THAT CAN DRAW OBJECTS WITOUT DIRECT EXPERIENCE OF SUCH OBJECTS. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI (1475-1564), ITALIAN SCULPTOR AND PAINTER WORKED ON THE CEILING OF THE SISTINE CHAPEL FROM 1508 TO 1512 TO CREATE THIS VISION OF PRIMORDIAL HUMANITY FOR WHICH THERE IS NO PHYSICAL BASIS IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF HIS LIFETIME. THIS IS THE EVIDENCE FOR A HUMAN ARTIST. IT DEMONSTRATES THE USE OF PRECISION GRIP, THE HUMAN HAND THAT GRASPED THE PAINTING BRUSH THAT CAN DRAW OBJECTS WITHOUT DIRECT EXPERIENCE OF SUCH OBJECTS.

Among animal species, only ‘Humans’ have the spiritual ability to communicate or describe things that may not exist in their immediate, physical environment. A Human Artist has the potential ability to write or depict objects for which there is no direct sensory experience. To make the distinction between the Prehistoric Man and the Modern Man, to discern the difference between Paleolithic Art and Human Art, I want to suggest that only a Human Artist has the potential, spiritual ability to draw and depict objects for which there could be no basis in the physical environment directly experienced by the Artist. To make the equation between Man and Human and to determine the Status of Man in Nature, the use of the Precision Grip provides decisive evidence.

Simon Cyrene

**The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human**. **Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt provide the evidence for the use of Precision Grip with human imagination.**

I am a Refugee. Who is my Refuge? 63rd Tibetan National Uprising Day

**Thursday, March 10, 2022. 63rd Anniversary of Tibetan Uprising Day.**

On Thursday, March 10, 2022, the Living Tibetan Spirits commemorate events of Tibetan Uprising on Tuesday, March 10, 1959.

Tibet Uprising or Tibet Rebellion on Tuesday, March 10, 1959 makes a profound impact on the course of my life’s journey, forcing me to live in exile without refugee status, without asylum protection, and without any entity that can be recognized as a friend.

Thursday, March 10, 2022. 63rd Anniversary of Tibetan Uprising Day: FOR SEVENTY TWO YEARS, TIBETANS ARE LIVING UNDER MILITARY OCCUPATION. WHAT IS TIBET’S FUTURE? HOW TO EVICT THE EVIL RED EMPIRE FROM TIBET?

How to find Hope when the Final Destination remains unknown? Can Patience and Perseverance serve the purpose of Hope for Freedom, Peace, and Justice?

Simon Cyrene

EVENTS LEADING TO THE 1959 TIBETAN UPRISING

Clipped from: https://www.thoughtco.com/the-tibetan-uprising-of-1959-195267

China Forces the Dalai Lama into Exile

The Norbulingka, the Dalai Lama’s Summer Palace in Lhasa, Tibet, which was destroyed by the Chinese Army during the 1959 Tibetan Uprising but later rebuilt. lapin.lapin on Flickr.com

Chinese artillery shells pummeled the Norbulingka, the Dalai Lama’s summer palace, sending plumes of smoke, fire, and dust into the night sky. The centuries-old building crumbled under the barrage, while the badly outnumbered Tibetan Army fought desperately to repel the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) from Lhasa…

Meanwhile, amidst the snows of the high Himalaya, the teenaged Dalai Lama and his bodyguards endured a cold and treacherous two-week-long journey into India.

Origins of the Tibetan Uprising of 1959

Tibet had an ill-defined relationship with China’s Qing Dynasty (1644-1912); at various times it could have been an ally, an opponent, a tributary state, or a region within Chinese control.

In 1724, during a Mongol invasion of Tibet, the Qing seized the opportunity to incorporate the Tibetan regions of Amdo and Kham into China proper. The central area was renamed Qinghai, while pieces of both regions were broken off and added to other western Chinese provinces. This land grab would fuel Tibetan resentment and unrest into the twentieth century.

