Whole Species – Whole Dude

Whole Bias – Whole Dude at Whole Foods exposes the Selection Bias inherent in the Selection Process of Research Study by Michigan Medicine

University of Michigan and Michigan Medicine must reject the concept of Race and Ethnicity to describe Asian/Indian Identity

As a research participant, Whole Dude investigates the problem of Selection Bias in the Selection Process used by the Research Investigator at University of Michigan. The Selection Bias is inherent in the Selection process for it is gathering information of its human subjects outsides the boundaries of the declared purpose of the Study.

The Problem of Selection Bias – Disparities by Race and Ethnicity among adults recruited for a Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease Trial at Michigan Medicine

Whole Foods-Whole Inspiration-Whole Language

Excerpt: As a research participant, Whole Dude investigates the problem of Selection Bias in the Selection Process used by the Research Investigator at University of Michigan. The Selection Bias is inherent in the Selection process for it is gathering information of its human subjects outsides the boundaries of the declared purpose of the Study.

Informed Consent For the Michigan Medicine AHEAD 3-45 Study Screening Procedures

On Tuesday, December 05, 2023, Whole Dude signed the Informed Consent Form for the AHEAD 3-45 Study Screening Procedures. Reference: UM eResearch ID: HUM00178622; NIA & Eisai Inc. / Protocol Number BAN2401-G000-303

I was informed about an Institutional Review Board (IRB) and was instructed to contact the Study Subject Adviser, Advarra IRB to report my concerns or complaints regarding this research study. I contacted Advarra IRB on December 28 to share my concerns about my exclusion from the study due to the problem of Selection Bias. The following is a copy of that communication sent to the Study Subject Adviser:

Dear Study Subject Adviser,

REFERENCE NUMBER: Pro00041484

As a research participant, I am investigating the problem of Selection Bias in the Selection Process used by the Research Investigator at University of Michigan.

I am informed that I am excluded from further participation in this Study and I want to verify the results of the blood and urine samples I provided on December 05, 2023 to ascertain the fact of my exclusion from the Study is consistent with the Research Protocol for which I have given my written consent.

In any case, I shall hold University of Michigan to its primary responsibility to share the lab test results for it has issued me a Medical Registration Number and informed me about this Hospital Appointment and provided me the assurance that the lab results will be shared with the patient.

Whole Dude investigates Whole Bias at Michigan Medicine

University of Michigan and Michigan Medicine must reject the concept of Race and Ethnicity to describe Asian/Indian Identity

Selection bias refers to systematic differences between baseline characteristics of the groups that are compared. The unique strength of randomization is that, if successfully accomplished, it prevents selection bias in allocating interventions to participants. Its success in this respect depends on fulfilling several interrelated processes. A rule for allocating interventions to participants must be specified, based on some chance (random) process. We call this sequence generation. Furthermore, steps must be taken to secure strict implementation of that schedule of random assignments by preventing foreknowledge of the forthcoming allocations. This process if often termed allocation concealment, although could more accurately be described as allocation sequence concealment. Thus, one suitable method for assigning interventions would be to use a simple random (and therefore unpredictable) sequence, and to conceal the upcoming allocations from those involved in enrolment into the trial.

University of Michigan and Michigan Medicine must learn that there is no human race called Indian

Excerpt: The Michigan Medicine AHEAD study is examining the efficacy of a medication aimed at preventing Alzheimer’s Disease in individuals at increased risk of developing the disease. The study has, however, faced criticism regarding its focus on years of schooling and its lack of a research protocol to verify the identity and individuality of the human organism. Critics assert that biological processes like the flow of biological information and protein synthesis are not influenced by education level and that individuality should not be tied to factors such as race and ethnicity. The conceptualization of “life as knowledge in action” and that it is an interplay of cellular function and knowledge must be explored.

The following is a copy of the automated response sent by Advarra Adviser (IRB)

From: Advarra Adviser

Thank you for your email. Advarra offices will be closing at 3pm Friday, December 22nd and will be closed through Monday January 1, 2023 for our Holiday Break. Emails sent during this time will be addressed the following business day, Tuesday, January 2nd.

Please note – questions regarding:

*Compensation

*Scheduling

*Test Results

*Study equipment

*Consent form questions

*Enrolling or withdrawing from a studyShould be discussed directly with the research staff. The research staff contact information can be found on the first page of the consent form.

My reply to the automated response sent by Advarra Adviser (IRB):

Thanks for your email. My concern is about the research protocol for which the research scientist obtained my written consent. I am not asking you about the Consent Form Questions. I am asking you to verify the legitimacy of the Research Project to ask the Questions on the Consent Form. Firstly, the AHEAD Study did not disclose that the Study is constructed on the basis of creating a profile information of each research subject. Secondly, the Questions asked have no scientific validity; the information provided has no relevance to the study of this investigational drug. It seems that there is some other agenda is at work to use this research to gather information about research subjects without any concern for the randomization of the selection of research subjects.

The Selection Bias is inherent in the Selection process for it is gathering information of its human subjects outsides the boundaries of the declared purpose of the Study.

The AHEAD Study is researching the safety and effectiveness of an investigational medication in people who might be at increased risk for developing memory loss associated with Alzheimer’s Disease. The study is looking for participants age 55-80 years old, who have generally normal memory function in daily life, and who are not being treated for memory problems. For individuals age 55-64 years old, an additional risk factor is required, such as a parent or sibling with Alzheimer’s Disease or previous biomarker testing showing increased risk for developing Alzheimer’s Disease. This study sees participants in Ann Arbor. Contact Lauren Mackenzie at spearsl@med.umich.edu or 734-232-2415.

On Tuesday, December 05, 2023, at the Michigan Clinical Research Unit (MCRU) at the Cardiovascular Center (CVC), I was interviewed for participating in the AHEAD Study and I completed the Stage 1A of the Screening process. I am asked to provide information about the most important occupation of my life, my sexual orientation, my race and ethnicity, my place of birth and the country of origin, the total number of years I spent in the School to register my personal identity for participation in the Medical Research Project. The Research Protocol has not identified the basis for discovering the identity of a multicellular human organism. I can answer the questions I am asked. Do I have the ability to communicate my answers to the cells of my own body and reflect that identity in the living functions they perform to keep me alive?

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Plasma Biomarker Eligibility in a Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease Trial

December 2023
Alzheimer’s & dementia: the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association19(S24)

DOI:10.1002/alz.083020

Authors: Doris P. Molina-Henry, Rema Raman, Andy Lou, Oliver Langford and others, University of Southern California

Abstract:

Background: In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) trials, differential screen failure due to cognitive and biomarker requirements may contribute to underrepresentation of racially and ethnically minoritized groups. The AHEAD 3‐45 Study (NCT04468659) is an ongoing program testing lecanemab at the stage of preclinical AD that utilizes plasma biomarker prescreening, acquired before cognitive, clinical, and medical history eligibility assessments, to enrich for participants likely to qualify based on amyloid PET eligibility criteria. Methods: We examined the frequency of plasma amyloid biomarker eligibility among racial and ethnic groups in the AHEAD Study. We assigned participants ages 55‐80 to mutually exclusive groups: Hispanic Black (HB), Hispanic White (HW), Non‐Hispanic Asian (NHA), Non‐Hispanic Black (NHB), and Non‐Hispanic White (NHW). We used univariate logistic regression models to explore group differences in screen failure rates as determined by an algorithm that includes the plasma Aβ 42/40 ratio, age, and APOE status. The algorithm indicates an adequately high probability of elevated brain amyloid (>20 centiloids). We further explored whether APOE ε4 status (carrier vs non‐carrier) contributed to group differences. Results Among 4274 participants undergoing plasma screening, 59 (1.4%) were HB, 622 (14.6%) were HW, 74 (1.73%) were NHA, 329 (7.7%) were NHB, and 3190 (74.6%) were NHW. Screen failure rates were 86% for HB, 76% for HW; 80% for NHA; 77% for NHB, and 62% for NHW. Using NHW participants as a reference group, we observed increased odds of screen failure among all other groups (HB OR = 4.0 95% CI 2.0, 9.1; HW OR = 2.0 95% CI 1.6, 2.4; NHA OR = 2.5 95% CI 1.4, 4.5; NHB OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.6, 2.7). Observed differences were consistent across APOE ε4 carriers and non‐carriers. Conclusion: Differential rates of amyloid eligibility were observed despite the lack of systematic sample bias due to clinical or cognitive requirements observed in previous studies. Potential explanations for these observations include differences in clinical trial access, incidences of elevated amyloid, needed cutoffs for biomarker assays, and confounding due to comorbidities or other unmeasured covariates. This work is supported by a public‐private partnership between Alzheimer’s Clinical Trial Consortium (U24 AG057437) and Eisai.

Disparities by Race and Ethnicity Among Adults Recruited for a Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Trial

Rema Raman, PhD¹; Yakeel T. Quiroz, PhD^2,3; Oliver Langford, MS¹; et al

Key Points

Question: Are there racial/ethnic differences associated with recruitment sources and reasons for ineligibility among preclinical Alzheimer disease clinical trial participants?

Findings: In this cross-sectional study of screening data for 5945 participants from a preclinical Alzheimer disease trial, Black, Hispanic, and Asian participants were recruited from local efforts compared with White participants who were recruited from more distributed efforts. Adjusted analysis showed that underrepresented racial/ethnic communities were more likely to be ineligible after the first screening visit.

Meaning: These findings suggest that there are racial and ethnic disparities in preclinical AD clinical trial enrollment that will require a comprehensive approach to study design and recruitment strategies to minimize disproportionate enrollment.

Abstract

Importance: Underrepresentation of many racial/ethnic groups in Alzheimer disease (AD) clinical trials limits generalizability of results and hinders opportunities to examine potential effect modification of candidate treatments.

Whole Dude experiences Whole Bias: Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan reveal their ignorance of the term called Race. There is no Race of People called Indian. However, several Indians, Iranians and Germans celebrate their Aryan Race heritage. I ask Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan to share its educational experience and publish its Theory of Man

University of Michigan and Michigan Medicine must learn that there is no human race called Indian

The AHEAD Study Research Protocol has not identified the basis for discovering the identity of a multicellular human organism. I can answer the questions I am asked. Do I have the ability to communicate my answers to the cells of my own body and reflect that identity in the living functions they perform to keep me alive?

