The term ‘sin’ is portrayed using a variety of terms. The biblical writers describe sin as that condition and activity of human beings that is offensive to God. Sin is revolt against holiness and sovereign will of God. It is both a condition of the heart, mind, will, affections and the practical outworking of that condition in thoughts, words, and deeds that offend God and transgress His holy law. In secular terms, sin means any offense against good morals, any offense against established law of the Land, and any violation of standard code for human behavior and action.
Whole Dude – Whole Declaration:
WHOLE DUDE REPORTS WHOLE SIN : Sin is that condition of the heart, mind, will, affections and the practical outworking of that condition in thoughts, words, and deeds that offend this Declaration of Independence and sin is any action that transgress the intent of this Declaration of Independence upon which the nation called the United States of America is created.
The Declaration of Independence adopted July 04, 1776 to pronounce the creation of the United States spells in very clear, and transparent terms the American ideal of Government based on the Theory of Natural Rights. This Declaration states the philosophy of Human Freedom and the Nation and its Government is formed by Social Contract. United States and its elected officials who represent the entity called Government have to adhere to these founding principles and they must be guided by the Laws of Nature which guarantee unalienable rights of man. Governments are instituted among men to secure their unalienable rights and Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. And for the support of this Human Freedom, we must mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.
I define the term “Whole Sin” as a condition of the heart, mind, will, affections and the practical outworking of that condition in thoughts, words, and deeds that offend the Declaration of Independence and transgress the Laws of Nature.
Memorial is anything that serves to help people to remember some person or event. I would like to share the photo images of the Vietnam Veterans War Memorials to remind people that we fought these wars to contain the threat posed by Communism to the doctrine of Human Freedom, and the Rule of Governance called Democracy.
Whole Dude Reports Whole Sin: Remember the Vietnam War. America called its sons and daughters to pledge their Lives, their Fortunes and their sacred Honor to fight the Enemy called Communism.WHOLE DUDE REPORTS WHOLE SIN: SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL . This monument reminds people that the sons and daughters of the United States of America have pledged their Lives, their Fortunes, and their sacred Honor to defend Human Freedom, and Democracy and fought the Enemy called Communism.
Whole Dude Reports Whole Sin: The Original Sin of Nixon and Kissinger:
WHOLE DUDE REPORTS WHOLE SIN: The prophesy revealed by Father Moses in The Old Testament, The Fifth Book of Moses, The Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 28, verses 47 to 50 has come true in the lives of American people. The RED DRAGON, The People’s Republic of China, The Communist nation is the Enemy that Americans will be forced to serve like slaves.WHOLE DUDE REPORTS WHOLE SIN: This photo image is the evidence for the “Original Sin.” Chairman Mao Zedong, and Prime Minister Zhou-Enlai are guilty of the crime called “GENOCIDE.” The UN Convention of 1949 defined the crime of Genocide; the systematic destruction by government of a racial, religious, or ethnic group. Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger of National Security Affairs is guilty of the crime called the misuse and abuse of power. His sinful actions represent the violation of the Supreme Law established by the Constitution of The United States of America. He usurped the powers entitled to the Secretary of State. He conducted secret diplomacy before he was administered the oath to the Office and before he pledged his allegiance to the Constitution.
In the history of the nation called The United States of America, President Richard Milhous Nixon (37th president of the US 1969-1974), and Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger (initially appointed by President Nixon in 1969 as an adviser, National Security Affairs and later the Secretary of State from September 1973-1977) are guilty of the offense called ‘The Original Sin’ for they transgressed the Supreme Law of this nation.
We have to recognize China’s Cultural Revolution of 1966 – 1969 as a mass campaign sponsored by the Communist government to commit Genocide. Many thousands died and there was no proper accounting of the atrocities committed and there was never a full inquiry of this human tragedy. The Cultural Revolution officially ended in 1969, but we all know that many of its excesses continued until the death of Communist Party leader Mao – TseTung in 1976.
Whole Dude Reports Whole Sin: The Original Sin of Nixon-Kissinger
In the words that I choose from The Old Testament, The Fifth Book of Moses, The Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 28, verses 47 to 50, I describe their actions of “Whole Sin” and its consequences as follows:
Whole Dude Reports Whole Sin: The Original Sin of Nixon-Kissinger
“Because you did not serve the LORD your God joyfully and gladly in the time of prosperity, therefore in hunger and thirst, in nakedness and dire poverty, you will serve the enemies the LORD sends against you. The LORD will bring a nation against you from far away, from the ends of the Earth, like an eagle swooping down, a nation whose language you will not understand, a fierce-looking nation without respect for the old or pity for the young.”