When the last Qing Emperor fell in 1912, Tibet asserted its independence from China. The 13th Dalai Lama returned from three years of exile in Darjeeling, India, and resumed control of Tibet from his capital at Lhasa. He ruled until his death in 1933.

China, meanwhile, was under siege from a Japanese invasion of Manchuria, as well as a general breakdown of order across the country.

Between 1916 and 1938, China descended into the “Warlord Era,” as different military leaders fought for control of the headless state. In fact, the once-great empire would not pull itself back together until after World War II, when Mao Zedong and the Communists triumphed over the Nationalists in 1949.

Meanwhile, a new incarnation of the Dalai Lama was discovered in Amdo, part of Chinese “Inner Tibet.” Tenzin Gyatso, the current incarnation, was brought to Lhasa as a two-year-old in 1937 and was enthroned as the leader of Tibet in 1950, at 15.

China Moves in and Tensions Rise

In 1950, Mao’s gaze turned west. He decided to “liberate” Tibet from the Dalai Lama’s rule and bring it into the People’s Republic of China. The PLA crushed Tibet’s tiny armed forces in a matter of weeks; Beijing then imposed the Seventeen Point Agreement, which Tibetan officials were forced to sign (but later renounced).

According to the Seventeen Point Agreement, privately-held land would be socialized and then redistributed, and farmers would work communally. This system would first be imposed on Kham and Amdo (along with other areas of the Sichuan and Qinghai Provinces), before being instituted in Tibet proper.

All the barley and other crops produced on the communal land went to the Chinese government, according to Communist principles, and then some was redistributed to the farmers. So much of the grain was appropriated for use by the PLA that the Tibetans did not have enough to eat.

By June of 1956, the ethnic Tibetan people of Amdo and Kham were up in arms.

As more and more farmers were stripped of their land, tens of thousands organized themselves into armed resistance groups and began to fight back. Chinese army reprisals grew increasingly brutal and included wide-spread abuse of Tibetan Buddhist monks and nuns. (China alleged that many of the monastic Tibetans acted as messengers for the guerrilla fighters.)

The Dalai Lama visited India in 1956 and admitted to Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru that he was considering asking for asylum. Nehru advised him to return home, and the Chinese Government promised that communist reforms in Tibet would be postponed and that the number of Chinese officials in Lhasa would be reduced by half. Beijing did not follow through on these pledges.

By 1958, as many as 80,000 people had joined the Tibetan resistance fighters.

Alarmed, the Dalai Lama’s government sent a delegation to Inner Tibet to try and negotiate an end to the fighting. Ironically, the guerrillas convinced the delegates of the righteousness of the fight, and Lhasa’s representatives soon joined in the resistance!

Meanwhile, a flood of refugees and freedom fighters moved into Lhasa, bringing their anger against China with them. Beijing’s representatives in Lhasa kept careful tabs on the growing unrest within Tibet’s capital city.

March 1959 – The Uprising Erupts in Tibet Proper

Important religious leaders had disappeared suddenly in Amdo and Kham, so the people of Lhasa were quite concerned about the safety of the Dalai Lama. The people’s suspicions therefore were raised immediately when the Chinese Army in Lhasa invited His Holiness to watch a drama at the military barracks on March 10, 1959. Those suspicions were reinforced by a none-too-subtle order, issued to the head of the Dalai Lama’s security detail on March 9, that the Dalai Lama should not bring along his bodyguards.

On the appointed day, March 10, some 300,000 protesting Tibetans poured into the streets and formed a massive human cordon around Norbulingka, the Dalai Lama’s Summer Palace, to protect him from the planned Chinese abduction. The protestors stayed for several days, and calls for the Chinese to pull out of Tibet altogether grew louder each day. By March 12, the crowd had begun to barricade the streets of the capital, while both armies moved into strategic positions around the city and began to reinforce them.

Ever the moderate, the Dalai Lama pleaded with his people to go home and sent placatory letters to the Chinese PLA commander in Lhasa.