Whole Dude at Whole Foods rejects the concept of race and ethnicity to identify the Anatomically Modern Man called Homo sapiens sapiens

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE HUMAN SPECIES: THE GERMAN PHYSIOLOGIST, COMPARATIVE ANATOMIST, AND SCHOLAR, JOHANN FRIEDRICH BLUMENBACH(1752-1840) IS RECOGNIZED AS THE FATHER OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY. HE SHOWED THE VALUE OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY IN THE STUDY OF MAN'S HISTORY. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES: THE GERMAN PHYSIOLOGIST, COMPARATIVE ANATOMIST, AND SCHOLAR, JOHANN FRIEDRICH BLUMENBACH (1752-1840) IS RECOGNIZED AS THE FATHER OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY. HE SHOWED THE VALUE OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY IN THE STUDY OF MAN’S HISTORY.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE HUMAN SPECIES: BLUMENBACH HAD A COLLECTION OF 60 HUMAN CRANIUMS AND HE PROPOSED ONE OF THE EARLIEST CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE RACES OF MANKIND USING COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. — **SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES: BLUMENBACH HAD A COLLECTION OF 60 HUMAN SKULLS AND HE PROPOSED ONE OF THE EARLIEST CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE RACES OF MANKIND USING COMPARATIVE ANATOMY.**

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach is recognized as the Father of Physical Anthropology for his work De Generis Humani Varietate Nativa (1775-76). His research in the measurement of human skulls led him to divide mankind into five great families; Caucasian, Mongolian, Malayan, Ethiopian, and American. Human Species may include varieties that can be grouped into Races by using some common morphological traits.

University of Michigan and Michigan Medicine fail to provide the scientific basis for the racial classification it uses.

Whole Dude at Whole Foods applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity

**Whole Dude ant Whole Foods applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity.**

In 1965, while Whole Dude was a student of Human Anatomy at Kurnool Medical College had the opportunity to know about Dr. J. C. B. Grant (1886-1973), the author of Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy. The 5th Edition of his Atlas was published in 1962 and was available in India in our Medical College Library.

Born in Loanhead (south of Edinburgh) in 1886, Grant studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh Medical School and graduated with an M.B., Ch.B. degree in 1908. While at Edinburgh, he worked under the renowned anatomist Daniel John Cunningham.

badge, headdress, British, Royal Army Medical Corps (INS 8067) Brass cap badge of the rod of Aesculapius with a serpent entwined round it, head uppermost and looking left, all within a laurel wreath. Above, an Imperial (King’s) crown and below, a scroll bearing ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS. Slider to reverse. Copyright: � IWM. Original Source: http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30078877

Grant became a decorated serviceman of the Royal Army Medical Corps during the First World War before moving to Canada. He established himself as an ‘anatomist extraordinary’ at the University of Toronto, publishing three textbooks that form the basis of Grant’s Anatomy. The textbooks are still used in anatomy classes today, and made unforgettable memories for those who found themselves in his classes nearly a century ago. One of Grant’s many accomplishments was establishing a division of histology within the department.

**Whole Dude at Whole Foods applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity**

As a medical student, Whole Dude used Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy, the seminal work of Scottish-born Dr. John Charles Boileau Grant, who would become the chair of Anatomy at the University of Toronto in 1930 and retired in 1965.

John Charles Boileau Grant (1886–1973)

The author of Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy (1943), Grant used to train thousands of medical students around the world. He came to University of Toronto’s Faculty of Medicine from University of Manitoba (and previously Edinburgh), and was Chair of the Department of Anatomy there from 1930 to 1965. Although he is best known for this famous atlas, his research and teaching also included biological anthropology, as evidenced by such work as Anthropometry of the Cree and Saulteaux Indians in Northeastern Manitoba (Archaeological Survey of Canada 1929). The human skeletal collection he formed, the “J.C.B. Grant Collection,” is still a core collection for human osteology in the Department of Anthropology at University of Toronto. He is also remembered in the Grant’s Museum at the Medical Sciences Building at the University of Toronto. This museum, with its displays of anatomical specimens, many of which were dissected by Grant himself, continues to be used in an active learning environment by more than 1000 students each year.

Students continue to use Grant’s textbooks today, and for the more artistic anatomist there’s even a Grant’s Anatomy Coloring Book, published in 2018.

At the University of Toronto, Dr.McMurrich, Chair of Anatomy was succeeded as chairman in 1930 by Dr. John Charles Boileau Grant. Dr. Grant wrote three text books, of which “An Atlas of Anatomy” (published in 1943) rapidly gained international prominence and is still, one of the most widely used anatomical atlases in the world. It is now known as “Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy” and is in its tenth edition. The atlas was based on a series of elegant dissections done either by Grant or by others under his supervision. Many of these dissections are currently housed in Grant’s Museum at the University of Toronto.

The Whole Dude-Grant Connection is about knowing the man, the building blocks and the structural units and organization of the human body. To defend the human existence, the Whole Dude-Grant Connection lays the emphasis on knowing the person who is at risk apart from knowing the agent posing the risk.

The Identity of Multicellular Human Organism:

Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy provides Whole Dude the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems.

Daniel John Cunningham was born on 15 April 1850 in Scotland. After his initial schooling at his home town, Crieff, he took up the study of medicine at the University of Edinburgh and passed with honours. He is best known for the excellent series of dissection manuals, namely Cunningham’s Dissection Manuals. Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy provides Whole Dude the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems.

Whole Dude learned the truths about the living human body and about Life while dissecting the dead human bodies in a systematic manner. The Manual of Practical Anatomy which guides us through this entire process was published in England. The author Dr. Daniel John Cunningham prepared the Manual while dissecting cadavers of British or Irish citizens. He had never encountered cadavers of Indian citizens. At Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India, where Whole Dude was a student, the Department of Anatomy obtains dead bodies from Government General Hospital Kurnool and most of the deceased are the poor, and illiterate people of that region. None of the deceased had the chance to know this man called Cunningham and Cunningham had no knowledge about the existence of these people who arrive on our dissection tables. But, as the dissection of the human body proceeds, inch, by inch, we recognize the anatomical parts as described by Cunningham. The manual also lists some anatomical variations and we very often exchange information between various dissection tables and recognize the variations mentioned. The dissections also involve slicing the organs and studying them, both macroscopically, and microscopically. We did not miss any part of the human body.

So what is the Identity of this Human person or Human subject? How does the living Human organism maintain its Identity and Individuality? Apart from the Cultural Traditions of India, several Schools of Religious Thought claim that the Human Individual and its Identity is represented by Human Soul. Where does this soul exist in the human body? What is the location if the soul is present in the living person? Does man have a soul? How does the human organism acquires Knowledge about its own structures and the functions they perform?

How does the multicellular human organism recognizes its own Identity and Individuality?

The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity. A brief glance at the face is enough for most people to identify one another. Face recognition is a basic feature of human identity and recognition.

A brief glance at the face is enough for most people to identify one another. However, man does not exist with the same identity during the course of his life. The word identity describes the condition or fact of being a specific person. Identification is the process by which a person can be identified in an accurate and consistent manner. The morphological or the external appearance of a person is subject to constant changes and it differs in a significant manner during the various stages of life such as infancy, boyhood, adulthood, and old age. The term individuality describes the sum of the characteristics or qualities that set one person apart from others. The condition of being individual, or different from others establishes the indivisibility of man. Man is unique, original, one kind of person who has not existed before and would not also exist in future even when he shares the same identical genome. Two identical twins could be correctly identified as two different individuals. I had proposed the Law of Individuality and Creation which claims that man exists as Individual and has no choice in this conditioned nature of subjective physical existence in the world. Man can only exist as Individual with Individuality.

The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity. If Identity described by the Phenotype establishes one face of the Coin, the Individuality describes the second face of the same coin and is established by the Genotype. While being the same, the Genotype presents the Individual with varying features of identification.

The Identification Technology:

The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity. Using Fingerprints is the oldest method of Identification. The Fingerprint is electronically read by a sensor plate.

Biometrics is that branch of Biology which deals with its data statistically and by mathematical analysis. Using Fingerprints is the oldest method of Identification using biometric information. People have tiny ridges of skin on their fingers. These ridges form through a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The genetic makeup, the position of the fetus in the womb, and the composition and density of surrounding amniotic fluid play a role in how every individual ridge on the skin surface of finger will form. Fingerprints are a unique marker for a person, even an identical twin. Fingerprint analysis can define the differences between two fingerprint impressions.

The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity. Fingerprints are a unique marker for a person and Fingerprint analysis can define the differences between Fingerprints.

The Fingerprint is electronically read. The corrugated ridges of the skin are non-continuous and form a pattern that has distinguishing features or minutiae. Two varieties of Fingerprint scanning technology are currently used; the optical Fingerprint scanners and the Capacitance Fingerprint scanner that uses a computerized analysis.

Iris Recognition Technology:

The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity. The Iris is the most unique feature visible on the human body.Iris Scan Recorder uses pattern recognition techniques based on images of the Iris.

Iris Scanners use pattern recognition techniques based on images of the irides(Irises) of an individual’s eyes.

**The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity**. **Identity and Individuality. How does the multicellular human organism recognizes its own Identity?**

No two irides being the same, even in identical twins, individuals could be identified with accuracy and consistency.

DNA Analysis:

The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity. A small sample of DNA is amplified by using Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR. The Short Tandem Repeat Analysis examines how often base pairs repeat in specific locations on a DNA strand.

A small sample of DNA is amplified by using Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR. In a method described as Short Tandem Repeat Analysis, it is examined to find how often base pairs repeat in specific locations or loci on a given DNA strand. These can be dinucleotide, trinucleotide, tetranucleotide, or pentanucleotide repeats; that is repetition of 2, 3, 4, or 5 base pairs. Very often, the investigator looks for tetranucleotide or pentanucleotide repeats in the DNA sample.

**The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the Knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity.**

The likelihood that any two individuals (except identical twins) will have the same 13-loci DNA profile can be as high as 1 in 1 billion or greater.

Biometric Facial Recognition Technology:

The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity. Every face has numerous distinguishable landmarks, the different peaks and valleys that make up facial features.

Every face has numerous distinguishable landmarks, the different peaks and valleys that make up facial features. These landmarks are known as nodal points. Each human face has approximately 80 nodal points.

Distance between the eyes, width of the nose, depth of the eye sockets, the shape of the cheekbones, the length of the jawline and other features are used as nodal points. These nodal points are measured creating a numerical code called a face print, representing the face in the database and comparison is made between images of face. 2D or 3D image of a person’s face uses distinct features of the face where rigid tissue and bone is most apparent, such as the curves of the eye socket, nose, and chin to identify the subject.