I would like to share some of these photo images that reveal the transgression of Natural Law and its consequences. The people of The United States of America having failed to serve the LORD GOD joyfully and gladly in the time of prosperity, will now serve the Enemy that LORD sent against them.
WHOLE DUDE REPORTS WHOLE SIN: February 21, 1972. President Richard Nixon with Communist leader Mao-Tse Tung in Peking(Beijing). Chairman Mao represents the Face of Crimes Against Humanity. The UN Convention of 1949 has defined the crime of Genocide as a systematic destruction by a government of a racial, religious, or ethnic group. When this photo was taken, the United States was officially engaged in a battle in Vietnam to contain the direct threat posed by Communism. China’s Communist Party leader is the face of that Enemy.WHOLE DUDE REPORTS WHOLE SIN: Communist China’s Premier Zhou En-Lai and the US National Security Adviser Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger are the faces that represent the Original Sin, they are guilty of the offense called transgression of Law. William P. Rogers was the Secretary of State from 1969 to 1973. Dr. Kissinger had usurped the powers of the Secretary of State and had misused and had abused his office to conduct secret diplomatic negotiations with the Enemy while the United States was openly fighting a grim battle to contain the threat of Communism in Vietnam.WHOLE DUDE REPORTS WHOLE SIN: December 01, 1975. President Gerald Ford with China’s Communist leader Deng Xiaoping in Beijing. George Herbert Walker Bush who later became CIA’s Director on January 30, 1976 is also seen in this photo. Both President Ford and George Bush were fully aware of America’s partnership with India, and Tibet to fight the military threat posed by Communism.Whole Dude Reports Whole Sin: January 30, 1979. The White House Ceremony. President James Earl Carter (39th president of the US 1977-1981) with Chinese Communist Party leader Teng Hsiao Ping. Does the Declaration of Independence envisage friendly relations with the Communists?Whole Dude Reports Whole Sin: April 26, 1984. President Ronald Wilson Reagan (40th president of the US 1981-1989) with China’s Communist Party leader and President Li Xiannian. President Reagan, who demanded the tearing down of the ‘Berlin Wall’, could not be a friend of the Communists.Whole Dude Reports Whole Sin: February 25, 1989. President George Herbert Walker Bush (41st president of the US 1989-1993) riding the bike given by China’s Communist Party leader, Premier Li Pang in Beijing. President Bush who had earlier served as the Director of CIA is fully aware of the US military alliance/pact with India, and Tibet to face the military threat posed by Communist China’s occupation of Tibet since 1950.Whole Dude Reports Whole Sin: June 27, 1998. President William Jefferson Clinton (42nd president of the US 1993-2001) with China’s Communist Party leader and Premier Li Peng in Beijing. A willingness to serve the Enemy.Whole Dude Reports Whole Sin: February 21, 2002. President George W. Bush (43rd president of the US) with China’s Communist Party leader, President Jiang Zemin in Beijing. Communist China’s lack of respect for Human Rights should deter the United States from pursuing this path of self-destruction.Whole Dude Reports Whole Sin: Friday, June 07, 2013. President Barack Obama with China’s Communist Party leader and President Xi Jinping. The prophesy predicted in the Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 28, verses 47-50 is coming true.Whole Dude Reports Whole Sin: Saturday, June 08, 2013. Rancho Mirage, California. President Barack Obama with China’s Communist Party leader, President Jiang Zemin. The word ‘Mirage’ describes an Optical Illusion, something that falsely appears to be real. American Citizens have to wake up to the reality of the Enemy who has arrived on their shores from a distant land. (The Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 28, verses 47-50)
The Supreme Law of the United States of America is called The Constitution of The United States of America. The Constitution was preceded by The Declaration of Independence, the written document that pronounced the creation of the nation called The United States of America. I am respectfully claiming that the elected representatives and other officials that constitute the Government have transgressed the Laws of the nation when they began the unholy relationship with Communist China which is opposed to Human Freedom, and the principle of governance by Social Contract called Democracy.
Whole Dude Reports Whole Sin: The Original Sin of Nixon-Kissinger
The Government of China and it’s Communist Party committed numerous Crimes against Humanity in the name of the Cultural Revolution.