When the PLA moved artillery into range of the Norbulingka, the Dalai Lama agreed to evacuate the building. Tibetan troops prepared a secure escape route out of the besieged capital on March 15. When two artillery shells struck the palace two days later, the young Dalai Lama and his ministers began the arduous 14-day trek over the Himalayas for India.

On March 19, 1959, fighting broke out in earnest in Lhasa. The Tibetan army fought bravely, but they were vastly outnumbered by the PLA. In addition, the Tibetans had antiquated weapons.

The firefight lasted just two days. The Summer Palace, Norbulingka, sustained over 800 artillery shell strikes that killed an unknown number of people inside; the major monasteries were bombed, looted and burned. Priceless Tibetan Buddhist texts and works of art were piled in the streets and burned. All remaining members of the Dalai Lama’s bodyguard corps were lined up and publicly executed, as were any Tibetans discovered with weapons. In all, some 87,000 Tibetans were killed, while another 80,000 arrived in neighboring countries as refugees. An unknown number tried to flee but did not make it.

In fact, by the time of the next regional census, a total of about 300,000 Tibetans were “missing” – killed, secretly jailed, or gone into exile.

Aftermath of the 1959 Tibetan Uprising

Since the 1959 Uprising, the central government of China has been steadily tightening its grip on the Tibet.

Although Beijing has invested in infrastructure improvements for the region, particularly in Lhasa itself, it has also encouraged thousands of ethnic Han Chinese to move to Tibet. In fact, Tibetans have been swamped in their own capital; they now constitute a minority of the population of Lhasa.

Today, the Dalai Lama continues to head the Tibetan government-in-exile from Dharamshala, India. He advocates increased autonomy for Tibet, rather than full independence, but Chinese government generally refuses to negotiate with him.

Periodic unrest still sweeps through Tibet, especially around important dates such as March 10 to 19 – the anniversary of the 1959 Tibetan Uprising.

Your Citation

Szczepanski, Kallie. “The Tibetan Uprising of 1959.” ThoughtCo, Feb. 6, 2017, thoughtco.com/the-tibetan-uprising-of-1959-195267. Szczepanski, Kallie. (2017, February 6). The Tibetan Uprising of 1959. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-tibetan-uprising-of-1959-195267

The Celebration of Two-Two. Who are You at age Two-Two?

**Happy Twosday on Tuesday, February 22, 2022. I joined Two-Two after getting Commission at age Twenty-Two.**

22/02/2022: Today is Happy Twosday, and it’s both a palindrome and an ambigram

**Happy Twosday on Tuesday. The date on 22nd February 2022 is both a palindrome and an ambigram. The date reads the same from left to right, from right to left AND upside down. Photograph:( Twitter )**

The world will reach a historic milestone on February 22.It’s the date itself: February 22nd, 2022.This is an ambigram as well as a rare palindrome. Only a few dates on the calendar are extremely rare numerically. Such dates are usually accurate over a long period of time. Today is one of those occasions.

The date forms a palindrome and an ambigram when written in the British style on 22/02/2022, a pattern that is unique and extremely unusual. This implies it may be read in any direction, including backwards and upside down.

Personal Number: MS-8466. Rank: Captain. Name: R Rudra Narasimham, Branch: Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission. Unit: Headquarters Establishment Number. 22, C/O 56 APO. Designation: Medical Officer. Organization: SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE. Joined Two-Two after getting Commission at age Twenty-Two.

**Happy Twosday on Tuesday, February 22, 2022. I belong to Two-Two and I joined Two-Two on September 22 after getting Commission at age Twenty-Two.**

At age twenty-two, I got Commission in the Indian Army Medical Corps giving me the opportunity to serve in a top-secret military Establishment Number. 22 which is popularly identified as Two-Two. I joined Two-Two on September 22 making it a Special Day of my life.

Who are You at age Two-Two?

I ask my readers to share their images at age Twenty-Two.