The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity. Identity and Individuality. In a multicellular human organism, who recognizes the Identity of the human person?

Unique templates are created from measurements between key points on the face and these measurements provide identification of the individual.

Skin Biometrics – Skin Surface Texture Analysis:

The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity. The uniqueness of Skin Texture offers an opportunity to identify differences between identical twins.

The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity. Surface Texture Analysis creates a Skin Print by using local information about skin texture at various points on the surface.

The Surface Texture Analysis algorithm operates on the top percentage of results as determined by the Local feature analysis. This method creates a Skin Print and performs either a 1:1 or 1:N match for verification or identification. It can identify the differences between identical twins.

Identity, Individuality, and Consciousness:

**The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity. Identity, Individuality, and Consciousness**

Man describes his identity in terms of his personal name, age, gender, race, ethnicity, place of origin, language, religion, political, occupational, or social affiliation. In reality, the man is an association of trillions of individual cells.

The human organism is a conscious being and the function called consciousness achieves functional unity of all these individual cells and works for the benefit of the individual who always maintains his individuality.

The Whole Dude-Grant Connection applies the knowledge of Human Anatomy to recognize Human Identity. Identity and Individuality. Cognitive Biology must address the issue of cognition of human Identity. In the multicellular human organism, who recognizes the Identity of the Human Individual?

This is possible because individual cells have the ability to recognize the presence of other living cells in their environment and display functional subordination to serve the purpose of the whole organism.

“All of our experience indicates that life can manifest itself only in a concrete form, and that it is bound to certain substantial loci. These loci are cells and cell formations. But we are far from seeking the last and highest level of understanding in the morphology of these loci of life. Anatomy does not exclude physiology, but physiology certainly presupposes anatomy. The phenomena that the physiologist investigates occur in special organs with quite characteristic anatomical arrangements; the various morphological parts disclosed by the anatomist are the bearers of properties or, if you will, of forces probed by the physiologist; when the physiologist has established a law, whether through physical or chemical investigation, the anatomist can still proudly state: This is the structure in which the law becomes manifest.” – Rudolf Virchow

The phenomena that the physiologist investigates occur in special organs with quite characteristic anatomical arrangements; the various morphological parts disclosed by the anatomist are the bearers of properties or, if you will, of forces probed by the physiologist; when the physiologist has established a law, whether through physical or chemical investigation, the anatomist can still proudly state: This is the structure in which the law becomes manifest.” – Rudolf Virchow

Whole Dude – Whole Consent

**University of Michigan and Michigan Medicine must avoid the social and political constructs of Race and Ethnicity. How does the multicellular human organism verifies its own Identity?**

Excerpt: As a research participant, I am investigating the problem of Selection Bias in the Selection Process used by the Research Investigator at University of Michigan. The Selection Bias is inherent in the Selection process for it is gathering information from its human subjects outsides the boundaries of the declared purpose of the Study.

Informed Consent For the Michigan Medicine AHEAD 3-45 Study Screening Procedures

**University of Michigan and Michigan Medicine must reject the concept of Race and Ethnicity to describe Asian/Indian Identity**

On Tuesday, December 05, 2023, I signed the Informed Consent Form for the AHEAD 3-45 Study Screening Procedures. Reference: UM eResearch ID: HUM00178622; NIA & Eisai Inc. / Protocol Number BAN2401-G000-303

Dear Study Subject Adviser,

REFERENCE NUMBER: Pro00041484

As a research participant, I am investigating the problem of Selection Bias in the Selection Process used by the Research Investigator at University of Michigan.

Whole Dude – Whole Bias

University of Michigan and Michigan Medicine must reject the concept of Race and Ethnicity to describe Asian/Indian Identity

University of Michigan and Michigan Medicine must learn that there is no human race called Indian

The following is a copy of the automated response sent by Advarra Adviser (IRB)

From: Advarra Adviser

Please note – questions regarding:

*Compensation

*Scheduling

*Test Results

*Study equipment

*Consent form questions

*Enrolling or withdrawing from a studyShould be discussed directly with the research staff. The research staff contact information can be found on the first page of the consent form.

My reply to the automated response sent by Advarra Adviser (IRB):

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Plasma Biomarker Eligibility in a Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease Trial

December 2023
Alzheimer’s & dementia: the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association19(S24)

DOI:10.1002/alz.083020

Authors: Doris P. Molina-Henry, Rema Raman, Andy Lou, Oliver Langford and others, University of Southern California

Abstract:

Disparities by Race and Ethnicity Among Adults Recruited for a Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Trial

Rema Raman, PhD¹; Yakeel T. Quiroz, PhD^2,3; Oliver Langford, MS¹; et al

Key Points

Question: Are there racial/ethnic differences associated with recruitment sources and reasons for ineligibility among preclinical Alzheimer disease clinical trial participants?

Abstract

Whole Dude – Whole Race : Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan reveal their ignorance of the term called Race. There is no Race of People called Indian. However, several Indians, Iranians and Germans celebrate their Aryan Race heritage. I ask Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan to share its educational experience and publish its Theory of Man

Whole Dude – Whole Bharatiya

University of Michigan and Michigan Medicine must learn that there is no human race called Indian

Whole Dude – Whole Race: Michigan Medicine asks, “What is your Race?” There is no human race called Indian. I ask Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan to share its educational experience and publish its Theory of Man.

Defining Indian Identity-The Doctrine of Individualism

Excerpt: In the Indian Tradition, the true or real identity of man is unrelated to the features of his morphological appearance which is subject to changes under the influence of time. These morphological traits are unreal and the real or true man always exists as a Specific Individual with unchanging Individuality and is associated with the vital, animating principle called Soul. The human Soul is capable of transmigrating across all known human races and ethnicities.

What is Individualism?

The word individual is derived from Latin, ‘Individualis’-that which is not divided-an individual. Individualism can be defined as follows:1. a belief that stresses the primary importance and worth of each person and in the virtues of self-reliance and personal independence, 2. the principle or practice of maintaining individuality or independence of the individual, 3. the principle or habit of or belief in independent thought or action, 4. the conception that all values, rights and duties originate in individuals, 5. a doctrine that the interests of the individual are or ought to be ethically paramount, and 6. the pursuit of individual rather than common or collective interests. The doctrine of Individualism may support a view that the interests of the individual should take precedence over the interests of the State or Social Group.

Defining Indian Identity – The Doctrine of Individualism: THREE GREAT TEACHERS OF INDIA: IN SHANKARA’S ANALYSIS, MAN IS NOT SAVED BY ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE. MAN CANNOT DIRECTLY RULE OR GOVERN HIS OWN BODY FOR THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE OR CELLS ARE INDEPENDENT AND ENJOY CELLULAR AUTONOMY.

ManO bhudhyahamkaara Chittaani na aHam,

Na Karnam, na Jihvaa, na cha Ghraana Netram,

Na cha Vyoma Bhumir na Tejo na VaayuH,

Chidaananda RuupaH ShivO aHam, ShivO aHam.

Indian Culture views human existence in absolute individualistic terms and the legacy of Indian Culture could be described as ‘Individualism’.

The Foundation for Individualism:

Bhagavad Gita - Individualism — **Defining Indian Identity. The Doctrine of Individualism.**

The Bhagavad Gita, Chapter II, Sankhya Yoga, verse 39, claims that the analytical knowledge derived from Samkhya philosophy gives the description of the nature of individual and individuality.

Chapter II, of the Bhagavad Gita explains this philosophy in several verses.Verse 11 claims that those who are wise lament neither for the living nor the dead.

In verse 12, Lord Krishna states that there was never a time when He did not exist, nor Arjuna, nor all others in the battle field, and in the future there will never be a time when any of them cease to exist. Lord Krishna (The Supreme Individual Person) and also all other individuals are eternal persons.They existed as individuals in the past and they will continue to exist as individuals in the future.Their individuality existed in the past and their individuality will continue in the future without interruption. Lord Krishna clearly states that the individuality of all others will continue eternally. Hence, Indians do not accept the bodily conception of the living entities. Living entity is an individual soul and even though the body changes every moment, the soul does not undergo any change.

Verse 13, claims that the embodied soul continually passes, in this body, from boyhood to youth, and then to old age; similarly, the soul also passes into another body at death. By nature the human body is ever changing, and the soul is eternal.

Verse 24 states that this individual soul is unbreakable and insoluble. He is everlasting, unchangeable, immovable, and eternally the same.

Finally, verse 27 establishes the foundation for ‘Individualism’ by stressing that ” For one who has taken his birth,death is certain; and for one who is dead, birth is certain.”

The Supremacy of Individual:

The primary importance of the individual is established by the Vedic statement “AHAM BRAHMASMI” which describes the True Identity of the Individual as that of Ultimate Reality known as Brahman. The following verse supports the idea that the Individual is a Whole entity as the Whole is derived from the Whole, perfect, Supreme Being:

Om, purna mada, purna midam, purnaat purna mudachyate

Purnasya purna maadaya, purna meva vasishtyate.

“That” (is an indefinite term to designate the Invisible Absolute) is Whole (Perfect Substance with Perfect Nature and Quality); “This” (the visible, the phenomenal embodied Soul) is Whole, from the (invisible) Whole comes forth the (visible) Whole. Though the visible Whole is derived or deducted from that invisible Whole, yet the Whole remains unaltered and both retain their Perfect Condition called Whole. The human entity is virtually trapped in a repeated cycle of birth, death and rebirth.The ultimate purpose of human existence is to achieve Moksha (Liberation) or Mukti (Release) from this Cycle that is referred to as ‘Samsara’.

The Practice of Individualism:

**Defining Indian Identity – The Doctrine of Individualism: The illumination of Intellect -Gayatri Maha Mantra**

Individualism is built upon the value attached to knowing oneself. We are encouraged to look inwards and to reflect upon the nature of ‘SELF’. Self-Knowledge is considered to be more valuable than gaining knowledge of the material world.The following prayer which is known as Gayatri Mantra is one such example of motivating Individuals to look inwards. Similarly, Socrates suggests, “Know thyself, and you will know the universe and the gods.”

Om Bhur Bhuva Suvah, Om tatsa vitur vareynyam

Bhargo Devasya dhee mahi dheeyo yo nah prachodayaat.

The Individual while firmly establishing his Individuality also takes complete responsibility for his actions.The Individual bears the burden for his own actions.

The Journey to Ultimate Individualism:

The Individual strives for self-reliance, learns to minimize the importance of all external relationships and concentrates upon developing an intimate relationship with his personal God.The following prayer is one such example of an Individual’s journey on the path of devotion (Bhakti).