I ask the US citizens to demand the investigation of President Nixon’s Foreign Policy that initiated the US-China relations in 1971-72 without concern for the Crimes Against Humanity described by Communist China as ‘Cultural Revolution’. The Never Ending Saga of Cultural Genocide in Tibet remains as the most important threat to Tibetan National Identity and Tibetan Existence.
Whole Evil – Red China’s Never Ending Saga of Cultural Genocide in TibetCultural Revolution was designed by Mao Zedong to preserve true Communist ideology by removing capitalist and traditional elements from society in China. Was a move to recover political power by Mao. The movement insisted that revisionists, people in China who promoted capitalism, had to be removed through violent class struggle. Red Guard was a movement of Chinese Youth to perpetuate these goals. Millions of people were persecuted, cultural icons were destroyed, religious sites were ransacked.
Cultural Revolution – HISTORY
Whole Evil: The Never Ending Saga of Cultural Genocide in Occupied Tibet.
In 1966, China’s Communist leader Mao Zedong launched what became known as the Cultural Revolution in order to reassert his authority over the Chinese government. Believing that current Communist leaders were taking the party, and China itself, in the wrong direction, Mao called on the nation’s youth to purge the “impure” elements of Chinese society and revive the revolutionary spirit that had led to victory in the civil war 20 decades earlier and the formation of the People’s Republic of China. The Cultural Revolution continued in various phases until Mao’s death in 1976, and its tormented and violent legacy would resonate in Chinese politics and society for decades to come.
The Cultural Revolution Begins
In the 1960s, Chinese Communist Party leader Mao Zedong came to feel that the current party leadership in China, as in the Soviet Union, was moving too far in a revisionist direction, with an emphasis on expertise rather than on ideological purity. Mao’s own position in government had weakened after the failure of his “Great Leap Forward” (1958-60) and the economic crisis that followed. Mao gathered a group of radicals, including his wife Jiang Qing and defense minister Lin Biao, to help him attack current party leadership and reassert his authority.
Mao launched the so-called Cultural Revolution (known in full as the Proletarian Cultural Revolution) in August 1966, at a meeting of the Plenum of the Central Committee. He shut down the nation’s schools, calling for a massive youth mobilization to take current party leaders to task for their embrace of bourgeois values and lack of revolutionary spirit. In the months that followed, the movement escalated quickly as the students formed paramilitary groups called the Red Guards and attacked and harassed members of China’s elderly and intellectual population. A personality cult quickly sprang up around Mao, similar to that which existed for Josef Stalin, with different factions of the movement claiming the true interpretation of Maoist thought.
Lin Biao’s Role in the Cultural Revolution
WHOLE VILLAIN: Defense Minister and Communist Party Vice Chairman, the successor of Chairman Mao Tsetung was apparently assassinated by Prime Minister Chou En-lai and Chairman Mao Tsetung on September 13, 1971, as he tried to escape from the country. After his killing, most of the People’s Liberation Army’s Generals of high command were purged. It totally amazes me to know that the US National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger would request Prime Minister Chou En-Lai to launch a military attack on India during that time to stop India from taking military action to resolve the humanitarian crisis in East Pakistan.
During this early phase of the Cultural Revolution (1966-68), President Liu Shaoqi and other Communist leaders were removed from power. (Beaten and imprisoned, Liu died in prison in 1969.) With different factions of the Red Guard movement battling for dominance, many Chinese cities reached the brink of anarchy by September 1967, when Mao had Lin send army troops in to restore order. The army soon forced many urban members of the Red Guards into rural areas, where the movement declined. Amid the chaos, the Chinese economy plummeted, with industrial production for 1968 dropping 12 percent below that of 1966.
In 1969, Lin was officially designated Mao’s successor. He soon used the excuse of border clashes with Soviet troops to institute martial law. Disturbed by Lin’s premature power grab, Mao began to maneuver against him with the help of Zhou Enlai, China’s premier, splitting the ranks of power atop the Chinese government. In September 1971, Lin died in an airplane crash in Mongolia, apparently while attempting to escape to the Soviet Union. Members of his high military command were subsequently purged, and Zhou took over greater control of the government. Lin’s brutal end led many Chinese citizens to feel disillusioned over the course of Mao’s high-minded “revolution,” which seemed to have dissolved in favor of ordinary power struggles.
Cultural Revolution Comes to an End
Tibet Consciousness – Undying Hope for Freedom. US President Richard M Nixon can be best described as Backstabber of Tibet.