**Happy Twosday on Tuesday, 22/02/2022. I joined Two-Two after getting Commission at age Twenty-Two**.

Whole Dude – Whole Burden

The Debt Burden imposed by President Clinton

Presidents’ Day is a federal holiday celebrated on the third Monday in February; Presidents’ Day 2022 occurs on Monday, February 21.

Originally established in 1885 in recognition of President George Washington, the holiday became popularly known as Presidents’ Day after it was moved as part of 1971’s Uniform Monday Holiday Act, an attempt to create more three-day weekends for the nation’s workers. While several states still have individual holidays honoring the birthdays of Washington, Abraham Lincoln and other figures, Presidents’ Day is now popularly viewed as a day to celebrate all U.S. presidents, past and present.

The story of Presidents’ Day date begins in 1800. Following the death of George Washington in 1799, his February 22 birthday became a perennial day of remembrance.

The Uniform Monday Holiday Act also included a provision to combine the celebration of Washington’s birthday with that of Abraham Lincoln, which fell on February 12. Lincoln’s Birthday had long been a state holiday in places like Illinois, and many supported joining the two days as a way of giving equal recognition to two of America’s most famous statesmen.

Washington and Lincoln still remain the two most recognized leaders, but Presidents’ Day is now popularly seen as a day to recognize the lives and achievements of all of America’s chief executives. Some lawmakers have objected to this view, arguing that grouping George Washington and Abraham Lincoln together with less successful presidents minimizes their legacies.

In its modern form, Presidents’ Day is used by many patriotic and historical groups as a date for staging celebrations, reenactments and other events. A number of states also require that their public schools spend the days leading up to Presidents’ Day teaching students about the accomplishments of the presidents, often with a focus on the lives of Washington and Lincoln.

**Whole Dude – Whole Burden: Presidents’ Day 2022. The Nation must wake up to the reality of the Clinton Curse. Presidential Term: January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001**

On Monday, February 21, 2022, while celebrating the Presidents’ Day, I remind the Nation about the legacy of William Jefferson Clinton, the 42nd US President. Bill Clinton’s Presidential Term: January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001.

1995-1999

Outstanding debt in 1995: $4.97 trillion

Debt adjusted for inflation: $8.39 trillion

Outstanding debt in 1999: $5.66 trillion

Debt adjusted for inflation: $8.72 trillion

Change in debt between 1995-1999: 13.72%
Change in debt adjusted for inflation: $337.54 billion

2000-2004

Outstanding debt in 2000: $5.67 trillion
- Debt adjusted for inflation: $8.47 trillion
Outstanding debt in 2004: $7.38 trillion
- Debt adjusted for inflation: $10.04 trillion

Change in debt between 2000-2004: 30.05%
Change in debt adjusted for inflation: $1.57 trillion

Bill Clinton rejected the Promises of Prosperity and embraced the Curses of Indebtedness the LORD imposed for acts of Disobedience.

U.S. National Debt Clock February 2022

An Overview of the United States National Debt

The Current Outstanding Public Debt of the United States is:

$27,752,835,868,445.35

Last Updated: Monday, February 21st, 2022

Which Foreign governments own the most U.S. debt?

Answer: Here is the Top 10 (as of Sep/2019)

1. Japan, $1145.8 billion dollars
2. China, Mainland, $1102.4 billion dollars
3. All Other, $484.8 billion dollars
4. United Kingdom, $346.2 billion dollars
5. Brazil, $301.2 billion dollars
6. Ireland, $274.1 billion dollars
7. Luxembourg, $252.5 billion dollars
8. Cayman Islands, $238.7 billion dollars
9. Switzerland, $231.3 billion dollars
10. Hong Kong, $224.2 billion dollars

Of the $5.1 trillion dollars of US debt that is owned by foreign governments, China and Japan own nearly half, as evidenced by this chart:

America’s national debt surpasses $30 trillion for the first time

Skyrocketing pile of debt

The federal government now owes almost $8 trillion to foreign and international investors, led by Japan and China. Eventually, that will need to be paid back, with interest.