Tva meva maata cha pitaa tva meva, Tva meva bandhu cha sakha tva meva,

Tva meva vidya, dravinam tva meva, Tva meva sarvam mama Deva Deva.

Devotion to God practically takes over, replaces and consumes the need for any other kind of external relationship such as man’s relationship to his mother, father, relatives, friends, and educational and material status.

The Goal of Absolute Individualism:

For the individual to win the battle of ‘Samsara’, to gain freedom from the cycle of birth and death, to declare victory over death and to finally reach the shore and complete the long and tiresome swim across the uncharted ocean, he is required to disentangle himself from the cobweb of relationships and set himself free. The following prayer known as Maha Mrityunjaya Mantra illustrates the point:

Om,Triyambakam,Yajamahe sugandhim pushti vardhanam,

Urvaaru kamiva bhandha naat mrutyor muksheeya amrutaat.

Such liberated Individual who had freed himself from all external relationships would be able to proclaim his True Identity and the following verse written by Shri Shankaracharya is an example of an Individual who had reached the Goal Of Absolute Individualism:

Na Mrityur, na Shankaa, na me Jaati bheydaH,

Pitaa naiva, me naiva Maataa, na Janma,

Na Bandhur,na Mitram, Gurur naiva SishyaH,

Chidaananda RupaH ShivO aHam, ShivO aHam.

Thus Indian Identity is none other than the identity of “SHIVA” whose Individualistic Identity is described as Sat+Chit+Ananda.

lord-rama-with-seetha-lakshmana-and-hanuman — **Defining Indian Identity. The Doctrine of Individualism.**

In the Epic Poem of Ramayana, the concept of Individualism is vividly portrayed. Rama alone was required to live in the forest. He could have just refused to do so. No force upon earth could have moved Him but He made His own choice. Lakshmana made His own choice and accompanied His brother for a life in the forest. Rama made no decision about Seeta. He did not want her to accompany Him into the forest. Seeta made Her own decision. All of them express their own personal independence in unique manners.

**Defining Indian Identity. The Doctrine of Individualism. The Man has no choice other than that of existing as an Individual with Individuality. His genome is unique and one of its own kind.**

Whole Dude – Whole Persian

India and Iran – What is the Connection?

I joined the Indian Army Medical Corps during September 1969 when I qualified for the grant of Short Service Regular Commission in the rank of Second Lieutenant. General Manekshaw had a very high reputation across all the ranks and branches of the Indian Armed Forces. I had no opportunity to meet him in person but I always felt motivated by his spirit and enthusiasm to perform military tasks with cheerfulness and a sense of strong conviction to uphold the pride and dignity of Indian Army.

MY CONNECTION WITH THE PARSI COMMUNITY OF INDIA:

Whole Dude – Whole Persian: Parsi Community in India had arrived from HORMUZ area of Persia. My military career in India began under the leadership of General Sam Manekshaw, a Parsi by birth, and Srimati Indira Gandhi who had married Feroze Gandhi, a Parsi by birth. Interestingly, my military career has ended in July 1986 at KHASAB, on the shores of the Strait of Hormuz.

Parsis are the followers in India of the Iranian Prophet Zoroaster. The name means Persians. According to tradition, the Parsis had initially settled at Hormuz on the Persian Gulf and they sailed to India in the 8th century. They form a well-defined community and they have retained almost unchanged the beliefs and customs of their ancestors. Just like other Indians, the Parsis consider the elements of Fire, Water and Earth as sacred. I would like to speak about two members of this community with whom I am connected with love and a great admiration.

1. Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw:

Field Marshal Sam Bahadur-INDIA AND IRAN - WHAT IS THE CONNECTION? — **WHOLE DUDE – WHOLE PERSIAN: SAM THE BRAVE’-FIELD MARSHAL SAM HORMUSJI FRAMJI JAMSHEDJI MANEKSHAW, MILITARY CROSS, PADMA VIBHUSHAN, PADMA BHUSHAN, CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF 07 JUNE 1969-15 JAN 1973**

In the year 1969, while I was a student at Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, I qualified for the grant of Short Service Regular Commission to join the Indian Army Medical Corps in the rank of Second Lieutenant. I joined the Army Medical Corps on 26 July, 1970 in the rank of Lieutenant. On completion of my training, I got promoted to the rank of Captain on 26 July, 1971. My first task was getting ready for the crisis that India was facing on account of the influx of the Bangla refugees.

Whole Dude – Whole Persian: Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw is popularly known as ‘SAM BAHADUR’. He was 8th Chief of Army Staff of Indian Army from 07 June 1969 to 15 January 1973. My career in the Indian Army commenced with this Parsi Connection. He served as the GOC-in-C of the Eastern Command.

General Manekshaw was born in Amritsar, Punjab to Parsi parents. He became the 8th Chief of Staff of the Indian Army in 1969 and his distinguished military career has spanned four decades and through five wars, including World War II. He has the rare distinction of being honoured for his bravery on the battle front itself. He won the Military Cross for display of his valour in face of stiff resistance from the Japanese while he was leading a counter-offensive against the invading Japanese Army in Burma. He is the architect of India’s heroic victory in the 1971 India-Pakistan War. He had shown uncommon ability to motivate the troops and coupled it with a mature war strategy. He had masterminded the rout of the Pakistan Army in one of the quickest victories in recent military history. I take pride in my military service and my connection to Sam Bahadur. This military experience has helped me while I participated in Military Security and Intelligence Operations at Strait of Hormuz, Persian Gulf during 1984 to 1986 while I served in Royal Oman Army.

Whole Dude – Whole Persian: The rugged sea coast of Musandam Peninsula where I had worked hard patrolling the coastline, visiting remote villages, looking for Iranian infiltrators. Iran is just 18 miles away. I used to look towards Bandar abbas of Iran which is clearly visible while I used to drive over these hill cliffs. I had a sense of fascination for Hormuz region of Iran. Parsi community of India had arrived from Hormuz. My military career in Indian Army had started under General Manek Shaw. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s husband Feroze Gandhi was a Parsi by birth. I had actually visited Iranian Embassy in Muscat. The Staff were excited to receive me as I went there in my military uniform and they had recognized that I was stationed at Khasab defending Strait of Hormuz. They wanted to help me but they had no powers. I was not seeking a tourist visa. I had reconciled. It was not God’s Plan. When God plans your Journey, there would be no obstacles. His uplifting power would enable you to overcome all obstacles.

I began my military service under the leadership of a member of the Parsi Community which had arrived in India from Hormuz area of Persian Gulf (Iran) and my military career came to a final conclusion at Headquarters Peninsular Security Force (Hq PENSEC), Musandam, Khasab, on the shores of Persian Gulf at Strait of Hormuz while I was very actively involved in arresting the growth of Iranian influence in that area.

2. FEROZE GANDHI (FEROZE GANDHY):

INDIA AND IRAN WHAT IS THE CONNECTION ??? I DESCRIBE THIS CONNECTION FROM MY NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE . IT NARRATES MY LIFE'S JOURNEY FROM INDIA TO THE SHORES OF STRAIT OF HORMUZ , PERSIAN GULF . I SENT A LETTER TO MRS . INDIRA GANDHI WHEN SHE BECAME THE THIRD PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA IN 1966. — WHOLE DUDE – WHOLE PERSIAN: INDIA AND IRAN WHAT IS THE CONNECTION? I DESCRIBE THIS CONNECTION FROM MY NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE. IT NARRATES MY LIFE’S JOURNEY FROM INDIA TO THE SHORES OF STRAIT OF HORMUZ , PERSIAN GULF. I SENT A LETTER OF CONGRATULATIONS TO MRS. INDIRA GANDHI WHEN SHE BECAME THE THIRD PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA IN 1966.

Whole Dude – Whole Persian: On January 24, 1966, Indira Gandhi became the third Prime Minister of India. She had married Feroze Gandhy or Feroze Gandhi born into a Parsi family. Feroze Gandhi was a Member of India’s First Parliament and had won elections to the Parliament in 1952 and 1957 from Rai Bareilly Constituency in Uttar Pradesh State.

Feroze Gandhi was born into a Parsi family. He was a member of India’s first Parliament. He won his election in 1952 and in 1957 from Rai Bareilly constituency in Uttar Pradesh. His wife was his election manager. He was the husband of India’s first woman Prime Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi and the father of the former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. His grandson is a Member of Indian Parliament. Feroze died in 1960 but his name connects me to our beloved Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. I was a student in Kurnool Medical College in 1966 when Mrs. Gandhi was first appointed as the Prime Minister. I wrote her a personal letter to congratulate her and she had graciously responded to that letter. In 1967, I was in New Delhi to participate in a National Student Seminar for National Integration . Myself and other student delegates had a opportunity to meet Mrs. Gandhi at her residence and exchanged our views and expressed our concerns on several issues. After joining Indian Army, in 1971, I joined duty at the Office of the Directorate General of Security which takes its orders from the Prime Minister’s Cabinet Secretariat. It gave me an opportunity to understand the great leadership role played by Mrs.Gandhi and it provided me an insight into her foreign policy initiatives. Mrs. Gandhi’s decisive leadership had helped India to successfully test our first nuclear weapon.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – OPERATION EAGLE – INDIRA GANDHI’S MILITARY ACTION IN THE CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS – LIBERATION WAR OF BANGLADESH 1971:

INDIA AND IRAN - WHAT IS THE CONNECTION ??? INDIAN AIR FORCE HELICOPTER PILOT FLIGHT LIEUTENANT PARVEZ JAMASJI, VrC . THE FIRST PARSI OFFICER OF INDIAN ARMED FORCES THAT I MET AND BRIEFLY INTERACTED DURING THE MILITARY ACTION IN CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS THAT INITIATED THE LIBERATION OF BANGLADESH DURING 1971. — **WHOLE DUDE – WHOLE PERSIAN: INDIA AND IRAN – WHAT IS THE CONNECTION?**
INDIAN AIR FORCE HELICOPTER PILOT FLIGHT LIEUTENANT PARVEZ JAMASJI, VrC . THE FIRST PARSI OFFICER OF INDIAN ARMED FORCES THAT I MET AND BRIEFLY INTERACTED DURING THE MILITARY ACTION IN THE CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS THAT INITIATED THE LIBERATION OF BANGLADESH DURING 1971.