Zhou acted to stabilize China by reviving the educational system and restoring numerous former officials to power. In 1972, however, Mao suffered a stroke; in the same year, Zhou learned he had cancer. The two leaders threw their support to Deng Xiaoping (who had been purged during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution), a development opposed by the more radical Jiang and her allies, who became known as the Gang of Four. In the next several years, Chinese politics teetered between the two sides. The radicals finally convinced Mao to purge Deng in April 1976, a few months after Zhou’s death, but after Mao died that September, a civil, police and military coalition pushed the Gang of Four out. Deng regained power in 1977 and would maintain control over the Chinese government for the next 20 years.
Some 1.5 million people were killed during the Cultural Revolution, and millions of others suffered imprisonment, seizure of property, torture or general humiliation. The Cultural Revolution’s short-term effects may have been felt mainly in China’s cities, but its long-term effects would impact the entire country for decades to come. Mao’s large-scale attack on the party and system he had created would eventually produce a result opposite to what he intended, leading many Chinese to lose faith in their government altogether.
Whole Villain – Original Sin: The mockery of the US Constitution. The US National Security Adviser, Dr. Henry A.Kissinger misused and abused his official position to meet foreign Heads of State to develop US foreign relations without the participation of the US Secretary of State. I call this villainous act as Original Sin. Both Chairman Mao Tsetung and Prime Minister Chou En-Lai were leaders of the “Cultural Revolution” during 1966-69 to unleash crimes against humanity.Whole Evil – Red China’s Never Ending Saga of Cultural Genocide in Tibet. THE SUBJUGATION OF TIBET: RED CHINA’S ILLEGAL, AND UNJUST OCCUPATION OF TIBET IS A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY.
BEIJING IS DOOMED – STRIKE BY SPACE SUPERPOWER. DOWNFALL OF BABYLON. BOLIDE COLLISION AND DINOSAUR EXTINCTION. REVELATION 18: 1-24.
During 2016, Red China spends over Six Billion Dollars to become World’s Space Superpower. Unlike the weird Quantum Phenomenon called “entanglement,” Red China’s “ENTANGLEMENT” with EVIL is no mystery. It is Known to ‘Space Superpower’, or “My Father in Heaven.” The word “EVIL” means Calamity, Catastrophe, Apocalypse, or Disaster. In due recognition of Red China’s Evil actions, ‘Doomsayer of Doom Dooma’ announces, “Beijing Is Doomed.” Red China’s “Roaming Dragon” will watch helplessly when Space Superpower Strikes Pudong Dragon’s Field called Shanghai. Bolide Collision caused Dinosaur Extinction and it takes another Bolide to wipe out Red Dragon.
Beijing Is Doomed – Strike By Space Superpower. “Roaming Dragon” will watch helplessly as Space Superpower Strikes Pudong Dragon’s Field.
CHINA: THE NEW SPACE SUPERPOWER
For years, its space programme was shrouded in secrecy. Now, with plans for Lunar and Mars Missions, and crowds at its launch sites, China is ready for liftoff.
BEIJING IS DOOMED – STRIKE BY SPACE SUPERPOWER
The Long March 7 carrier rocket blasts off on 25 June 2016 at the Wenchang launch site in the Hainan province of China. Photograph: VCG/Getty Images
STUART CLARK
Sunday 28 August 2016 04.00 EDT
At 8 pm Beijing time on 25 June this year the tropical darkness over China’s Hainan province was temporarily banished by a blinding orange light. Accompanied by the thunderous roar of engines, a 53m-tall rocket pushed itself into the sky.
China is developing rapidly into one of the major space players
Fabio Favata, European Space Agency
An increasing number of Chinese rockets have launched in the past few years but this one was significant for three reasons. It was the first launch of the new Long March 7 rocket, designed to help the Chinese place a multi-module space station in orbit. It was the first liftoff from China’s newly constructed Wenchang launch complex, a purpose-built facility set to become the focus for Chinese space ambitions. And it was the first Chinese launch where tourists were encouraged to go along and watch.
For a space programme that has long been shrouded in secrecy, it’s a major step. The Wenchang complex has been designed with large viewing areas, and in the sultry heat of that June night, tens of thousands of spectators stood cheering as the rocket began its 394km journey above the Earth and into orbit.
“China is developing very rapidly into one of the major space players,” says Fabio Favata, head of the programme coordination office at the European Space Agency’s (ESA) directorate of science.