“That means American taxpayers will be paying for the retirement of the people in China and Japan, who are our creditors,” said Kelly.

The $30 trillion national debt figure is somewhat inflated by the fact that a chunk of the money is owed by the government to itself. This is debt held in Social Security and other government trust funds. So-called intragovernmental holdings total more than $6 trillion.

The United States must reflect upon the actions of the 42nd President that violate the LORD’ s Commandments. The Welfare Reform Act of 1996 enacted by President Bill Clinton reintroduced Slavery into the United States nullifying President Abraham Lincoln’s Proclamation that abolished Slavery.

**Whole Dude – Whole Burden: Presidents’ Day 2022. The Nation must wake up to the reality of the Clinton Curse. A Balanced Budget vs Foreign Debt.**

My Indian Army Service from September 1969 to January 1984 keeps on marching in the Republic Day Parade

Bharat Mata Ki Jai Wallpaper Group - Bharat Mata Photo Hd Download (#1208193) - HD Wallpaper & Backgrounds Download — **Bharat Darshan: The Celebration of 73rd Republic Day. Jai Hind, Bharat Mata Ki Jai.** **I served in the Indian Army Medical Corps (AMC) from September 1969 to January 1984.**

Bharat Darshan: The Celebration of 73rd Republic Day. Jai Hind, Bharat Mata Ki Jai. The Army Ordnance Corps contingent. I served in the Army Ordnance Corps Centre, Secunderabad from December 1978 to January 1984.

**Lieutenant Manisha Bohra of the Army Ordnance Corps became the first woman to lead its all-male contingent as they marched in the Republic Day parade on Wednesday, January 26, 2022.**

**Flight Lieutenant Shivangi Singh is the first woman fighter pilot on the Rafale combat aircraft. She was seen at the Indian Air Force (IAF) tableau today, making our hearts swell with pride.**

**Lieutenant Commander Aanchal Sharma was seen leading the Indian Navy contingent at the Republic Day parade today.**

**Lieutenant Preeti led the Indian Navy tableau at the Republic Day Parade, alongside Lt Mayank Bhagour.**

**The Seema Bhawani motorcycle team of the BSF left everyone in awe today as they put on a spectacular display of strength.**

**Bharat Darshan. The celebration of 73rd Republic Day. The Rajput Regiment.**

**Bharat Darshan. The celebration of 73rd Republic Day. The Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry Regiment.**

**Bharat Darshan. The celebration of 73rd Republic Day. JAK Light Infantry Regiment.**

**SIKH Light Infantry contingent takes part in the Republic Day parade at Rajpath. Army Chief General MM Naravane is the present Col. of the regiment.**

**Bharat Darshan. The celebration of 73rd Republic Day. The Sikh Light Infantry Regiment.**

**The Assam Regiment contingent marches down the Rajpath on Republic Day. This contingent comprises troops from all seven North Eastern States. It has been a three-time winner of Republic Day Parade.**

**Bharat Darshan. The celebration of 73rd Republic Day Parade. The Parachute Regiment.**

**Bharat Darshan. The celebration of 73rd Republic Day. I served in the First Armoured Division, Black Elephant Divisional Badge from May 1976 to December 1978.**

**Bharat Darshan. The celebration of 73rd Republic Day. I served in First Armoured Division (Black Elephant Divisional Badge)** **from May 1976 to December 1978.**

Bharat Mata Ki Jai! — **Bharat Darshan: The Celebration of 73rd Republic Day. Jai Hind, Bharat Mata Ki Jai, Vande Mataram, Salutations to Mother India.**

Bharat Darshan: The Celebration of 73rd Republic Day. Jai Hind, Bharat Mata Ki Jai. The Republic Day Parade keeps alive the memories of my Service in the Indian Army from September 1969 to January 1984.