Among several people who had participated in Operation Eagle 1971, I want to mention the name of Flight Lieutenant Parvez Jamasji of Indian Air Force, the Parsi helicopter pilot who helped me with my battle casualty evacuation from the Chittagong Hill Tracts to our Field Hospital at Lungleh, Mizoram.

**WHOLE DUDE – WHOLE PERSIAN: OPERATION EAGLE 1971 – INDIA’S MILITARY VICTORY IN THE CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS – THE PARSI CONNECTION**

Iran is an ancient land. We had trade and Cultural relations with Iran (PERSIA – THE LAND OF ARYANS) for several centuries. People of Persian origin have immensely contributed to India in a variety of fields such as business, arts, architecture and public service. The Parsi community of India represents my connection to Iran, a Land which still proclaims its Aryan heritage.

Whole Dude – Whole Persian: Major General Sujan Singh Uban, Inspector General of Special Frontier Force, was my Commander during Indo-Pak War of 1971. I used this military experience in the conduct of Security and Intelligence Operations at the ‘Strait of Hormuz’, Persian Gulf.

**Whole Dude – Whole Persian: The Taste of Victory. Indian Armed Forces scored a historical victory in its successful conduct of a massive military campaign that resulted in the Birth of Bangladesh.**

Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Service Number: MR-03277K, Rank: Major Army Medical Corps/Direct Permanent Commission & XSCO-324 Naqeeb/Captain Force Medical Services, Royal Oman Army, Sultanate of Oman

Medical Officer, South Column Unit, Operation Eagle 1971-72

Headquarters Establishment No. 22 C/O 56 APO

**Indian Army has awarded POORVI STAR for my participation in military operation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts during the Indo-Pak War of 1971**

Bharat Darshan – Remembering Sam Bahadur

**Bharat Darshan – Remembering Sam Manekshaw. 8th Chief of Army Staff and Prime Minister of India, my Parsi Connections in 1970.**

**Bharat Darshan – Remembering Sam Bahadur. Mrs. Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India with Indian Army Chief Sam Manekshaw, my Parsi Connections.**

I have good reasons to pay this tribute to Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw (‘SAM BAHADUR’) who passed away on June 27, 2008. I count him as my ‘Parsi Connection’ apart from Mrs. Indira Gandhi who was India’s Prime Minister when I reported to Officers Training School, AMC Centre, Lucknow on July 26, 1970 to attend Basic Medical Officers Course 20/70. Interestingly, when I left military service, I was at Strait of Hormuz near Hormuz region of Iran to which Parsi community has its historical relationship.

The video jerked into play… realised I wasn’t looking for the Great Man: Sam Manekshaw’s daughter Maja Daruwala

Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw died this day in 2008. A daughter remembers.

**Bharat Darshan – Remembering Sam Bahadur Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw.**

Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw led the Indian Army to victory in East Pakistan. (Photo: Express Archive)Written by Maja Daruwala | New Delhi | Published:June 27, 2016 1:27 am

Perhaps because there are so few of us around, people feel obliged to email and SMS me snippets of news and views, blogs, pictures and videos about Parsees. The complimentary pieces are bittersweet gestures of affection for a friend. They come tinged with regret that seems to mourn the inevitable passing away of our tiny community. The last little video I got came with the message “You should be proud” and opened into a montage of the usual greats. I watched with only tepid interest as the pictures and names in blazoned heroic script passed across the screen. There was Jamshedji, and Dorabji, Nani, Fali and Soli. There was Bhikhaji Cama and atomic energy Bhabha and Rattan of course, Adi, and apro Zubin and Cyrus. I’d seen them all before. At the end, the video stalled and I realised I was mildly miffed at the producers who had missed one name.Still and sad, I stared hard at the little dots going round and round as the video buffered into its last five seconds. In those long moments, I felt my chest tighten and my eyes prick as I remembered the missing man. He had meant so much to us. Eight years dead this week, he was still right there at every family gathering, lighting up the room with silly teasing and laughter, telling funny stories about the cook in Amritsar whose kheema my mother could never match, or the fair girl who’d given him his first innocent kiss by the back loo in exchange for a promise not to tell the elders she was meeting with the local rake, or the tale of how he had exasperated his mother into throwing a bunch of keys at him for explaining to all the household that his hazel eyes came from being born in Egypt. When we asked; “Why Egypt? His only explanation was “Baby, that’s the only name I knew!”

He taught us the names of all the flowers in the garden and read us Scheherazade stories from the Arabian Nights. Then wickedly played king. My sister was the favoured and beautiful Lal Pari, I the ugly sidey grateful to be included. When we asked what our mother was he’d say airily: “Oh, she’s the lady in waiting — waiting for everything.” He loved being the hero and would post us scurrilous detective stories at boarding school. In the hols, I complained to my aunt that no one believed the letters were from my father and she cried out “Bhai, you’re still doing the same thing!” She had been an early victim in their school days.
He had enthusiasms and dragged us willy-nilly into them because they had to be shared by everyone around. So my mother, straw hat on head, walked across the winter sun fields near Delhi while he shot quail and joined the locals in chai on the khatia after. At home, my sister wiggled hot and impatient under studio lights while he perfected the angle of his tripod camera. At the race course, he taught me to feed our one-fourth of a race horse with an open flat hand so I wouldn’t get bitten. It mattered not at all that First Entry never won a race.
In Ferozpur, the huge grounds of Flagstaff House turned him farmer. So we all dug potatoes out of the ground, picked cotton and felt how aniseed tasted right off the stalk. In Mhow, he battled the cook for suzerainty over the kitchen and competed with him to show he could make the best tasting chola ever — for breakfast! In Coonoor, it was trout fishing and endless hours fiddling to find just the right rods and reels and being coaxed into spearing live bait on to hook because he wasn’t going to do it.
Then it was milch cows. We had to have them. All the houses along Porter Avenue got milk at the same price for 20 years. Meticulous accounts were kept. The grandchildren got the 6 am milk run and my mother got to name the animals: Rose (naturally, what else can you name a cow), then Rose Bud, then just Bud, then Bud Bud. Until the Gorkhas put their foot down and only a minimal cow was allowed to remain on the premises.
He loved being loved and retired hurt one time when our long time charioteer cook and Gorkhas agreed that “hamari madam jaisa koi nahi”. He wasn’t expecting it. Beyond the jesting, there was wisdom. “You must spoil your children and spoil your children but they must never get spoiled.” He’d say.
The video jerked into play and pulled me out of my reverie. At last I was face to face with the last name and portrait. We looked at each other and I realised I wasn’t looking for the Great Man at all but for the funny, handsome brave father whose face anyway lives behind my eyes — always.

**Bharat Darshan – Remembering Sam Bahadur, Field Marshal Manekshaw.**

**Bharat Darshan-Remembering Sam Bahadur (GOC IV CORPS)**

**Bharat Darshan – Remembering Sam Bahadur, Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw. Indian President V.V. Giri with Army, Navy, and Air Chiefs.**

Bharat Darshan - Remembering Sam Bahadur, Field Marshal Manekshaw, Final Journey on June 27, 2008. — **Bharat Darshan – Remembering Sam Bahadur, Field Marshal Manekshaw, Final Journey on June 27, 2008.**

**Whole Dude – Whole Persian: Remembering Sam Bahadur. India – Iran, Hormuz – Parsi Connection.**

Whole Dude – Whole Education

I ask Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan to share its educational experience and publish its Theory of Man

Whole Dude – Whole Education: Michigan Medicine asks, “How many years you have spent in School?” I ask Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan to share its educational experience and publish its Theory of Man.

Theory of Man precedes Theory of Health

In my analysis, there can be no ‘Theory of Health’ without sharing a ‘Theory of Man’. The question, “What is health?” cannot be asked without raising the question, “What is man?”

In my view, ‘ the existence of a man always precedes the essence of the man’. For that reason, the biological basis of the man’s existence must be identified to define the living entity called man. The natural event called ‘death’ precedes the natural event called ‘birth’ which heralds the arrival of newborn Life. The newborn always arrives after several programmed cellular death events.

The man’s existence in any condition, good health or ill-health, at any age, at any given time and place, depends upon Divine Providence characterized as Mercy, Grace, and Compassion (Sanskrit. Krupa) of LORD God Creator. The man does not exist in the natural world because of his physical and mental work. The man needs input of matter and energy, from an external source, from the moment of conception to the conclusion of his entire life journey. The man’s existence is always conditioned as he cannot regulate, control, operate, rule, or govern either internal, or external factors that determine the fact of his existence.

The Medical Science fails to define the term ‘health’ for it fails to define the term ‘man’. To attach meaning to health, I must attach meaning to the word called ‘man’. I categorically inform Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan not to withhold their educational experience as a professional secret.

The man represents a biological or biotic community of trillions of individuals; independent, living cells with individuality. The Man is also a natural host to trillions of microbes. Human life must be defined in terms of biotic interactions; both intraspecific, and interspecific biotic interactions.

I ask Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan to apply the principles of Clinical Medicine not only to diagnose ill health but also to diagnose good and perfect or ‘Whole Health’ for the man is created by entity called God who is always Perfect and Whole.

Theory of Man–The Spectrum of Seven Colors

My ‘Theory of Man’ defines the Man as the ‘Spectrum of Seven Colors’. Isaac Newton could easily verify his ‘Theory of Light’ by conducting his critical experiment in which he used two prisms to breakdown and to reconstitute white light rays. In case of Man, such experimental verification is not possible as Science does not have the capability to breakdown the man and reconstitute him. However, Science provides verified information about the building blocks of life and about basic living functions such as ‘Metabolism’ which essentially involve making, breaking, and repairing ‘Molecules of Life’.

Man – The Spectrum of Seven Colors

For purposes of defining Man the concept of Light Spectrum is useful. Light Spectrum appears continuous with no distinct boundaries.

The ‘Singularity’ called Man can be easily witnessed at conception at the stage of Single, fertilized Egg Cell.

The study of Man during all stages of his physical existence provides information about Man’s Seven Dimensions or Seven Colors. These are, 1. The Physical, Mortal Being, 2. The Mental Being, 3. The Social Being, 4. The Moral Being, 5. The Spiritual Being, 6. The Created Being, and 7. The Rational Being. Science called Cell & Molecular Biology can account for biomolecules of life and yet do not explain or account for the constitution of Man as a Rational Being.