BEIJING IS DOOMED – STRIKE BY SPACE SUPERPOWER.
The Long March 7 carrier rocket moves vertically to the launch tower in Wengchang, 22 June 2016. Photograph: VCG via Getty Images
China launched a pioneering “hack proof” quantum communication satellite, called Quantum Experiments at Space Scale, on 16 August from its older Jiuquan launch centre in the Gobi Desert. This is the first large-scale satellite designed to investigate the weird quantum phenomenon called “entanglement” that so unnerved Albert Einstein he once called it “spooky”. In addition, China is preparing to launch another new rocket design, a new space station, an X-ray telescope and a crewed mission before the year is out.
China is estimated to spend around $6bn a year on its space programme. Although that is almost $1bn more than Russia, it is still a fraction of the American Space Budget, which is around $40bn a year. Despite its large budget, the US made only 19 successful space launches in 2013, compared with China’s 14 and Russia’s 31. With numbers like this, it is clear that China has arrived in space, and is set to become stronger.
To use a Chinese phrase, they want to bring their own mat to the table. They want respect from the space community
“You will see the Chinese quite visibly begin to match the capacity of the other spacefaring powers by 2020,” predicts Brian Harvey, space analyst and author of China in Space: The Great Leap Forward. Key to this will be the large manned space station, Tiangong, which they plan to have in orbit by then. Although not as physically large as the International Space Station America, Russia, Europe, Japan and other countries have been building and using since 1998, China’s space station will have a broadly similar capacity to perform science.
“Science is becoming more and more important in the Chinese space programme,” says Wang Chi of the National Space Science Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences. “We are not [just] satisfied with the achievements we have made in the fields of the space technology and space application. With the development of the Chinese space programme, we are trying to make contributions to human knowledge about the universe.”
Beijing is Doomed – Strike By Space Superpower.
Chinese astronauts of the Shenzhou 10 manned spacecraft mission, Wang Yaping, Nie Haisheng and Zhang Xiaoguang. Photograph: ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images
Perhaps most impressive is the broad front on which the Chinese space programme is advancing. They are making strides in everything from human space flight to space science and planetary exploration.
So do the Chinese want to take over space? Brian Harvey, space analyst and author of China in Space: The Great Leap Forward, believes the Chinese simply want to be seen as equals. “To use a Chinese phrase, I think they are wanting to bring their own mat to the table,” he says. “They are looking for equality, they want respect from the world’s space community.”
To that end, China’s biggest inroad has been made with the ESA through the space science programme. Soon after the turn of the century. ESA launched the Cluster Mission to study so-called “space weather” and the electrical malfunctions this could cause on satellites. The Chinese were keen to learn more about space weather too and came to the European agency with a proposal: they would build extra satellites to enhance the Cluster mission if ESA would collaborate with them.
“They understood that space weather was a key challenge as we rely more and more on technology in orbit,” says Christopher Carr, a physicist at Imperial College, London, who worked on the Cluster mission. ESA took care of the negotiations, allowing scientists, including Carr, to build the instruments unhindered. Although there were some differences in working methods that had to be ironed out, Carr says: “Overall it was an enjoyable collaboration.”
The Double Star mission was launched in 2003 and became China’s first scientific satellite. Cluster and Double Star have so far produced 2,300 peer-reviewed science papers. “That is an enormously successful, astonishing scientific output,” says Carr.
China has gone from strength to strength. In December 2015, it launched the Dark Matter Particle Explorer, a satellite to look for the mysterious non-atomic matter that astronomers believe makes up a large fraction of the universe. This December, it plans to launch the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope to look for black holes. ESA and China are working together on a new mission – the Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (Smile), which is slated for launch in 2021.
The Chinese know that the value of these collaborations extends way beyond the science. “We are the newcomers in space science, and don’t have much experience,” says Wang Chi. “International collaborations are the shortcut for China to catch up with the world. In addition, science, especially space science, should be the responsibility of all humans around the globe. International collaboration is the effective way to obtain the maximum science return from any space mission.”
Favata agrees: “At ESA we collaborate with all major spacefaring nations. If Smile works well it is likely to be the pathfinder for future missions. ”
In stark contrast is America, where there is a blanket ban on working with China that dates back years. The most obvious consequence of this has been the exclusion of China from the International Space Station. But far from slowing the Chinese down, the cold shoulder has actually speeded them up.