My Connection to Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The Nehru-Indira Legacy Lives

**January 19 brings back the memories of my connection to Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.**

On January 19, 1966, Indira Gandhi became the third Prime Minister of India. She had married Feroze Gandhy or Feroze Gandhi born into a Parsi family. Feroze Gandhi was a Member of India’s First Parliament and had won elections to the Parliament in 1952 and 1957 from Rai Bareilly Constituency in Uttar Pradesh State. January 19 brings back the memories of my connection to Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

On January 19, 1966 I was a student at Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India. The appointment of Indira Gandhi as Prime Minister delighted my nationalist sentiment. I immediately sent her a letter of congratulations. She graciously responded to the same. During June 1967, I had the opportunity to meet her at her official residence in New Delhi along with a group of college students participating in a National Student Seminar on National Integration. I was granted Short Service Regular Commission in the Indian Army Medical Corps in the rank of Second Lieutenant during September 1969 while I was still studying in Kurnool Medical College. My career in the Indian Army Medical Corps began in 1969 and concluded on January 10, 1984, during the years she was Prime Minister of India.

Simon Cyrene

Prime Minister Indira Gandhi with Sheikh Mujib -ur-Rehman, Prime Minister of Bangladesh at the Palam airport, prior to latter’s departure on April 11, 1974. January 19 brings back the memories of my connection to Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. From 1971 to 1974, apart from initiating the Liberation of Bangladesh with military action in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, I took part in the effort to train Bangladeshi nationals to provide personal protection to Bangladesh Prime Minister.

INDIRA GANDHI BECOMES INDIAN PRIME MINISTER – JANUARY 19, 1966

Clipped from: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/indira-gandhi-becomes-indian-prime-minister?

1966

Following the death of Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi becomes head of the Congress Party and thus Prime Minister of India. She was India’s first female head of government and by the time of her assassination in 1984 was one of its most controversial.

Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of the independent Republic of India. She became a national political figure in 1955, when she was elected to the executive body of the Congress Party. In 1959, she served as president of the party and in 1964 was appointed to an important post in Lal Bahadur Shastri’s ruling government. Soon after becoming Prime Minister, Gandhi was challenged by the right wing of the Congress Party, and in the 1967 election she won only a narrow victory and thus had to rule with a deputy prime minister.

In 1971, she won a resounding reelection victory over the opposition and became the undisputed leader of India. That year, she ordered India’s invasion of Pakistan in support of the creation of Bangladesh, which won her greater popularity and led her New Congress Party to a landslide victory in national elections in 1972.

During the next few years, she presided over increasing civil unrest brought on by food shortages, inflation, and regional disputes. Her administration was criticized for its strong-arm tactics in dealing with these problems. Meanwhile, charges by the Socialist Party that she had defrauded the 1971 election led to a national scandal. In 1975, the High Court in Allahabad convicted her of a minor election infraction and banned her from politics for six years. In response, she declared a state of emergency throughout India, imprisoned thousands of political opponents, and restricted personal freedoms in the country. Among several unpopular programs during this period was the forced sterilization of men and women as a means of controlling population growth.

In 1977, long-postponed national elections were held, and Gandhi and her party were swept from office. The next year, Gandhi’s supporters broke from the Congress Party and formed the Congress (I) Party, with the “I” standing for “Indira.” Later in 1978, she was briefly imprisoned for official corruption. Soon after the ruling Janata Party fell apart, the Congress (I) Party, with Indira as its head, won a spectacular election victory in 1980, and Gandhi was again Prime Minister.

In the early 1980s, several regional states intensified their call for greater autonomy from New Delhi, and the Sikh secessionist movement in Punjab resorted to violence and terrorism. In 1984, the Sikh leaders set up base in their sacred Golden Temple in Amritsar. Gandhi responded by sending the Indian army in, and hundreds of Sikhs were killed in the government assault. In retaliation, Sikh members of Gandhi’s own bodyguard gunned her down on the grounds of her home on October 31, 1984. She was succeeded by her son, Rajiv Gandhi.