Whole Dude – Whole Species

The Rudolf-Rudi Connection rejects the concept of race and ethnicity to identify the Anatomically Modern Man called Homo sapiens sapiens

On Tuesday, December 05, 2023, at the Michigan Clinical Research Unit (MCRU) at the Cardiovascular Center (CVC), I was interviewed for participating in the AHEAD Study and I completed the Stage 1A of the Screening process. I am asked to provide information about the most important occupation of my life, my sexual orientation, my race and ethnicity in the context of my place of birth and the country of origin, the total number of years I spent in the School to register my personal identity for participation in the Medical Research Project. The Research Protocol has not identified the basis for discovering the identity of a multicellular human organism. I can answer the questions I am asked. Do I have the ability to communicate my answers to the cells of my own body and reflect that identity in the living functions they perform to keep me alive?

The Rudolf-Rudi Connection Supports the Doctrine of Static Taxonomy of Immutable Species and rejects the concept of race and ethnicity to identify the Anatomically Modern Man called Homo sapiens sapiens

Yes indeed, Life is complicated. The phenomenon of Life demands the interdependence, interconnectedness, and interrelatedness of a varied range of immutable species. Today, some anthropologists entirely reject the concept of “RACE.” However, they stress the heterogeneity of world population. In Biology, the term ‘race’ is used to describe a subspecies, or variety, or breed. At the same time the present Identification Technology such as the Fingerprints, Iris Scans, Facial Recognition Technology, Skin Surface Texture Recognition Technology allows the recognition of each member of the Human Species as a specific Individual with Individuality.

Spirituality Science – The Human Species:

Carolus Linnaeus also known as Carl Linnaeus, (b. May 23, 1707, d. January 10, 1778) Swedish botanist, a doctor of medicine, and explorer was the first to frame principles for defining genera and species of organisms and to create a uniform system for naming them. The static concept of species or the morphological concept of species was proposed by Carolus Linnaeus. As per Linnaeus, species are fixed and immutable entities, there is no change in the species and do not vary in form, size or shape.

Linnaeus published his Systema Naturae in 1735 and Genera Plantarum in 1737. He presented and explained his classification system that was based mainly on flower parts which tend to remain unchanged from generation to generation.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE HUMAN SPECIES: LINNAEUS DIVIDED ORGANISMS INTO TWO KINGDOMS - 1. ANIMALIA(ANIMALS), AND 2. PLANTAE(PLANTS). THE KINGDOMS ARE DIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES: PHYLUM OR DIVISION, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, AND SPECIES. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES: LINNAEUS DIVIDED ORGANISMS INTO TWO KINGDOMS – 1. ANIMALIA (ANIMALS), AND 2. PLANTAE (PLANTS). THE KINGDOMS ARE DIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES: PHYLUM OR DIVISION, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, AND SPECIES USING TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAN BE OBSERVED.

Linnaeus in his Systema Naturae gives a very precise description of man, placing him among the Class – Mammals, in the Order of Primates which includes the apes. Further, Linnaeus describes the varieties of man such as The Asian, The African, and The European. He depends only on external characteristics to place objects into a rational set of categories. Thus Linnaeus formulates a Static Taxonomy in which Species of living things appear to be immutable in type throughout the ages. The Species, the fundamental unit of Classification, consists of populations of morphologically similar individuals that share the similar collection of characteristics whose combination is unique to the Species. In other words, Species is distinguished by its ability to maintain its stability from generation to generation. Since Species is self-perpetuating, they maintain the stability of all other groupings like the genera, phyla, and families which remain fixed from generation to generation. Apart from the observed stability of all recognized Species, the chemical molecules that are essential to compose the Living Matter, Material, or Substance called Protoplasm have always maintained their stability. For example, water molecule is the most important of all the biomolecules of Life and its chemical composition and properties are held stable over billions of years.

The Natural Law of Propagation:

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE HUMAN SPECIES: THE FRENCH NATURALIST GEORGES LOUIS LECLERC COMTE DE BUFFON(1707-1788) DETERMINED SPECIES NOT BY THEIR PHYSICAL APPEARANCES BUT BY THEIR REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES: THE FRENCH NATURALIST GEORGES LOUIS LECLERC COMTE DE BUFFON (1707-1788) DETERMINED SPECIES NOT BY THEIR PHYSICAL APPEARANCES BUT BY THEIR REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY. IN HIS VIEW, THE APES AND OTHER ANIMALS LACK THE ABILITY TO SPEAK; “THE STYLE IS THE MAN HIMSELF.”

The French naturalist Buffon in his monumental compendium on Natural History (44 Volumes), Histoire Naturelle General et Particuliere – 1749-1804, describes man as a zoological species. Buffon determined species not by their physical appearances but by their reproductive history. Two individual animals or plants are of the same Species if they can produce fertile offspring. Species are known only through the history of its natural propagation. By the law of natural propagation, offspring will always be of the same species as the parent organism. A Species always breeds true. Its members always generate organisms which can be classified as belonging to the same Species, however much they vary among themselves as individuals within the group. The sub-groups, the races or varieties of Species are able to breed with one another, but diverse Species cannot interbreed. Organisms different in Species cannot reproduce productively and if crossbred, like the horse and the ass, they produce a sterile hybrid like the mule.

The Natural Law of Propagation can be described as “The Law of Creation and Individuality.” Each kind of living thing always arrives as an original, distinctive, unique, and one of its own kind of object. No living thing has an independent choice of its own and there is no choice other than that of existing as a created object that can be identified as a specific individual thing with Individuality. Even with the use of the latest reproductive technology such as cloning, man cannot use the reproductive process to cause the existence of two identical living things.

The term ‘Species’ must be used for purposes of ease and convenience as they are trillions of Individual living things with Individuality. In my view, the French naturalist Buffon had defined the term ‘Species’ correctly using the Natural Law of Propagation.

The Natural History of Man:

When man is viewed as the subject of scientific investigation, the empirical knowledge of man is provided by observations of his structure (ANATOMY), functions (PHYSIOLOGY), his behavior (PSYCHOLOGY), his culture (ANTHROPOLOGY), and his past (ARCHAEOLOGY).

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE HUMAN SPECIES: THE DISCOVERY OF THE CHIMPANZEE AND THE ORANGUTAN(MAN OF THE WOODS IN MALAY LANGUAGE) RAISED QUESTIONS ABOUT THE STATUS OF APES AND THEIR RELATION TO MAN. — **SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES: THE DISCOVERY OF THE CHIMPANZEE AND THE ORANGUTAN (MAN OF THE WOODS IN MALAY LANGUAGE) RAISED QUESTIONS ABOUT THE STATUS OF APES AND THEIR RELATION TO MAN.**

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE HUMAN SPECIES: DR. EDWARD TYSON, M.D., CONDUCTED STUDIES(1699) SPONSORED BY THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON TO ANALYZE IN GREAT DETAIL THE SIMILARITIES AND DISSIMILARITIES BETWEEN A CHIMPANZEE AND A MAN. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES: DR. EDWARD TYSON, M.D., CONDUCTED STUDIES (1699) SPONSORED BY THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON TO ANALYZE IN GREAT DETAIL THE SIMILARITIES AND DISSIMILARITIES BETWEEN A CHIMPANZEE AND A MAN.

The study of the Natural History of Man was stimulated by the encounters with the great anthropoid Apes of Africa and Asia at the beginning of the 16th century. The discovery of the Chimpanzee and the Orangutan (meaning “Man of the Woods” in Malay language) raised questions about the status of Apes and their relation to Man. Dr. Edward Tyson, M.D., conducted studies (1699) sponsored by the Royal Society of London to analyze in great detail the similarities and the dissimilarities between a Chimpanzee and a man. For Tyson, the Chimpanzee was the missing link between animal and Man. But, Tyson and Darwin have no evidence to show that Chimpanzee or any other intermediate Species can actually transform its genome by gradual modification and appear in the physical world as a brand new Human Species.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE HUMAN SPECIES: Modern Facial Recognition and Identification Technology allows the identification of each member of the Human Species as a specific Individual with Individuality. Two human faces are never alike and the variation can be detected. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES: Modern Facial Recognition and Identification Technology allows the identification of each member of the Human Species as a specific Individual with Individuality. Two human faces are never alike and the variation can be detected.

At the same time the present Identification Technology such as the Fingerprints, Iris Scans, Facial Recognition Technology, Skin Surface Texture Recognition Technology allows the recognition of each member of the Human Species as a specific Individual with Individuality.

The Origin of Species – The Theory of Evolution:

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE HUMAN SPECIES: CHARLES DARWIN'S ORIGIN OF SPECIES(1859) PROPOSED A MECHANISTIC, NONPURPOSIVE ACCOUNT OF EVOLUTION AS THE PRODUCT OF THE NATURAL SELECTION OF RANDOMLY PRODUCED GENETIC MUTATIONS. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES: CHARLES DARWIN’S ORIGIN OF SPECIES (1859) PROPOSED A MECHANISTIC, NONPURPOSIVE ACCOUNT OF EVOLUTION AS THE PRODUCT OF THE NATURAL SELECTION OF RANDOMLY PRODUCED GENETIC MUTATIONS.

Charles Darwin had no particular problem with the term ‘Species’ and in his view, Species is the term used to signify “a set of individuals closely resembling each other” – a class of plants or animals having certain characteristics. However, he wanted to seek a genealogical relationship among the various forms of life. His ideas demand a dynamic or genealogical classification of living things. While holding that new Species originate in the course of time, Darwin formulated a view about the Origin of Species and their differentiation, and the factors or circumstances under which some life forms cease to have the status of species or become extinct.