Circling above us at the moment is the disused shell of China’s first space station. The eight-ton Tiangong 1 (Heavenly Palace) was launched on 29 September 2011 and hosted two three-person crews between 2012 and 2013. It is now abandoned and expected to re-enter Earth’s atmosphere some time later this year.
The Chinese will launch Tiangong 2, a second test station, next month. It will lead to a substantial orbital facility that will be in use by 2020. Known simply as Tiangong, it will be a key base for space research, with two large science modules joined together by a connecting service module.
“They can do a lot of science on it. It will have a research capacity that the ISS didn’t reach nearly as quickly,” says Harvey.
China is not planning to keep Tiangong all to itself. In June, it signed an agreement with the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs to open the station to experiments and astronauts from UN member states, specifically developing countries that find space too expensive at the moment.
And running the experiments is where China’s astronaut programme comes in. There have been just five crewed space flights since 2003, and none at all since 2013. This is deliberate. “The idea is to take a significant step forward each time,” says Harvey, “and they’re not going to cut corners in terms of safety.”
Beijing is Doomed – Strike By Space Superpower.
2011: the Long March II-F rocket carrying the China’s first space station module Tiangong 1 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in north-west China’s Gansu Province. Photograph: AP
For the next decade, the Tiangong space station is likely to be the principal destination. Their crew capsule is called Shenzhou (divine vessel). It looks similar to the Russian Soyuz modules probably because the Chinese bought Soyuz technology in the mid-90s. This same agreement saw the training of two Chinese astronauts at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre in Russia, who then returned to China and trained more astronauts themselves.
Twelve Chinese astronauts have now been into space, including Liu Yang who became the first Chinese woman in space on Shenzhou 9 in 2012. Assuming the Tiangong 2 gets to orbit in September, then Shenzhou 11 will follow on 16 October, carrying two people whose identities have yet to be made public who are scheduled to spend a month on board.
“I think the military element in the Chinese space programme is quite overstated” : Brian Harvey, space analyst
Looking to the future, the Chinese have already begun testing the larger replacement of the Shenzhou capsule. A scaled-down version flew on the June flight of the Long March 7 from Hainan. This larger vehicle will be capable of taking up to six crew to the full Tiangong space station or on missions to lunar orbit.
It was the secondary payload, Aolong 1 (Roaming Dragon), on that launch that raised eyebrows, and stoked fears in some quarters that the civilian space programme is just a front for more covert operations. Aolong 1 has a robotic arm that can grab another satellite and guide it to burn up in Earth’s atmosphere. Officially, it is to remove space debris from orbit but it could also be used as a weapon, bringing down a rival’s satellite.
Although this is true of any space debris removal system, doubts remain because China does not have an unblemished record in anti-satellite weaponry. In 2007, the Chinese shot down one of their own orbiting spacecraft in what was probably a thinly veiled warning to America. Chinese concerns had been growing since 2002 when the US withdrew from 1972’s Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty, which paved the way for President George W Bush’s administration to develop space-based weapons systems.
Since that time, concern over China’s militarization of space has persisted in America. To others, however, that is little more than paranoia. “I think the military element in the Chinese space programme is overstated,” says Harvey. “It’s based on a misreading of the fact that their facilities are protected by the military. It’s a bit like saying the US military controlled the Apollo programme because the US navy took the returning astronauts out of the ocean. It doesn’t stand up.”
Beijing is Doomed – Strike By Space Superpower.
The Long March 2D carrier rocket carrying the remote sensing satellite Yaogan IV blasts off in December 2008. China claimed the satellite was used for scientific research purposes. Some western analysts believed they were spy satellites. Photograph: ChinaFotoPress/Getty Images
The military may not be in the driving seat, but it does launch about 15-20% of China’s space missions. The Yaogan series of satellites are billed as remote sensing missions but analysts believe they are actually spy satellites. “I suspect they are entirely military missions. I’ve never seen any scientific papers from the Yaogan missions,” says Harvey.
It is this American fear of China’s military that’s been driving the ban on collaboration, in particular the prevention of technologies being transferred to China by mistake. But now ESA has found a way to allow collaboration without the loss of control. It is “an elegant solution”, says astrophysicist Graziella Branduardi-Raymont at University College London, who is working on Smile. “China builds the basic spacecraft and sends it to Europe. ESA and its collaborators then attach the payload module, which holds the science instruments, and launches the mission. That way, no western tech goes to China.”