But, Darwin fails to fully account for the reality called existence. There is no Natural Law or Principle that can fully account for the existence of Life on planet Earth.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE HUMAN SPECIES: THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES HAS TO BE CAREFULLY EXAMINED TO INVESTIGATE THE DESCENT OF MODERN MAN OR THE HUMAN SPECIES FROM THE MEMBERS OF THE HOMINID FAMILY. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES: THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES HAS TO BE CAREFULLY EXAMINED TO INVESTIGATE THE DESCENT OF MODERN MAN OR THE HUMAN SPECIES FROM THE MEMBERS OF THE HOMINID FAMILY. IN THE GENUS CALLED HOMO, THE HUMAN SPECIES HAS ALONE SURVIVED AFTER IT EMERGED AS A BRAND NEW SPECIES THAT NEVER EXISTED BEFORE.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE HUMAN SPECIES: TO EXPLAIN THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES, THE HOMINID TIMELINE MUST BE STUDIED TO ASCERTAIN THE POSSIBILITY OF THE DESCENT OF MODERN MAN FROM ANY OF THE SPECIES OF THE PREHISTORIC MAN. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES: TO EXPLAIN THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES, THE HOMINID TIMELINE MUST BE STUDIED TO ASCERTAIN THE POSSIBILITY OF THE DESCENT OF MODERN MAN FROM ANY OF THE SPECIES OF THE PREHISTORIC MAN. THE ARRIVAL OF THE BRAND NEW HUMAN SPECIES IS ACCOMPANIED BY AN UNEXPLAINED LOSS OF ALL OTHER HOMINID SPECIES.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE HUMAN SPECIES: DARWIN'S THEORY OF EVOLUTION HAS TO EXPLAIN THE NATURAL BASIS OR MECHANISM OF THE ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES: DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION HAS TO EXPLAIN THE NATURAL BASIS OR MECHANISM OF THE ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. DARWIN HAD FAILED TO ACCOUNT FOR THE NATURAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS THE CLIMATE, FOOD AVAILABILITY, AND HABITAT THAT FAVOR THE EXISTENCE OF THE BRAND NEW HUMAN SPECIES WHILE OTHER MEMBERS OF THE HOMO GENUS HAD NO CHANCE TO KEEP THEIR EXISTENCE

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE HUMAN SPECIES: THE HUMAN FAMILY COMPRISING OF DIFFERENT SPECIES MUST BE STUDIED TO KNOW IF RANDOM, UNGUIDED, PURPOSELESS MUTATIONS OR CHANGES IN GENES CAN BRING ABOUT THE SPECIFIC CHANGES THAT ESTABLISH THE MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS THAT ARE OBSERVED. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE HUMAN SPECIES: THE HUMAN FAMILY COMPRISING OF DIFFERENT SPECIES MUST BE STUDIED TO KNOW IF RANDOM, UNGUIDED, PURPOSELESS MUTATIONS OR CHANGES IN GENES CAN BRING ABOUT THE SPECIFIC CHANGES THAT ESTABLISH THE MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS THAT ARE OBSERVED. IF THE NATURAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND OTHER FACTORS CAN SUPPORT THE EXISTENCE OF THE HUMAN SPECIES, IT MUST BE EXPLAINED AS THE CAUSE OF THE EXTINCTION OF ALL OTHER SPECIES OF THE HOMO GENUS.

Evolutionary Biology describes Man as a direct descendant of nonhuman Primates. From the interpretation of fossils have arisen concepts of mutation (the process by which the genetic material of a cell is altered), transformism (the theory that one Species is changed into another) and Evolution through mechanistic, unguided, purposeless and random events.

At a fundamental level, The Great Chain of Living Beings has to be explained as a Continuity while the individual Species of Living Beings arrive as a sequence of discrete, creative steps. The precise physical form of Man as a special form or as a Human Species has to be explained by describing the role of natural factors and natural conditions of climate or environment that may determine the actual characteristics of a given Species. The morphological variations among the various members of the Homo Genus have to be related to the variations in diet, physical activity, and physical climatic conditions and the observed variations must explain the reproductive success or failure of the Species.

In my view, the substance or material called the Living Matter always exists with the same chemical composition resisting any influence of changing Time. Because of this Unchanging Principle, the Principle of Unity, the observed phenomenon of Biodiversity is manifested in the natural world.The forms assumed by the Living Matter have always varied to demonstrate the operation of a creative mechanism that maintains the stability of each Species while generating variations among members of the same Species and between different Species.

I would further seek to explain the arrival of the Human Species as a Creative Event as other member Species of the Genus Homo disappeared simultaneously without any specific contribution made by the Nature or the natural living conditions that prevail on planet Earth.

The Rudolf-Rudi Connection. The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection is not supported by the Cell Theory

**The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.**

Yes indeed, Life is complicated. If Life is a discussion about the Living Things, the conversation pertains to the two basic principles about the constitution of the Living Things. The principles are, 1. Form, and 2. Matter. The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection tries to account for the phenomenon of biodiversity without giving attention to the Unchanging Nature, Composition, and Functions of the Living Matter described by Science as Protoplasm or Cytoplasm, a gelatinous Substance common to all Living Things. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection for there is no evolutionary change in the building blocks of Life.

Spirituality Science – Human Evolution:

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution involves the notion of a common ancestor for both man and the anthropoid apes. “In The Descent of Man” (1871), Charles Darwin shared a view of man’s origin by a process of natural variation from an ancestral type. We have yet to discover a common ancestor for both the anthropoid apes such as the Gorilla and the Anatomically Modern Man. Both Gorilla and Chimpanzee are natives of Africa and they exist with 48 chromosomes as compared to man’s genome that consists of 46 chromosomes.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Rudolf Virchow believed the idea that humans were the descendants of apes was an attack on society’s moral foundations. In 1858, Darwin and Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection was unleashed on an unsuspecting world.

In its early years the theory of evolution was highly controversial and was fiercely debated. Virchow opposed the theory from the beginning and never relented in his opposition.

When Charles Darwin published his On the Origin of Species in 1858, Virchow was already publicly speaking out against the naturalist’s views on evolution.

In fact, in 1877, he said the idea that man had descended from apes was an attack on society’s moral foundations. He voiced his opinion that teaching the theory of evolution should not be permitted in Germany’s public schools.

Even after Darwin published his groundbreaking report, Virchow continued to speak against him and insisted that evolution was simply a hypothesis and subject to change. He was so adamant in his decision that he succeeded in getting natural history removed from school curriculum in favor of alternate hypotheses. Until he died, he insisted evolution was merely one of the multiple theories to explain human existence and required further evidence.

Virchow continued to research and write about the human body as a microcosm for society at large. Perhaps the most well-known contribution Rudolf Virchow made to the medical field was his research on cell theory. Virchow asserted that living cells do not spontaneously occur, but instead come from another living cell by way of cell division. He referred to the body as a “cell state in which each cell is a citizen.” Diseases, therefore, were just “conflict[s] between the citizens of the state, caused by outer forces.”

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: IN THE DESCENT OF MAN, CHARLES DARWIN SHARED A VIEW OF MAN'S ORIGIN BY A PROCESS OF NATURAL VARIATION FROM AN ANCESTRAL TYPE. WE HAVE YET TO DISCOVER A COMMON ANCESTOR FOR BOTH THE ANTHROPOID APES SUCH AS THE GORILLA AND THE MAN. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: “IN THE DESCENT OF MAN”(1871), CHARLES DARWIN SHARED A VIEW OF MAN’S ORIGIN BY A PROCESS OF NATURAL VARIATION FROM AN ANCESTRAL TYPE. WE HAVE YET TO DISCOVER A COMMON ANCESTOR FOR BOTH THE ANTHROPOID APES SUCH AS THE GORILLA AND THE MAN.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGISTS CLAIM THAT MAN HAS ARRIVED OR DESCENDED FROM AN ANCESTOR WITH 48 CHROMOSOMES AND CLAIM THAT ANCESTOR IS VERY LIKELY TO HAVE A GENOME SIMILAR TO THAT OF APES SUCH AS CHIMPANZEE AND BONBO. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGISTS CLAIM THAT MAN HAS ARRIVED OR DESCENDED FROM AN ANCESTOR WITH 48 CHROMOSOMES AND CLAIM THAT ANCESTOR IS VERY LIKELY TO HAVE A GENOME SIMILAR TO THAT OF APES SUCH AS CHIMPANZEE AND BONOBO.

Human Chromosome #2 attracted a lot of attention for the nearest ape relative bonobo has near identical DNA sequences . But, the problem is that of the separation of these DNA sequences into two chromosomes called #2 a, and #2 b giving the apes a genome with 48 chromosomes.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: Chromosome #2 IS THE SECOND LARGEST HUMAN CHROMOSOME. IT CONTAINS 1,491 GENES AND MILLIONS OF BASE PAIRS. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: Chromosome #2 IS THE SECOND LARGEST HUMAN CHROMOSOME. IT CONTAINS 1,491 GENES AND MILLIONS OF BASE PAIRS.

It would be very easy to speculate that the Human Chromosome #2 can result from an end to end fusion of two ancestral chromosomes such as the Chromosome #2 a, and Chromosome #2 b.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: IT IS NOT LIKELY TO PRODUCE HUMAN CHROMOSOME #2 FROM FUSION OF CHROMOSOMES #2a and #2b. APES DO NOT HAVE A FUSED CHROMOSOME. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: IT IS NOT LIKELY TO PRODUCE HUMAN CHROMOSOME #2 FROM FUSION OF CHROMOSOMES #2 a and #2 b. APES DO NOT HAVE A FUSED CHROMOSOME.

Man and apes exist with genomes that are almost identical and yet man cannot directly descend from the anthropoid apes. The fusion of Chromosomes #2 a, and #2 b would cause the production of a non-viable mutant or an individual who may not produce any offspring. Firstly, we need a male and a female with this fused chromosome in their gametes; the sperm and the egg to produce an offspring with a unique set of 46 chromosomes; 22 pairs of autosomes and a pair of (XY or XX) of Sex Chromosomes X,Y. It requires two identical, rare, mutant, male and female to produce offspring and to establish an entirely new population. The Theory of Evolution proposes that random, unguided, mutations lead to changes in a Species and eventually lead to its descent as a new Species. If fusion of two, distinct, separate chromosomes such as #2 a, and #2 b is required, the fusion event must happen in a Hominid population about 10,000 years ago and this population would have no relationship with the living apes.

The Origin of Human Races:

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN EVOLUTION HAS TO DEAL WITH TWO BASIC ISSUES; 1. THE DISCOVERY OF HUMAN ANCESTORS, AND 2. THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN RACES. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN EVOLUTION HAS TO DEAL WITH TWO BASIC ISSUES; 1. THE DISCOVERY OF HUMAN ANCESTORS, AND 2. THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN RACES.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: AMONG ANTHROPOLOGISTS THERE ARE TWO VIEWS ABOUT THE EXISTENCE OF HUMAN RACES; 1.MONOGENY, AND 2. POLYGENY. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: AMONG ANTHROPOLOGISTS THERE ARE TWO VIEWS ABOUT THE EXISTENCE OF HUMAN RACES; 1.MONOGENY, AND 2. POLYGENY.