The Russians never got much further than paper studies in the 1970s. This is real, the spacecraft is already built
When it comes to rockets, China continues to develop a formidable arsenal of launch vehicles. Their rockets are called Long March and have been in development since the 1970s. The mainstay of their complement is gradually being replaced by the Long March 5, 6 and 7.
While the Long March 7 in June was capable of lifting about 13 tonnes into low Earth orbit, it is the Long March 5 that analysts are really excited about. Due to make its maiden flight this autumn, it’s capable of lifting 25 tonnes to low Earth orbit, rivaling anything the Americans, Russians or Europeans currently have. It is not yet known what the Long March 5 will send into orbit, but the giant rocket’s second flight, scheduled for next year, will be carrying a very special cargo. It will be a robotic mission designed to land on the lunar surface and send back samples of moon rock to the Earth for Chinese scientists to analyse.
Beijing is Doomed – Strike By Space Superpower.
China’s Shenzhou 10 rocket blasts off from the Jiuquan space centre in the Gobi Desert in June 2013. Photograph: AFP/Getty Images
The Chinese call their lunar exploration mission Chang’e, after the Chinese goddess of the moon. In December 2013 Chang’e 3 hit the headlines after it successfully deployed a small rover on the lunar surface. Despite some technical problems, it continued to return data until just a few weeks ago.
Now, China plans to land a similar mission on the far side of the Moon in 2018. This will be a world first. “The Russians did think about such a mission in the 1970s but they never got much further than paper studies. This is real, the spacecraft is already built,” says Harvey.
Also in the advanced planning stages is a rover to go to Mars. Penciled in for launch in 2020, the Chinese Mars mission is going to find itself racing NASA and the ESA, which have their own Mars rover missions launching that year too.
But what about a human landing on the moon? There could be no bigger sign of Chinese competency than that. Sure, America did it almost 50 years ago but with each passing year Apollo seems to have less relevance to the modern exploration of space. NASA has held back from committing to a new round of lunar landings. Russia and ESA would both like to go to the moon but can’t go it alone. The Chinese, however, seem to have the lunar surface in their sights. Designs for a Long March 9 rocket are currently being studied. With the first launch for the Long March 9 due in 2025, China could very well be in a position to land astronauts on the moon by 2030. This puts it roughly neck-and-neck with America, which currently plans to send astronauts to lunar orbit in 2023 but which has made no commitment to returning to the surface.
Beijing Is Doomed – Strike By Space Superpower.
Liu Yang, China’s first female astronaut, waves during a departure ceremony before becoming the first Chinese woman in space in June 2012. Photograph: Jason Lee/Reuters
Almost certainly this will be a flashpoint, but the ignition of a new space race would be a mistake. The Apollo programme of the 1960s cost the equivalent of hundreds of billions of dollars for little more than technological one-upmanship. Better now, surely, to cooperate, spreading the cost and the benefit across the world.
The Chinese space programme is gaining momentum year upon year. Its power lies not in unlimited funds but in carefully chosen projects, and the pursuit of clearly targeted goals – something the traditional space powers could learn from, especially when is comes to the crewed programmes.
At present there is no agreement on what to do when the current agreements to use the International Space Station come to an end in 2024. With America continuing to talk about hugely expensive missions to Mars, but with no real plans or budget in place to do this, Russia and ESA could increasingly find that their space ambitions are more aligned with those of the Chinese.
Beijing Is Doomed – Strike By Space Superpower.
Mission control at the Jiuquan space centre in the Gobi Desert after China’s longest manned space mission in 2013. Photograph: AFP/Getty Images
What is clear is that the Chinese space programme is more willing than ever to cooperate. With the signing of the UN agreement to host foreign experiments and eventually astronauts on their space station, the Chinese are opening up. It is of course hard to imagine Russia and in particular ESA abandoning Nasa altogether, but it is not inconceivable. In the aftermath of 2008’s credit crunch, Nasa pulled out of a number of high-profile joint missions with Europe, including robotic Mars exploration and space-based observatories. This left ESA floundering for new partners, or frantically rescoping its missions. Increasingly, China will play a role in the international exploration of space, and although it is early days they have so far they have proved to be highly reliable.
A seismic shift in space power is taking place. Europe could pivot either way or balance in the middle. Although most still talk about China “becoming” a space superpower, it is likely that history will record the tipping point as 25 June this year, when a giant rocket split the sky amid the cheers of more than 20,000 tourists.
Whole Dude - Whole Concept 