The term “RACE” describes any of the different varieties or populations of human beings distinguished by physical traits such as hair, eyes, skin color, shape of body and head, facial features, and blood traits. These physical traits or characteristics are transmitted by heredity. However, it must be noted that such traits are highly variable, not every member of a race will exhibit all distinguishing traits. But, it is very clear that Human Races or varieties arose in response to inbreeding and not on account of interbreeding of different subspecies.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: ANTHROPOLOGISTS HAD INITIALLY DESCRIBED THREE PRIMARY DIVISIONS OF PEOPLE; 1. CAUCASOID, 2. MONGOLOID, AND 3. NEGROID. MEMBERS OF HUMAN SPECIES SHARE A COMMON HUMAN NATURE WHILE THERE IS VARIATION IN MORPHOLOGICAL APPEARANCES. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: ANTHROPOLOGISTS HAD INITIALLY DESCRIBED THREE PRIMARY DIVISIONS OF PEOPLE; 1. CAUCASOID, 2. MONGOLOID, AND 3. NEGROID. MEMBERS OF HUMAN SPECIES SHARE A COMMON HUMAN NATURE WHILE THERE IS VARIATION IN MORPHOLOGICAL APPEARANCES.

Anthropologists had initially described three primary divisions of people, 1. Caucasoid, 2. Mongoloid, and 3. Negroid. Thomas Huxley in his paper titled “On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind” (1870), had described racial varieties such as Bushman, Africoid, Negritoes, Melanochroi, Australoids, Xanthochroi, Polynesians, Mongoloids A, B, & C, and Esquimaux.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: THOMAS HUXLEY DURING 1870 DESCRIBED THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS RACIAL VARIETIES. JOHANN FRIEDRICH BLUMENBACH(1775/76) DIVIDED MANKIND INTO FIVE GREAT FAMILIES - CAUCASIAN, MONGOLIAN, MALAYAN, ETHIOPIAN, AND AMERICAN. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: THOMAS HUXLEY DURING 1870 DESCRIBED THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS RACIAL VARIETIES. JOHANN FRIEDRICH BLUMENBACH (1775/76) DIVIDED MANKIND INTO FIVE GREAT FAMILIES – CAUCASIAN, MONGOLIAN, MALAYAN, ETHIOPIAN, AND AMERICAN.

It is of no surprise to note the controversy regarding the terms used to identify the varieties of mankind. As such there is no agreement and the word ‘Species’ has no defined meaning. There are two schools of thought to account for the apparent variations among the members of the Human Species. Monogeny describes a view that all human races came from a common ancestor. Polygeny is a view that asserts the separate creation of races.

The Biological Basis for Human Races:

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE VARIATIONS AMONG MEMBERS OF THE SAME SPECIES AND OF DIFFERENT SPECIES CANNOT BE IGNORED. WHILE ALL LIVING BEINGS ARE FUNDAMENTALLY ALIKE FOR THE LIVING MATTER OR LIVING SUBSTANCE IS THE SAME. THE VARIATIONS IN FORM DEMANDS THE OPERATION OF A MOST CREATIVE PROCESS. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods.Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE VARIATIONS AMONG MEMBERS OF THE SAME SPECIES AND OF DIFFERENT SPECIES CANNOT BE IGNORED. WHILE ALL LIVING BEINGS ARE FUNDAMENTALLY ALIKE FOR THE LIVING MATTER OR LIVING SUBSTANCE IS THE SAME. THE VARIATIONS IN FORM DEMANDS THE OPERATION OF A MOST CREATIVE PROCESS.

Today, some anthropologists entirely reject the concept of “RACE.” However, they stress the heterogeneity of world population. In Biology, the term ‘race’ is used to describe a subspecies, or variety, or breed. The search for a common ancestor for the entire Human Species is not yet over. In recent times, the techniques of DNA extraction and genomic sequencing have advanced. Evolutionary geneticists are describing their findings with a degree of boldness by simply studying the DNA and using the finding to predict the behavior and nature of the Homo Species members.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: HOMO FLORESIENSIS, ABOUT 3 FEET TALL, DISCOVERED IN LIANG BUA CAVE, ON THE ISLAND FLORES, INDONESIA. THE FLORES MAN HAS A FOSSIL RECORD THAT EXTENDS FROM 38,000 YEARS TO 12,000 YEARS AGO AND MYSTERIOUSLY DISAPPEARED. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: HOMO FLORESIENSIS, ABOUT 3 FEET TALL, DISCOVERED IN LIANG BUA CAVE, ON THE ISLAND FLORES, INDONESIA. THE FLORES MAN HAS A FOSSIL RECORD THAT EXTENDS FROM 38,000 YEARS TO 12,000 YEARS AGO AND MYSTERIOUSLY DISAPPEARED.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: HOMO SAPIENS IDALTU HAS BROW RIDGES, PROMINENT JAW AND GLOBULAR HEAD, WITH SLOPING FOREHEAD. THE SKULLS of 160,000 YEARS OLD IDALTU MAN DISCOVERED IN ETHIOPIA. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: HOMO SAPIENS IDALTU HAS BROW RIDGES, PROMINENT JAW AND GLOBULAR HEAD, WITH SLOPING FOREHEAD. THE SKULLS of 160,000 YEARS OLD IDALTU MAN DISCOVERED IN ETHIOPIA.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE IDALTU MAN WAS AT THE THRESHOLD OF MODERN HUMAN SPECIES ANATOMY BUT WAS NOT FULLY A MODERN HUMAN BEING. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE IDALTU MAN, ANATOMICALLY SPEAKING WAS AT THE THRESHOLD OF MODERN HUMAN SPECIES BUT WAS NOT FULLY A MODERN HUMAN BEING.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: THIS REPLICA MAY REPRESENT A DENISOVAN GIRL WHOSE FINGER BONE CALLED PHALANX WAS DISCOVERED IN DENISOVA CAVE, ALTAI MOUNTAINS OF SOUTHERN SIBERIA. THE DENISOVA WAS MORE SIMILAR TO NEANDERTALS THAN TO MODERN HUMANS. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection,SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: THIS REPLICA MAY REPRESENT A DENISOVAN GIRL WHOSE FINGER BONE CALLED PHALANX WAS DISCOVERED IN DENISOVA CAVE, ALTAI MOUNTAINS OF SOUTHERN SIBERIA. THE DENISOVA WAS MORE SIMILAR TO NEANDERTALS THAN TO MODERN HUMANS.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: HOMO SAPIENS RED DEER DISCOVERED IN MALUDONG OR RED DEER CAVE, YUNNAN PROVINCE, SOUTHERN CHINA HAD LIVED FROM 14,500 TO 11,500 YEARS AGO. RED DEER CAVE PEOPLE ARE NOT CLASSIFIED AS MODERN HUMANS. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: HOMO SAPIENS RED DEER DISCOVERED IN MALUDONG OR RED DEER CAVE, YUNNAN PROVINCE, SOUTHERN CHINA HAD LIVED FROM 14,500 TO 11,500 YEARS AGO. RED DEER CAVE PEOPLE ARE NOT CLASSIFIED AS MODERN HUMANS.

To resolve the problems about finding the biological basis for human races, we may have to take the help of the Science called Immunology that deals with man’s ability to defend his own existence by recognizing Self and Non-Self marker proteins (antigens), the protein molecules that cover the surfaces of every cell in the human body.

The Law of Creation and Individuality:

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX(MHC) IS THE HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN(HLA) GENE CLUSTER ON CHROMOSOME 6. HUMAN ORGANS AND TISSUES CANNOT BE TRANSPLANTED OR GRAFTED INTO THE BODIES OF UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS. HUMAN IDENTITY MUST BE DISCOVERED AT MOLECULAR LEVEL TO ESTABLISH THE AFFINITY BETWEEN TWO HUMAN INDIVIDUALS. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC) IS THE HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN (HLA) GENE CLUSTER ON CHROMOSOME 6. HUMAN ORGANS AND TISSUES CANNOT BE TRANSPLANTED OR GRAFTED INTO THE BODIES OF UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS. HUMAN IDENTITY MUST BE DISCOVERED AT MOLECULAR LEVEL TO ESTABLISH THE AFFINITY BETWEEN TWO HUMAN INDIVIDUALS.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: HUMAN IDENTITY INVOLVES THE SURFACE MARKER PROTEINS FOUND ON EVERY CELL. TRANSPLANTED ORGANS AND TISSUES COULD BE REJECTED AS FOREIGN(NON-SELF) BY A HOST OR RECIPIENT FOR THE ANTIGENS ARE RECOGNIZED AS NON-SELF. — The Rudolf-Rudi Connection a Whole Foods. Rudolf-Rudi refute the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: HUMAN IDENTITY INVOLVES THE SURFACE MARKER PROTEINS FOUND ON EVERY CELL. TRANSPLANTED ORGANS AND TISSUES COULD BE REJECTED AS FOREIGN(NON-SELF) BY A HOST OR RECIPIENT FOR THE ANTIGENS ARE RECOGNIZED AS NON-SELF. SIMILARLY, INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PATHOGENS ARE RECOGNIZED GIVING THE BODY THE ABILITY TO RESIST INFECTIONS.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: HUMAN EXISTENCE DEMANDS THE ABILITY TO DEFEND ONE'S OWN EXISTENCE TO MAINTAIN THE ABILITY TO LIVE AS A SPECIFIC INDIVIDUAL WITH INDIVIDUALITY. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: HUMAN IDENTITY INVOLVES THE SURFACE MARKER PROTEINS FOUND ON EVERY CELL. TRANSPLANTED ORGANS AND TISSUES COULD BE REJECTED AS FOREIGN (NON-SELF) BY A HOST OR RECIPIENT FOR THE ANTIGENS ARE RECOGNIZED AS NON-SELF. SIMILARLY, INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PATHOGENS ARE RECOGNIZED GIVING THE BODY THE ABILITY TO RESIST INFECTIONS.

The many aspects of immunological recognition is more important than that of the recognition of ancestral Species from which the Human Species may have arrived or descended. The HLA antigens are very remarkable for the extensive degree of genetic polymorphism; that is the variability between individuals is very great and there could be no two identical individuals as unrelated individuals have different HLA antigens. Histocompatibility is a condition of compatibility between the tissues of a graft or transplant and the tissues of the body receiving the graft or transplant. The understanding of histocompatibility is important for the success of organ transplantation and it clearly demonstrates that the Human Species has no choice other than that of existing as Specific Individuals with Individuality.

The Rudolf-Rudi Connection Supports the Doctrine of Static Taxonomy of Immutable Species and rejects the concept of race and ethnicity to identify the Anatomically Modern Man called Homo sapiens sapiens. The Text Book of Cellular Pathology published by German Pathologist Rudolf Virchow.

The concept of descent from another Species cannot account for immunological recognition which formulates the basis for histocompatibility and Immunity from infections.